甲壳素/壳聚糖及其衍生物在医药工业中的应用

综述了甲壳素/壳聚糖在医药材料和药用辅料方面较新的应用研究,包括作为药用载体、缓释制剂辅料;甲壳素/壳聚糖具有治愈伤口、抑制肿瘤生长、抗血栓性、止血、降低胆甾醇和抑制高血压的作用.     

明胶在缓释药物中的应用

前言 明胶在医药上的应用历史可追溯到远古时代。150多年前,胶囊制造技术的发明使明胶在医药上的应用范围和规模都大大前进了一步。药用明胶,除了用于生产胶囊外,还用于生产明胶敷料、明胶海绵或作为药片、药丸的粘合剂和配料等田。 随着医药工业的发展,新药、新剂型不断涌现,‘96国家自然科学基金招标指南中,把缓释与控释药物的研制开发列为我国“九五”期间医药上的重点课题之一。由于明胶独特的理化性能,在这一重点课题中的价值与作用正日益受到人们的重视.甲醛制成药膜,该药膜置于人体组织内,在组织内较长时间释放药物,同时吸收载体,在…     

甲壳素壳聚糖及其衍生物吸湿保湿性研究进展

简要介绍了甲壳素,壳聚糖的物化性质,概述了壳聚糖常见的化学修饰方法,详细综述了甲壳素,壳聚糖及其羟基化化衍生物,羧化衍生物,酰化衍生物的吸湿性和保湿性的研究现状,对β-壳聚糖,甲壳低聚糖的吸湿性和保湿性也进行了介绍。     

甲壳素及其衍生物的制备和应用

本文对近年来新开发出的优良天然高分子材料—甲壳素及其衍生物的制备以及在工业、农业、医药卫生等领域中的应用和研究进展进行了简单介绍。     

甲壳素及其衍生物的应用开发

综述了甲壳素及其衍生物在纺织工业、医药材料、食品工业和农业等方面的应用。     

甲壳素及其衍生物的应用研究进展

介绍了甲壳素，壳聚糖的制备，性质，对其衍生物的应用作了概述，展示了应用前景。     

甲壳素衍生物在发用化妆品中的应用

近年来,国内外对甲壳素及其衍生物的研究非常活跃。甲壳素的化学名称为(1,4)-2-乙酰胺基-2-脱氧-β-D葡萄糖,由于其难溶性,直接应用受到了限制。甲壳素经脱乙酰化反应后得到壳聚糖,化学名称为(1,4)-2-胺基-2-脱氧-β-D葡萄糖,能溶于稀酸,溶解性较甲壳素大为改善。甲壳素经化学修饰后,可得到水溶性衍生物,随之应用领域越来越广。本文就甲壳素衍生物在发用化妆品方面的应用加以论述。     

壳聚糖胶囊材料的制备及其缓释性能

采用壳聚糖为基材、果胶为交联剂制备了薄膜材料,考察了卡拉胶和淀粉为添加剂对该薄膜材料力学性能的影响。结果显示,不加卡拉胶、淀粉的果胶-壳聚糖复合聚合物薄膜材料由于不溶于模拟胃液和模拟肠液,不适合单独作为缓释胶囊材料。当加入卡拉胶和淀粉后,不仅可进一步增加薄膜材料的柔韧性、凝胶性、透明度和力学性能,还增加其在模拟肠液和胃液中的溶解性。果胶-壳聚糖、卡拉胶、淀粉的质量比为2∶1∶1,得到的薄膜材料不仅具有良好的成型性和弹性,也具有适中的胃液和肠液溶解性。将该材料制备成胶囊,在模拟胃液和模拟肠液环境考察其破壁缓释效果,结果显示,胶囊在模拟胃液和肠液中的溶解是一个缓慢过程,浸泡6h后,胶囊药物的缓释率大致为93%。     

甲壳素及壳聚糖的应用

介绍了甲壳素及壳聚糖的性质,概述了近年来甲壳素及壳聚糖在生物工程、化工环保、生物医学、食品工业等领域的应用进展。     

甲壳素/壳聚糖在废水处理中的应用

综述了甲壳素和壳聚糖在含重金属离子废水、有色废水、食品加工废水和生活污水强化生物处理中的应用现状，认为甲壳素和壳聚糖是高效的生物吸附剂和絮凝剂，有颦在水处理领域获得更加广泛的应用。     

甲壳质及其衍生物的制备与应用

甲壳质是一种丰富的天然资源。近年来，甲壳质及其衍生物的开发应用受到国内外的重视，越来越多的产品将从实验室走向市场，本文介绍了甲壳质及其衍生物的制备方法及其在工业、农业、医药、环保、生物学等领域的应用。     

Encapsulation of salicylic acid in acylated low molecular weight chitosan for sustained release topical application

