由压痕深度的比较导出各硬度值与HRC的换算关系

本文通过对压痕深度的比较,推导出HRA、HRD、HV和HD_((SOD)~2)与HRC的关系式,以便在HRC的测量范围内,进行它们之间的换算.     

维氏硬度压痕形状的规律,成因与硬度值关系的研究

通过对维氏硬度压痕的各种形状进行了归纳和总结,找出了其中的规律及成因,并就其与硬度值的关系和现行曲面维氏硬度值的修正理论进行了研究。     

冲击压痕法在残余应力测定中的应用

通过在工件表面采用冲击加载的方法形成一定尺寸的球冠形压痕造成外加应力场,根据外加应力场和工件的残余应力场叠加引起的应变增量计算残余应力,此方法基本上不损伤被测工件,有一定的工程实用性。适合硬度在50HRC以下的焊接件焊缝且有无损要求的工件的残余应力的测定。     

布氏和维氏硬度压痕的正确测量

布氏和维氏硬度压痕的测量误差对布氏和维布硬度值影响很大，为了减少压痕的测量误差本文提出正确的测量方法供硬度试验人员参考。     

开孔与闭孔泡沫铝的压缩力学行为

研究了开孔与闭孔两种胞孔结构不同、制备工艺不同的泡沫铝在准静态压缩载荷下的压缩响应曲线.结果表明:开孔与闭孔泡沫铝压缩应力-应变曲线均具有多孔泡沫材料明显的三阶段特征,即线弹性段、塑性屈服平台段及致密段;相对密度对泡沫材料的力学性能(如杨氏模量、屈服强度)有很大影响;在准静态下,开孔泡沫铝表现出明显的应变率效应,而闭孔泡沫不如开孔敏感;泡沫铝材料表现为弱的各向异性;胞孔结构影响两种泡沫材料的压缩响应曲线.     

基于数字图像处理的布氏硬度压痕直径测量方法

在分析布氏硬度试验压痕图像的基础上,提出了基于数字图像处理的布氏硬度压痕直径测量方法.利用CCD相机获取压痕图像,通过图像分割、目标区域处理、压痕圆拟合等步骤完成图像处理,由此实现对压痕尺寸的自动精确测量.     

粉煤灰聚氨酯复合泡沫静动态力学特性实验研究

以大尺寸粉煤灰漂珠为主要组分,以硬质聚氨酯泡沫为黏结剂制备了一种具有多尺度胞孔形态的复合泡沫,对其准静态压缩和动态冲击下的力学性能和变形机制进行研究。结果表明:①该复合泡沫应力应变曲线具有典型的线弹性、塑性平台和致密化三个特征阶段且具有相对稳定的平台应力;在密度0.45~0.6 g/cm^3,复合泡沫平台应力(6.5~18 MPa)和到压实应变处吸收的能量(3.42~8.9 MJ/m 3)随密度增大而提高,且平台应力与相对密度之间满足幂函数关系;②采用铝蜂窝为增强相可使同密度下复合泡沫抗压强度和平台应力分别提升约20%~45%和10%~25%,准静态下复合泡沫主要发生剪切失效,增强泡沫的主要失效形式则转变为轴向压缩失效。③在0.001~1500 s^-1应变率范围内,复合泡沫抗压强度有明显的应变率效应但平台应力并未随应变率的增大而提高。增强复合泡沫的强度和平台应力均呈现出明显的应变率效应,采用铝蜂窝不仅能提高复合泡沫力学性能,还能够改善其力学行为,使材料具有更优异的动力学特性;研究为工业固废粉煤灰的综合利用提供新思路。     

泡沫金属在弯矩作用下的表征分析

在对泡沫金属单向拉伸和压缩性能的研究基础上,进一步探讨该材料在弯矩作用下的力学行为.结果表明:在泡沫金属材料受到弯矩作用而产生破坏时,其承受的名义弯矩大小可表达为多孔体孔率的函数形式,且该数理关系可视为该材料在单向拉压载荷作用下产生破坏时所承受名义应力大小表征的延伸.     

