苏·阿防治花椰菜小菜蛾的效果

比较了苏·阿、Ｂ．ｔ．和虫螨克防治花椰菜小菜蛾的效果。药后１天,２％苏·阿可湿性粉 剂１００ｇ／６６７ｍ２的防效为９８．３％,高于Ｂ．ｔ．可湿性粉剂（１６０００ＩＵ／ｍｇ）５０ｇ／６６７ｍ２９５．９％的防效, 也高于０．９ ％虫螨克乳油 ５０ｍｌ／６６７ｍ２９５．４ ％的防效。药后１周,苏·阿的防效仍达 ９４．７７％,明显 高于Ｂ．ｔ．可湿性粉剂（１６０００ＩＵ／ｍｇ）５０ｇ／６６７ｍ２和０．９％虫螨克乳油５０ｍｌ／６６７ｍ２的防效。     

TCS法生产涤纶有色长丝工艺探讨

探讨了用ＴＣＳ法生产涤纶有色长丝时,切片含水率、色母粒含水率、纺丝温度、纺丝速度等工艺参数的选择,结果表明：干切片与色母粒含水率应小于２０μｇ／ｇ与１００μｇ／ｇ,且控制染料注射速率为１～８ｋｇ／ｈ,热管温度１８０～１８５℃,卷绕速度为４．５～４．８ｋｍ／ｍｉｎ时,可生产出优质涤纶有色丝。     

种衣剂处理兼治棉花苗病与蚜虫及壮苗新探

以自制种衣剂（内含烯唑醇＋吡虫啉）５０、７５、１００ｇ／１０ｋｇ种子处理棉种,播种后１８天调查对炭疽病的防效分别为７６．９％,８３．５％、８６．８％,播后３６天及６０天两次调查表明１００ｇ／１０ｋｇ种子处理对蚜虫的控制效果在８６．３％以上,且棉苗矮壮、叶色浓绿、根系发达。     

吲熟酯致突变作用试验研究

吲熟酯浓度为１、１０、１００、５００、和１０００μｇ／皿，在加Ｓ９或不加Ｓ９的试验条件下，对ＴＡ９７、ＴＡ９８、ＴＡ１００、ＴＡ１０２四个菌株进行Ａｍｅｓ试验，结果表明，各浓度组的ＭＲ值均小于２；以剂量为２０、１００、２００和４００ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重，进行小鼠微核试验，观察各剂量组小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率结果与对照组比较均未见引起显著性增加（Ｐ〉０．０５）；以剂量为４００、８００、１０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ     

防治小麦秆黑粉病药效试验

试验结果表明,２％立克秀湿拌剂２００ｇ／１００ｋｇ、２．５％适乐时悬浮种衣剂２００ｍｌ／１００ｋｇ拌种对泪科秆黑粉病具有很好的防治效果,防效为９４．７％８８．３％,极显著高于对照药剂１５％三唑酮４０％五氯硝基苯的防效。     

利用废酸制取铁黄

利用废酸制取铁黄罗自强（江苏省镇江新新工厂，２１２００３）１前言钢铁件在电镀、热镀、涂漆加工前必须用盐酸或硫酸进行前处理，每周必须更新。而酸洗废液含亚铁盐２５０ｇ／Ｌ及游离酸１００～１２５ｇ／Ｌ，而酸洗过程恰恰是制取颜料铁黄Ｆｅ２Ｏ３·Ｈ２Ｏ的头道工...     

国内最大地膜吹塑机组诞生

由广东金明塑胶设备有限公司设计制造的ＭＤ -３４００型制品幅宽３２００ｍｍ的地膜吹塑机组日前通过验收 ,该新型地膜机组可生产国内幅度最大的农用地膜制品。ＭＤ -３４００型地膜吹塑机组适应１００%线型低密度聚乙烯或线型低密度聚乙烯与低密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯共混原料 ,生产幅宽最大为３２００ｍｍ、厚度为０．００５～０．００８ｍｍ的农用薄膜 ,生产能力不小于６０００ｋｇ／天 ,能耗仅为０．２８ｋＷ·ｈ／ｋｇ制品。国内最大地膜吹塑机组诞生     

