平面应力条件下弹塑性材料的起裂与裂纹稳态扩展

根据有限元计算分析的弹塑性裂纹体在平面应力条件下的裂纹尖端应力应变场,采用滑移线浸蚀以及断裂力学的试验方法,研究了该条件下的起裂和稳态扩展现象。结果表明,在裂纹尖端存在着HRR近程场以及取决于试样几何类型的远程场。起裂由单参数J控制,而稳态扩展行为则受远程应变场影响,不能由单参数描述。     

一种微分型全量弹塑性有限元算法及其应用

推导了一种坐标更新的微分型全量弹塑性有限元算法,用它模拟金属的压缩失稳现象,计算结果同实测值非常接近,并优于增量算法和刚塑性算法的结果。表明这一算法用于模拟金属的压缩失稳现象非常有效。     

平面应力问题广义滑移线方程的推导

提出平面应力问题的广义滑移线概念，推导出对平面问题具有普遍意义的广义滑移线方程，并初步探讨了其应用。     

理想弹塑性材料Ⅱ型平面应力裂纹线场极坐标解

以平衡方程、Mises屈服条件为基本方程,推导了理想弹塑性材料Ⅱ型平面应力裂纹线场弹塑性极坐标幂级数形式解和弹塑性边界(塑性区范围)。在极坐标系下,以弹塑性边界上应力满足连续条件直接进行匹配,不需要进行坐标变换补充匹配方程,简化了匹配过程。通过对裂纹线上塑性区长度的比较分析表明,应力强度因子断裂理论求解得到的塑性区范围只适用于应力荷载较小的情况,随着应力荷载的增大,精度降低。     

整体壁板增量压弯过程应力应变模拟

整体壁板结构特点为蒙皮和纵横交错的加强筋为一整体,将机械加工后的平面外形的壁板毛坯成形为具有复杂曲面外形的壁板零件具有很大的难度。本文采用MARC有限元软件分析了整体壁板成形过程中应力应变变化情况。研究表明:整体壁板成形过程中,筋条处的应力状态最为恶劣,筋条与蒙皮过渡区处于三向拉应力状态,同时有剪切塑性应变发生,容易导致该处开裂,对于高筋条来说,还容易导致失稳现象发生;筋条的塑性变形既有凸模下压导致的塑性变形,又有蒙皮回弹导致的塑性变形;塑性变形区主要集中于筋部,蒙皮几乎不发生塑性变形;成形后的壁板将保留较大的残余应力,该应力主要是由蒙皮弹性回复所引起。     

几种典型件成形过程的弹塑性有限元数值模拟

本文用独立开发的板料成形静力隐式弹塑性有限元数值模拟软件SHEETFORM-Ⅰ对几种典型件的成形过程进行了数值模拟, 得到了和实际情况较为一致的结果, 证明所开发的软件是可靠的。     

基于粘弹塑性模型的时效成形仿真

为描述时效成形过程中的弹性、塑性和粘性变形,采用粘弹塑性本构模型进行时效成形有限元仿真。通过推导增量形式的本构方程,将粘弹塑性模型应用于有限元软件ABAQUS。通过反分析的方法确定铝合金2124T851的粘性系数,并且将仿真结果与试验结果进行对比,检验了本构方程和材料参数的有效性。运用有限元仿真,研究了预热对时效成形回弹的影响和在特定工艺条件下时效成形中粘性变形和塑性变形所占的比例。     

几种焊接热弹塑性有限元分析软件的比较

以最简单的平板堆焊为分析对象,分别采用ANSYS、ABAQUS以及JWRIAN软件对其焊接过程进行热弹塑性有限元分析,通过改变焊接参数的系列计算,全面分析温度场和应力场的计算结果,并利用获得的热输入量参数与横向收缩及角变形的关系曲线与公开发表的实测数据进行对比,清楚地显示了这几种软件在焊接力学过程热弹塑性有限元分析的差异。     

轴类件热喷涂涂层残余应力的有限元分析

热喷涂涂层内部的残余应力分布是影响喷涂成形质量和使用性能的重要因素之一.文中基于热喷涂过程的逐层叠加成形的基本假设,利用有限单元法建立了轴类金属基体表面沉积铝涂层的温度场和应力场二维数值模型,研究结果揭示了喷涂涂层温度的波动上升和大量粒子独立快速凝固的典型规律,通过分析残余应力分布行为,发现涂层内部的周向和轴向应力分量最大,皆为拉应力;径向应力分量值远小于周向和轴向应力,应力方向不固定.当涂层不断增厚时,每一薄层的应力受后续沉积薄层的作用发生部分抵消,且残余应力分量值都随着涂层厚度的增加而增大.     

高阶单元在焊接热弹塑性有限元分析中的应用

为研究高阶单元对热弹塑性有限元分析中变形的影响,建立了不同网格尺寸、单元阶次的三维有限元模型,利用通用有限元软件ABAQUS对CO₂气体保护堆焊过程进行热弹塑性有限元分析,比较线性单元和二阶单元在温度和变形的计算精度及时间.结果表明,二阶单元能够更好地反映焊接区域的变形特点,焊接变形的计算结果与试验结果更加接近;单元阶次仅对应力应变场分析有较大影响,对于温度场计算结果影响不大.     