Al-Si闭孔泡沫铝电磁屏蔽效能

通过调整发泡温度、发泡时间、保温时间及发泡剂加入量等工艺参数,采用熔体转移发泡法制备不同相对密度的Al-Si闭孔泡沫铝.利用法蓝同轴法测试其电磁屏蔽效能,结果表明:电磁干扰频率对其屏蔽效能影响显著,在10～600MHz范围内,随着干扰频率增加,泡沫铝屏蔽效能逐渐减小,在600～1500MHz范围内,屏蔽效能又逐渐增加.相对密度对Al-Si闭孔泡沫铝材料电磁屏蔽效能影响不大.     

防锈闭孔泡沫Al-Mg-Re基合金的制备与性能

在熔体发泡法制备工艺基础上,引入合金化阻燃技术,制备了Al-Mg-Re基防锈闭孔泡沫铝合金.实验结果表明,熔体发泡前同时加入Mg、Ca和稀土制备的防锈闭孔泡沫Al-Mg-Re基合金孔结构均匀,由于Mg和稀土元素的双重作用,Al-Mg-Re基防锈闭孔泡沫铝合金具有优异的耐腐蚀性能.     

泡沫铝夹芯板压入和侵彻性能的实验研究

利用MTS和落锤试验机研究了由复合材料面板和闭孔泡沫铝芯层组成的夹芯板结构在压入和侵彻时的变形和失效行为,并通过引入无量纲参数——能量吸收效率因子,探讨了一些关键参数对夹芯板压入和侵彻性能以及能量吸收性能的影响,如冲击能量、面板厚度、芯层厚度及相对密度、压头/锤头形状和边界条件等。结果表明夹芯板的破坏主要集中在压头作用的局部区域内。夹芯板的能量吸收效率对其结构参数比较敏感,增加上层面板厚度、芯层厚度或芯层相对密度能够有效地提高夹芯板结构的能量吸收能力以及抵抗压入和侵彻的能力,而下层面板厚度的对夹心板抗侵彻性能的影响不明显。不同的压头/锤头形状和边界条件对泡沫铝夹芯板的压入和侵彻响应以及能量吸收性能影响明显。     

单轴压缩载荷下闭孔泡沫铝的变形机制

基于X射线计算机断层扫描技术,重构了能够反映闭孔泡沫铝真实细观结构的三维有限元模型。采用数值模拟与试验测试相结合的方法,研究了泡沫铝在准静态单轴压缩载荷作用下的力学响应及其变形机制,重点关注了平台阶段及致密化阶段的变形模式。结果表明:试件中变形带的出现是压缩过程进入平台阶段的一个标志,此时棱杆和孔壁的变形以塑性弯曲为主;平台阶段,棱杆及孔壁的变形逐渐向塑性起皱与塑性屈曲转变;伴随致密化阶段的发生,变形带内部的胞孔严重坍塌,呈‘双凹圆盘’状。闭孔泡沫铝细观结构变形模式的数值模拟与试验结果相符,验证了该模型的有效性,为进一步研究各相关物理量(相对密度、加载速率等)及变形机制对其宏观吸能性能的影响奠定了基础。     

Prediction of compressive properties of closed-cell aluminum foam using artificial neural network

The design of artificial neural network (ANN) is motivated by analogy of highly complex, non-linear and parallel computing power of the brain. Once a neural network is significantly trained it can predict the output results in the same knowledge domain. In the present work, ANN models are developed for the simulation of compressive properties of closed-cell aluminum foam: plateau stress, Young’s modulus and energy absorption capacity. The input variables for these models are relative density, average pore diameter and cell anisotropy ratio. Database of these properties are the results of the compression tests carried out on aluminum foams at a constant strain rate of 1 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹. The prediction accuracy of all the three models is found to be satisfactory. This work has shown the excellent capability of artificial neural network approach for the simulation of the compressive properties of closed-cell aluminum foam.     