工艺条件对Al2O3·TiO2·ZnO·CuSO4／高岭土催化剂酯化性能的影响

进行了乙酸和正丁醇在Ａｌ２Ｏ３·ＴｉＯ２·ＺｎＯ·ＣｕＳＯ４／高岭土固体酸催化剂上合成乙酸正丁酯的气固相反应，试验了催化剂用量、醇／酸摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间等工艺条件对催化剂性能的影响，得到较佳的工艺条件为：催化剂用量０．９－１．０ｇ／ｍｏｌ乙酸，醇／酸摩尔比１．１－１．２，反应温度１３０℃－１４０℃和反应时间４－６ｈ。在此条件下酯化率９７％和选择性１００％。     

固定化细胞生产L－苹果酸新工艺及动力学研究

对产氨短杆菌ＭＡ－２固定化细胞在富马酸铵体系中转化生成Ｌ－苹果酸的优化工艺条件做了探讨，结果表明，富马酸铵浓度为１．８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ｐＨ７．０～８．０，反应温度为３７℃时，Ｌ－苹果酸得率达２００ｇ／Ｌ左右。同时，对固定化细胞的动力学进行了研究，结果为：ｒ（ｍａｘ）＝５８ｍｍｏｌ／（Ｌ·ｈ·ｇ固定化湿细胞）），Ｋｍ＝６．２５×１Ｏ￣（－２）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＿ｍ＝１．５６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ     

法定计量单位与废止单位对照表

法定单位废止单位质量 (ｋｇ)重量相对密度比重摩尔克分子、克原子、克当量比热容 [Ｊ·(ｋｇ·Ｋ- 1 ) ]　　比热 [ｋｃａｌ/ｋｇ·Ｋ(ｋｇｆ·ｍ)·(ｋｇ·Ｋ- 1 ) ]泊松比泊桑比线胀系数 (Ｋ- 1 )Ｆ- 1压缩强度 (ｋＰａ、ＭＰａ)抗压强度剥离强度 (ｋＮ·ｍ- 1 、Ｎ·ｍ- 1 )ｋｇｆ·ｃｍ- 1表面张力 (Ｎ·ｍ- 1 )ｄｙｎ·ｃｍ- 1表面电阻率表面电阻系数纳米 (ｎｍ) 埃 (。Ａ)密度 (ｇ·ｃｍ- 3、ｋｇ·ｍ- 3、Ｍｇ·ｍ- 3比重、容重相对分子质量分子量折射率折光、折射系数热导率 [(Ｗ·(ｍ .Ｋ- 1 ) ] 导热系数 (ｃａｌ/ｃｍ .ｓ .ｋ ,…     

牛奶中酪蛋白和乳糖的分离方法研究

用蛋白质等电沉淀法从牛奶中分离酪蛋白和乳糖。酪蛋白分离的最佳工艺参数为:提取温度40℃,pH值4.8,乙醇用量20 mL/100 mL牛奶;乳糖分离的最佳工艺参数为:pH值4.8,碳酸钙用量2.5 g/100 mL牛奶,结晶时间4 d。温度对乳糖得率的影响不大。     

Rosiglitazone,a PPAR-γ Agonist,Fails to Attenuate CLA-Induced Milk Fat Depression and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Lactating Mice

Our objective was to investigate the combination of rosiglitazone (ROSI) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on mammary and hepatic lipogenesis in lactating C57Bl/6 J mice. Twenty-four lactating mice were randomly assigned to one of four treatments applied from postpartum day 6 to day 10. Treatments included: (1) control diet, (2) control plus 1.5 % dietary CLA (CLA) substituted for soybean oil, (3) control plus daily intra-peritoneal (IP) rosiglitazone injections (10 mg/kg body weight) (ROSI), and (4) CLA plus ROSI (CLA-ROSI). Dam food intake and milk fat concentration were depressed with CLA. However, no effects were observed with ROSI. The CLA-induced milk fat depression was due to reduced expression for mammary lipogenic genes involved in de-novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis, FA uptake and desaturation, and triacyglycerol synthesis. Liver weight (g/100 g body weight) was increased by CLA due to an increase in lipid accumulation triggering a compensatory reduction in mRNA abundance of hepatic lipogenic enzymes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase I and stearoyl-CoA desaturase I. On the contrary, no effects were observed with ROSI on hepatic and mammary lipogenic gene and enzyme expression. Overall, feeding CLA to lactating mice induced milk fat depression and increased hepatic lipid accumulation, probably due to the presence of trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer, while ROSI failed to significantly attenuate both hepatic steatosis and reduction in milk fat content.     

