丙烯酸丁酯、马来酸酐、苯乙烯三单体固相接枝改性聚丙烯的研究

以丙烯酸丁酯（BA）、马来酸酐（MAH）和苯乙烯（St）为接枝单体,偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,加入少量有机溶剂作分散剂,对聚丙烯进行固相接枝改性制备接枝共聚物。考察了反应时间、反应温度、引发剂用量等因素对接枝反应的影响,用红外光谱对接枝产物进行了表征。结果表明,当引发剂用量（以PP质量为基准）为0．3％,单体（n（BA）：n（St）：n（MAH）=2：1：1）总投料量为4％时,得到了接枝率为3．26％的接枝产品。单体利用率达到70％。     

淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的合成及影响因素

以玉米淀粉和丙烯酰胺为原料,过硫酸铵为引发剂,用水溶液聚合法合成了淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺絮凝剂。研究了反应温度、反应时间和引发剂用量等反应条件对单体转化率、接枝率、接枝效率、絮凝性能的影响。结果表明:在淀粉与丙烯酰胺单体的质量比为1∶2,反应温度为45℃,反应时间为3h,引发剂用量为单体的1.25%时,产物接枝效率、单体转化率、接枝率最高,絮凝性能较优。     

自交联型SBS接枝共聚物的合成与粘接性能研究*

研究了在混合溶剂中了二烯－苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（ＳＢＳ）与丙烯酸丁酯（ＢＡ）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）及交联单体Ｎ－羟甲基丙烯酸胺（Ｎ－ＭＡＡ）进行四元接枝共聚的反应条件及其产物的粘接性能。讨论了引发剂浓度、交联单体用量、单体配比、反应时间及反应温度对接枝共聚物的影响。实验确定的最佳反应条件为：引发剂ＢＰＯ用量为ＳＢＳ用量的１．８％—２．２％；交联单体Ｎ－ＭＡＡ用量为ＳＢＳ用量的１６％—１．８％；ＢＡ／（ＢＡ＋ＭＭＡ）用量比为３５％；反应时间为３５—４．５ｈ；反应温度为８０—８５℃。用红外光谱对接枝共聚物进行了分析鉴定。性能测试显示出该四元接枝共聚物对聚氯乙烯、ＳＢＳ等难粘材料有较高的剥离强度。     

接枝氯丁胶粘剂的合成

在氯丁橡胶（CR）和甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）接枝胶中，通过加入第二单体丙烯酸（AA），进一步提高CR／MMA接枝胶的粘接性能。研究了反应温度、反应时间、引发剂的用量及第一单体MMA的用量对接枝共聚反应的影响，确定了最佳的反应条件和配方组成。     

羧甲基甲壳素与醋酸乙烯酯接枝共聚反应研究

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,合成了醋酸乙烯酯接枝羧甲基甲壳素共聚物,采用红外光谱对接枝共聚产物进行了表征。考察了溶剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、引发剂用量、单体用量等因素对反应接枝率和接枝效率的影响,获得了最佳反应条件。结果表明：羧甲基甲壳素0．4g,溶剂水50．0mL,醋酸乙烯酯1．5g,过硫酸铵60．0mg,在70℃反应3．0h时接枝效率最高,可达65．1％。接枝共聚改性反应可以扩展羧甲基甲壳素的应用价值。     

淀粉接枝丙烯酸聚合型絮凝剂的合成及絮凝性能研究

以可溶性淀粉为主要原料,以丙烯酸为接枝单体,硝酸铈铵和过硫酸钾为复合引发剂,采用溶液聚合的方法对糊化处理后的淀粉进行接枝聚合,合成出环保型淀粉衍生物水处理絮凝剂。通过对接枝聚合反应温度、反应时间、引发剂用量以及丙烯酸单体用量等因素对接枝率影响的研究,确定较佳的接枝产物合成条件：淀粉10g,单体丙烯酸用量10mL,硝酸铈铵和过硫酸钾（摩尔比1：1）复合引发体系用量2mmol,接枝反应温度50℃,接枝反应时间3h,接枝率达到43．2％。利用选煤后的废水对其产品絮凝性能进行实验研究,确定较佳的废水絮凝处理条件。     

固相法淀粉接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的制备与表征

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,在少量水存在下,研究了玉米淀粉（CS）与甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）接枝共聚的反应规律。考察了含水量、反应时间与温度、MMA单体和引发剂用量等因素对接枝共聚反应的影响。实验结果表明,体系含水质量百分数为40％左右、MMA用量为CS质量的15％、过硫酸铵用量为CS质量的8％、反应温度在80℃、反应时间为0．5h左右,可得到接枝率和接枝效率均较高的接枝共聚物。通过红外光谱（FTIR）、热重分析法（TGA）以及X射线衍射法（XRD）对合成的接枝共聚物进行了表征。     

CR/MMA-AA自交联型接枝共聚物的合成与粘接性能研究

在交联单体Ｎ－羟甲基丙烯酰胺（Ｎ－ＭＡＡ）存在下,研究了氯丁橡胶（ＣＲ）／甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）－丙烯酸（ＡＡ）三元接枝共聚及产物性能,结果表明,在引发剂 为１．６￣２．０％,Ｎ－ＭＡＡ用量为２．２￣２．６％,ＡＡ（ＡＡ＋ＭＭＡ）（质量比）为１４％,反应时间为５ｈ,反应温度为８０￣８５℃时,产物的性能较优。对产物还进行了红外光谱表征和粘接性能测试。     

线型低密度聚乙烯固相接枝丙烯酸丁酯的研究

利用固相接枝共聚的方法,制备了线型低密度聚乙烯接枝丙烯酸丁酯(LLDPE-g-BA)共聚物。讨论了反应温度、反应时间、引发剂用量、单体浓度对接枝率的影响,结果表明:随着反应温度的升高,反应时间的延长,引发剂用量以及单体/聚合物比例的增加,接枝率提高,最高接枝率达到10.12%。并用红外光谱表征产物的结构。LLDPE-g-BA可明显改善PET/LLDPE复合材料的界面相容性及力学性能。     

废弃聚苯乙烯颗粒接枝改性制备防水涂料的研究

以丙烯酸（AA）和丙烯酸丁酯（BA）为共聚单体,采用溶液接枝法对废聚苯乙烯（PS）进行接枝改性制得PS接枝共聚物,然后以PS接枝共聚物的乳液为基料制备改性PS防水涂料。研究了引发剂用量、单体用量、反应温度和反应时间对PS接枝共聚物接枝率的影响,以及填料和增塑剂的用量对改性PS防水涂料性能影响。结果表明,PS接枝共聚物的最佳合成工艺为：PS用量为30 g,溶剂用量为60 mL,引发剂用量为2.2 g,单体用量为20 g,反应温度为85 ℃,反应时间为25 h;向改性PS乳液中填加10 %的填料和4 %的增塑剂制得的防水涂料性能最佳：耐水时间为25 h,耐盐时间为27 h,表干时间为18 min,冲击强度达50 kg·cm。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。