一种新型多孔泡沫钨的制备

介绍了一种类网状结构的多孔态泡沫钨及其制备方法。该泡沫钨材料的孔隙分两类:(1)是构成类网状结构且孔径为0.2～1.0mm的主孔;(2)是存在于主孔孔壁和孔棱之上且孔径在几个微米量级的微孔。主孔呈通孔和半通孔结构,并且两类孔隙相互连通,总孔率高于50%。该泡沫钨的制备方法是以有机泡沫材料为基体,采用浸浆干燥烧结法制备而成。其中料浆由钨粉和无毒性有机黏结剂组成,黏度用去离子水调节。     

Fatigue damage of closed-cell aluminum alloy foam: Modeling and mechanisms

The objective of this work is to experimentally investigate the damage evolution and damage mechanism in closed-cell aluminum alloy foam under tension–tension fatigue loading. Constant amplitude fatigue tests are performed for the aluminum alloy foam, and experimental results indicate the large scatter of the fatigue damage in the aluminum alloy foam. To describe the fatigue damage with large scatter, a statistical fatigue damage model is developed on the basis of continuum damage mechanics. It is seen that the statistical damage model can describe the fatigue damage of the foam. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation on the fracture surface of the tested specimen is carried out to understand the damage mechanisms of the foam. Four major categories of fatigue damage mechanism are concluded, i.e. damage initiates from the material surface, damage initiates on the cell wall, damage initiates at the intersection of several cell walls and damage initiates from the edge of cell. The high-resolution SEM images reveal that the fatigue mechanisms of the foam are mainly governed by the cell structure.     

Study of indentation induced cracks in MoSi2-reaction bonded SiC ceramics

MoSi₂-RBSC composite samples were prepared by infiltration of Si-2 at.% Mo melt into a preform of commercial SiC and petroleum coke powder. The infiltrated sample had a density > 92% of the theoretical density (TD) and microstructurally contained SiC, MoSi₂, residual Si and unreacted C. The material was tested for indentation fracture toughness at room temperature with a Vicker’s indenter andK _IC was found to be 4.42 MPa√m which is around 39% higher than the conventional RBSC material. Enhancement in indentation fracture toughness is explained in terms of bowing of propagating cracks through MoSi₂/SiC interface which is under high thermal stress arising from the thermal expansion mismatch between MoSi₂ and SiC.     

铝硅闭孔泡沫铝吸声性能研究

利用熔体转移发泡法制备了不同孔隙率(厚度为20mm;孔隙率为67.3%、77.7%、80.4%、88.1%)和不同厚度(孔隙率为79.6%;厚度为10、20、30mm)的铝硅闭孔泡沫铝,运用驻波管法对其吸声性能进行了测试,对其吸声机理进行了探讨,并研究了孔隙率和厚度对其吸声性能的影响.结果发现铝硅闭孔泡沫铝吸声主要是通过亥姆霍兹共振器结构和孔壁微孔以及裂缝等来实现的,实验进一步证实其吸声特性曲线符合理论分析.铝硅闭孔泡沫铝的孔隙率和厚度对其吸声性能影响显著:吸声系数随孔隙率增加而增加;低频阶段,吸声系数随厚度的增加而提高,高频阶段,吸声系数随厚度的增加而下降,但整体吸声性能受厚度影响较小,只出现了最高吸声系数向低频处迁移的现象.     

The mechanical response of tetragonal zirconia polycrystal to conical indentation

Blocks of 3Y-TZP were indented with conical diamond indenters. Indentation caused tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation in a subsurface. Of the cracks generated in the subsurface, radial and lateral cracks can be accounted for by a continuum model of the indented subsurface, built using a combination of the Boussinesq and blister stress fields. Additional ring, median and cone cracks were also observed. It is hypothesized that the latter are motivated by the reduction in blister strength or residual energy brought about by the material damage caused by the phase transformation. This damage reduces the load bearing capacity of the material progressively with increasing normal load.