Acylated low molecular weight chitosan was used to encapsulate salicylic acid (SA) for sustained release in topical delivery. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared from the depolymerization of commercial chitosan and further acylated with short alkyl chains. The successful acylation of butyryl chitosan [low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC)‐B] were proved by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ¹H‐NMR. Successful encapsulation of SA was observed by the shift of amide I band from 1648 cm^?1 in LMWC‐B to 1641–1633 cm^?1 in SA‐loaded LMWC‐B in FTIR analysis, which further confirmed with the size increment from dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy analyses by comparing its unencapsulated LMWC‐B. SA release from LMWC‐B studied by Franz diffusion experiment followed Korsmeyer–Peppas model where the release component n value (0.502) indicated diffusion and polymer swelling were involved in release mechanism. The slow release study of SA showed the acylated chitosan exhibited sustained release property toward SA. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 45273.     

低CMC纳米载体PEGMA-b-PLLA-b-PCL的制备及其药物缓释性能

以ε-己内酯（ε-CL）为疏水原料，聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯（PEGMA）为亲水原料，通过引入亲疏水性过渡原料L-丙交酯（LLA），利用可逆加成-断裂链转移法（RAFT）制备了超低临界胶束浓度（CMC）的聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯-聚丙交酯-聚己内酯（PEGMA-b-PLLA-b-PCL）。通过FTIR、1HNMR、GPC、DLS和SEM对聚合物的结构、相对分子质量（简称分子量）及粒径进行测定，用界面张力法测得PEGMA-b-PLLA-b-PCL 胶束溶液的CMC，用溶剂挥发法负载姜黄素（CUR）制备载药胶束溶液，并计算其载药量和包封率，进一步考察载药胶束溶液在不同环境下的释药能力。结果表明，聚合物相对分子质量（简称分子量）为1220~8782，粒径为28~180 nm，且最低CMC为0.62 μg/mL（pH=7.4）。载药胶束的载药量和包封率最高可达12.6%和78 .0% (pH=7.4)，且药物释放可在15 d内完成，在pH=5环境下释放量最高可达45.53%。     

Synthesis of pH-responsive isolated soy protein/carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres for sustained pesticide release

In order to improve the utilization rate of avermectin (AVM), a complex was prepared by electrostatic self-assembly using isolated soy protein (ISP) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) for loading AVM to obtain ISP/CMCS@AVM microspheres. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), sustained release property, ultraviolet (UV) protective ability, and toxicity of the microspheres were evaluated, and the release kinetics of AVM from the microsphere at different pHs were investigated. The results demonstrated that the average particle size of ISP/CMCS@AVM was 283.95 nm, and the EE reached 88.42% for AVM after denaturation. After 70 h of exposure to UV light, the residual rate of AVM in ISP/CMCS@AVM was 78.12%, which was significantly higher than 35.18% in the AVM emulsion. Moreover, the formulation imparted pH sensitivity and sustained-release property to AVM and was consistent with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, controlled by Fick diffusion. Finally, the insecticidal toxicity of ISP/CMCS@AVM did not differ significantly from that of unmodified AVM. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48358.     

甲壳质应用进展

本文主要综述了甲壳质及脱乙酰甲壳质在污水处理，分离膜制备、医药等方面的应用进展及其进一步开发利用的广阔前景。     

Applications of chitin and its derivatives in biological medicine

Chitin and its derivatives-as a potential resource as well as multiple functional substrates-have generated attractive interest in various fields such as biomedical, pharmaceutical, food and environmental industries, since the first isolation of chitin in 1811. Moreover, chitosan and its chitooligosaccharides (COS) are degraded products of chitin through enzymatic and acidic hydrolysis processes; and COS, in particular, is well suited for potential biological application, due to the biocompatibility and nontoxic nature of chitosan. In this review, we investigate the current bioactivities of chitin derivatives, which are all correlated with their biomedical properties. Several new and cutting edge insights here may provide a molecular basis for the mechanism of chitin, and hence may aid its use for medical and pharmaceutical applications.     

CS／PLLA／TPP纳米微胶囊的制备及体外释放

主要考察负载雷帕霉素（Rapaymcin,RAPA）的壳聚糖（Chitosan,CS）微球在加入左旋聚乳酸（L—polylactic acid,PLLA）时的载药量,包封率及在不同溶剂中的缓释性能。采用三聚磷酸钠（Sodium tripolyphosphate,TPP）作为离子交联剂,应用离子凝聚法制备CS／PLLA／TPP纳米微胶囊,用透射电镜和粒径分析仪进行了表征。结果表明：离子凝胶法可以得到粒径约300—400nm均匀分散的壳聚糖纳米微胶囊;微胶囊包封率可达84．25％,微胶囊载药量可达30．22％,雷帕霉素在不同溶剂中的缓释性能有很大不同。