Effect of lecithins partly replacing rumen‐protected fat on fatty acid digestion and composition of cow milk

The effects on fatty acid digestibility and milk fat composition of calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids and of a 25% replacement of the Ca soaps by four different lecithins (raw, deoiled and deoiled/partially hydrolysed soy lecithin, raw canola lecithin) and soybean oil were investigated in six lactating cows each. The complete diets contained the lipid supplements at proportions of 30 g fatty acids/kg dry matter. Partial replacement of Ca soaps by soy or canola lecithins and soybean oil had small but significant effects on fatty acid digestion and utilisation, as well as the fatty acid profile in milk. Relative to Ca soaps alone, C 16:0 digestibility was slightly higher with lecithins, and percentage of conjugated linoleic acid and trans C 18:1 in milk fat increased while proportion of C 16:0 decreased. Deoiling of lecithins slightly reduced the effects on C 16:0 digestibility and excretion with milk. The influence of lecithin processing was higher than the differences between raw soy and raw canola lecithin. Nevertheless, most of the few effects observed may be related to the fatty acids supplied with the lecithins but, regarding C 18:1 trans‐11 and odd chain fatty acids, there is some evidence that lecithins impair rumen microbial activity less than soybean oil.     

Effect of Feeding a Low Level of Encapsulated Fish Oil to Dairy Goats on Milk Yield,Composition, and Fatty Acid Profile

Contradictory results have been found in the response of dairy goats to the supplementation of fish oil in their diet to improve the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in milk. The responses to the inclusion of fish oil in the diet of ruminants either induced milk fat depression, increased milk fat content, and/or negatively impacted milk yield. The objective of this study was to determine whether including a low dose of encapsulated fish oil in the diet of goats can modify yield, milk composition, and the fatty acid (FA) profile of milk. Ten Alpine goats were divided into two homogeneous subgroups and assigned to either the control or experimental diet. The control animals received the basal diet without supplementation of fish oil, whereas the experimental group was given the same basal diet supplemented with encapsulated fish oil (1.14 g /kg of concentrate) for 56 days. Milk samples were analyzed for chemical composition and FA profile. The inclusion of encapsulated fish oil in the goat diet did not affect the yield and composition of goat milk. The effect of diet was not significant on the FA profile of goat milk, except that 20:0 was lower (P < 0.05) in the milk of goats that received fish oil. The low dose of encapsulated fish oil supplement used in this study did not impact (P > 0.05) the PUFA content of goat milk or milk composition and yield; however, the atherogenicity index (AI), which is beneficial to heart health, was lower (P < 0.05) in the milk of goats that received fish oil as a supplement in their diet compared to the control.     

Docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid levels are correlated in human milk: Implications for new European infant formula regulations

From February 2022, all infant formula sold in the European Union must contain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at ~0.33%–1.14% of total fat with no minimum requirement for arachidonic acid (ARA). This work examines the association between DHA and ARA levels in human milk, the gold standard for infant feeding. Human milk (n = 470) was collected over 12-weeks postpartum from lactating mothers (n = 100) of infants born weighing <1250 g (NCT02137473). Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. ARA and DHA concentrations were associated in human milk (β = 0.47 [95% confidence interval 0.38–0.56] mol%), including transitional and mature milk, but not colostrum. This remained significant upon adjustment for percentages of other saturated, monounsaturated, n-3, or n-6 fatty acids, day of sample collection, or maternal characteristics (body mass index, ethnicity, education, and income). Infant formulas containing relatively high concentrations of DHA without ARA, as permitted by the new regulations, would not reflect the balance of these fatty acids in human milk.     

Application of cross-flow microfiltration to semi-hard cheese production from milk retentates

In the cheese industry, the concentration of milk using ultrafiltration for continuous soft and fresh cheese production is standard technology. The object of the work presented here was to produce a semi-hard cheese of quality and composition comparable to that of traditionally made cheese from highly concentrated microfiltered milk retentate. Two different membrane systems were tested for the production of high viscous milk retentate with high dry matter content. For milk containing 3.2% fat and skim milk, a concentration factor of 6.6 and 9.1 respectively was obtained using the MF/UF/UF pilot plant fitted with cassette modules. Milk containing 3.2% fat was concentrated in batches by a factor of 5.7 in the pilot plant using a ceramic membrane. Using minimal curd separation, a semi-hard one day old cheese with a dry matter of 533 g/kg, moisture on a fat-free basis (MFFB) of 626 g/kg and fat on a dry basis (FDB) value of 478 g/kg was made from the milk retentate produced with the ceramic module. The ripened cheese fulfilled the legal requirements of a traditionally produced semi-hard cheese with superb sensory qualities. Using the MF/UF/UF plant, a dry matter of 495 g/kg (MFFB 669 g/kg, FDB 493 g/kg) was achieved in a semi-hard cheese made from skim milk retentate. Our results suggest that by using a larger spacer distance in the last loop of the MF/UF/UF plant, combined with new hybrid technologies, semi-hard cheese production from full concentrate milk will soon become possible.     