An enhanced analytical model for residual stress prediction in machining

The predictions of residual stresses are most critical on the machined aerospace components for the safety of the aircraft. In this paper, an enhanced analytic elasto-plastic model is presented using the superposition of thermal and mechanical stresses on the workpiece, followed by a relaxation procedure. Theoretical residual stress predictions are verified experimentally with X-ray diffraction measurements on the high strength engineering material of Waspaloy that is used critical parts such as in aircraft jet engines. With the enhanced analytical model, accurate residual stress results are achieved, while the computational time compared to equivalent FEM models is decreased from days to seconds.     

Accurate stress computation in plane strain tensile tests for sheet metal using experimental data

The advances achieved in phenomenological constitutive laws and their implementation in finite element codes for predicting material behavior during forming processes have motivated the research on material identification parameters in order to ensure prediction accuracy. New models require experimental points describing a bi-axial stress state for proper calibration, and the features of the plane strain tensile test have made it one of the most used. The test's principal inconvenience is the influence of the free edges on strain field homogeneity and stress computation.     

可压缩材料轴对称和平面应变单位挤压力之间的关系

在轴对称子午面和平面应变变形平面几何尺寸相同、外摩擦一致的前提下，利用有限元法、滑移线法和实验方法探讨了可压缩材料轴对称正挤和平面应变正挤间单位挤压力的关系。结果表明，轴对称单位挤压力与平面应变单位挤压力间的比值是一个数值范围，Px＝(1．2—2．1)Pp；该比值与相对密度、挤压比、摩擦条件以及材料状态有关。     

An analytical expression for the stress field around an elastoplastic indentation/contact

The stress distribution outside the contact-induced plastic zone can be estimated by the superposition of a Hertzian field and the field for an embedded center of dilatation (ECD) in a half-space, while the residual stress distribution can be estimated by the ECD field alone. This model has a simple closed-form analytical expression, matching with finite element results nearly perfectly.     

预应力钢丝缠绕厚壁缸筒三维模型和平面应力模型分析

本文给出预应力钢丝缠绕有限元分析的三维模型和轴截面平面应力模型两种模拟方法。以80MPa内压的50MN预应力钢丝缠绕液压缸为算例进行有限元模拟,将钢丝层简化为六层圆筒,分别施加预应力和边界条件,两种模型均能得到相同的计算结果。但轴截面平面应力模型计算效率更高,结果更容易收敛。在求解方法处理上,将各钢丝层预应力按一个载荷步施加;将每层钢丝载荷工况定义为一个载荷步文件,后一载荷步文件删除前一载荷步载荷,采用载荷步文件法求解,按工况组合的方法将这些载荷步计算的结果叠加在一起;以及采用多载荷步方法计算。三种方法得到了相同的结果。     

A study of high-performance plane rake faced twist drills.: Part I: Geometrical analysis and experimental investigation

A study of a modified drill point design with plane rake faces for drilling high-tensile steels is presented. A geometrical analysis has shown that the modified drill point design yields positive normal rake angle on the entire lips and point relieving in the vicinity of the chisel edge. This drill geometry can be expected to reduce the cutting forces and torque, and hence reduce the possible drill breakages when drilling high-tensile steels. An experimental study of drilling an ASSAB 4340 high-tensile steel with 7–13 mm titanium nitride (TiN) coated high-speed steel (HSS) drills has shown that the modified drills can reduce the thrust force by as much as 46.9%, as compared to the conventional twist drills under the corresponding cutting conditions, while the average reduction of torque is 13.2%. Drill-life tests have also been carried out and confirmed the superiority of the modified drills over the conventional twist drills. In some cases, the conventional drills were broken inside the workpiece, while the modified drills performed very well under the same cutting conditions. To mathematically predict the drilling performance and optimise the drilling process using the plane rake faced drills, predictive models for the cutting forces, torque and power will be developed in the second part of this investigation.     

An improved cutting force and surface topography prediction model in end milling

During the milling operation, the cutting forces will induce vibration on the cutting tool, the workpiece, and the fixtures, which will affect the surface integrity of the final part and consequently the product's quality. In this paper, a generic and improved model is introduced to simultaneously predict the conventional cutting forces along with 3D surface topography during side milling operation. The model incorporates the effects of tool runout, tool deflection, system dynamics, flank face wear, and the tool tilting on the surface roughness. An improved technique to calculate the instantaneous chip thickness is also presented. The model predictions on cutting forces and surface roughness and topography agreed well with experimental results.     

Prediction model of surface residual stress within a machined surface by combining two orthogonal plane models

The variation of surface residual stress within a machined surface layer caused by face turning was studied. The size of the tool’s corner radius and the feed rate affect residual stress. A process model using the finite element method is proposed and the mechanical effects of the corner radius and feed rate on a machined surface were discussed. When a tool with a small corner radius is used, surface residual stress perpendicular to the cutting direction becomes compression stress. As well, surface residual stress changes from tension to compression as the feed rate decreases. The process model consists of an orthogonal cutting simulation and an indentation-like simulation of a corner radius into a work piece surface. The simulated results show quantitative agreement with the residual stress measured experimentally. The integrity of the machined surface will be controlled more efficiently if the cutting conditions during finishing are determined with the proper consideration of the surface generating process.     

CAD model based virtual assembly simulation,planning and training

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art methodologies for developing computer-aided design (CAD) model based systems for assembly simulation, planning and training. Methods for CAD model generation from digital data acquisition, motion capture, assembly modeling, human–computer interface, and data exchange between a CAD system and a VR/AR system are described. Also presented is an integrated methodology for designing, planning, evaluating and testing assembly systems. The paper further describes the implementation of these methods and provides application examples of CAD model based simulation for virtual assembly prototyping, planning and training. Finally, the technology gaps and future research and development needs are discussed.