中性氧化铝柱净化-UPLC-MS/MS法测定乳和乳制品中黄曲霉毒素M_1

建立了中性氧化铝固相萃取柱净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定乳和乳制品中黄曲霉毒素M1的分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,乙酸锌辅助沉淀蛋白,中性氧化铝SPE柱净化,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,以电喷雾离子源(ESI)在正离子多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行测定,外标法定量。结果表明,黄曲霉毒素M1在0.1~50μg/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)大于0.99;空白样品加标回收率在70.8%~79.2%之间,相对标准偏差小于8%。方法检出限为0.02μg/kg,定量限为0.05μg/kg。该方法实用、准确、灵敏,适用于乳和乳制品中黄曲霉毒素M1的测定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定乳制品中的氯霉素

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱/质谱法测定奶粉、凝固型酸奶及液态奶中氯霉素的方法。试样用10%亚铁氰化钾及20%乙酸锌作为沉淀剂,以乙酸乙酯提取,采用电喷雾离子源,负离子扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测,外标法定量。结果表明,氯霉素在0.5~100μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,空白样品加标回收率均大于80%,相对标准偏差小于6%。氯霉素方法检出限(LOD)均为0.1μg/kg。该方法准确、灵敏、操作相对简便,有效降低基质干扰,适用于奶粉、牛奶中氯霉素的测定。     

Effects of protected cyclopropene fatty acids on the composition of ruminant milk fat

Unsaturated fatty acids can be protected from ruminal hydrogenation, and, when fed to lactating ruminants, the constituent acids are incorporated into milk triacylglycerols. By this means, it has been possible to reduce the melting point of milk triglycerides and to make softer butter fat. This report shows that, by feeding small amounts of protected cyclopropene fatty acids, one is also able to make harder butter fat.Sterculia foetida seed oil, a rich source of cyclopropene fatty acids, was emulsified with casein and spray dried to yield a free flowing dry powder. When this material was treated with formaldehyde and fed to lactating goats (ca. 1 g cyclopropene fatty acids per day), there were substantial increases in the proportions of stearic acid and decreases in the proportions of oleic acid in milk fat. Similar results were obtained when the formaldehyde-treated supplements were fed to lactating cows (ca. 3 g cyclopropene fatty acids per day). The effect was considerably less apparent when theS. foetida seed oilcasein supplement was not treated with formaldehyde, suggesting that cyclopropene fatty acids are hydrogenated in the rumen as are other unsaturated fatty acids. The effect of feeding protected cyclopropene fatty acids on the stearic: oleic ratio in milk fat is probably due to cyclopropene-mediated inhibition of the mammary desaturase enzymes.     

Critical flux in cross-flow ultrafiltration of protein solutions

The effect of solute size relative to membrane pore size on the critical flux during the ultrafiltration of protein solutions was investigated using the constant pressure method. Hydrophilic regenerated cellulose membranes with a cut-off of 10, 30 and 100 kg mol⁻¹, model proteins and skimmed milk solutions were used. The critical flux mainly increased with the pore size of the ultrafiltration membrane. The lowest critical fluxes, 40-50 L m⁻²h⁻¹, were obtained with the retentive 10 kg mol⁻¹ cut-off membrane. This membrane had a very low permeability and, thus, the critical fluxes were achieved at high transmembrane pressures (TMP): 1.7-2.3 bar. With the 100 kg mol⁻¹ cut-off membrane critical fluxes were obtained at 0.2 bar TMP, which were around 100 L m⁻² h⁻¹, slightly declining with increasing protein molar mass. In skimmed milk experiments the permeate flux decreased when the protein molecules were enzymatically split to peptides. A critical flux for skimmed milk solution could not be found unless the protein concentration was diluted to 0.3-w% or lower. The results with model proteins were then compared to those obtained with skimmed milk resulting in β-lactoglobulin being the worst foulant.