硫化条件对氧化铈高温煤气脱硫剂的影响

氧化铈是一种新型的高温煤气脱硫剂,它的主要优点是再生过程中能产生单质硫。本文采用工业硝酸铈Ce（NO3）3.6H2O为原料制取CeO2,用干混法制备CeO2高温煤气脱硫剂。在固定床反应器中考察不同空速、不同硫化温度以及水气氛对脱硫剂脱硫效率的影响。结果表明：硫化温度800℃,空速1 500 h-1脱硫剂的脱硫效率较高;水气氛的存在,抑制了脱硫剂的还原与硫化,使得脱硫剂的脱硫效率下降。     

高温煤气铁系脱硫剂的研究

高温煤气脱硫净化是目前先进洁净煤利用技术之一 ,但是以前高温煤气脱硫剂在多次硫化再生循环过程中出现粉化 ,妨碍脱硫剂进一步使用 .本研究选择钢厂赤泥作为脱硫剂原料 ,添加不同活性组分和防粉化结构助剂 ,制备了氧化铁基高温煤气脱硫剂 .经过 1 0次硫化 /再生循环实验 .结果表明 :1 0次循环累计 1 96.98% ,再生后脱硫活性不发生变化 ,具有较高和较稳定的脱硫活性 .再生后脱硫剂的机械强度高于新鲜样品 ,在使用过程中没有出现粉化现象 ,这为氧化铁基高温煤气脱硫剂的工业化研究提供了可靠的依据 .     

锰系可再生高温脱硫剂的制备及其性能测试

煤气的高温脱硫净化是 IGCC 和 DRI 生产的瓶颈,直接影响整个过程的热效率。在50℃、pH值约为9的条件下采用硝酸锰、硝酸铝混合溶液与氨水进行共沉淀,制备了锰含量不同的脱硫剂,在固定床反应器中考察了脱硫剂的硫化及再生性能,并利用XRD、SEM、BET等手段表征了脱硫剂在硫化/再生过程中的物相和结构变化。共沉淀法制备的脱硫剂Mn/Al分散性好,在850℃高温下进行脱硫反应可以定量快速进行。脱硫硫容与脱硫剂锰含量呈正比,Mn-S/Mn-O交换原子比在0.90~0.95之间,改变空速和进口H₂S含量并不改变脱硫硫容。采用O₂浓度为3%的稀释空气在850℃下再生,再生后的硫容稳定,说明所制备的脱硫剂可用于高温可再生脱硫。     

热煤气一体化净化工艺中的脱硫反应特征

利用固定床反应器考察了高温煤气脱硫除尘一体化净化工艺中沉积粉尘对高温煤气脱硫剂脱硫性能的影响.结果表明,表面沉积粉尘对脱硫剂初次硫化行为有明显的影响,且与脱硫剂的组成和结构有关.利用钢厂赤泥制备的脱硫剂,含有多种惰性杂质,且具有较大的孔径结构,易于和粗煤气中的粉尘作用,造成脱硫剂硫容的减小.硫化气氛中,H2O的存在造成脱硫剂硫容和脱硫效率的降低,但不会影响因表面沉积粉尘造成的脱硫剂硫容的减小.多次硫化-再生循环实验表明,硫化-再生循环过程有助于减小表面沉积粉尘对脱硫剂脱硫行为的影响.经历一定次数的硫化-再生循环后,粉尘对脱硫剂脱硫行为的影响逐渐消失.     

粉煤灰作为高温煤气脱硫剂载体的可行性研究

基于XRD、SEM、激光粒度分析仪和成分分析等不同测试方法,比较了不同大小的粉煤灰颗粒的物化性质和微观形貌特征。以不同颗粒大小的粉煤灰为载体,制备了一系列铁铈氧化物高温煤气脱硫剂,以此研究粉煤灰作为高温煤气脱硫剂载体的可行性。在600℃的硫化实验表明,粉煤灰作为铁基高温煤气脱硫剂的载体,不仅能有效提高脱硫剂的脱硫精度和其硫化再生后的机械强度,且粉煤灰自身也有一定的脱硫作用。     

氧化铈高温煤气脱硫剂的还原与硫化

采用硝酸铈为原料制取 Ce O2 ,用干混法制备 Ce O2 高温煤气脱硫剂 .在固定床反应器中考察煅烧温度、硫化温度、反应空速及还原时间对脱硫剂脱硫效率的影响 .结果表明 :在 60 0℃～80 0℃的范围内 ,脱硫效率随着煅烧、硫化温度的升高而升高 ;温度为 80 0℃的情况下 ,脱硫效率随着反应空速的降低而增加 ;脱硫剂预还原时间越长 ,脱硫剂的脱硫效率越高 .     

微波固相法制备铁酸锌脱硫剂的硫化动力学

通过微波与常规固相法制备了铁酸锌高温煤气脱硫剂,使用X射线衍射（XRD）、氮吸附、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）以及X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对两种不同焙烧方式制备的脱硫剂的物相组成、织构形貌和表面元素进行了表征。数据显示微波焙烧制备的脱硫剂具有孔隙结构丰富、表面金属元素含量高、结合能低等优点。使用热天平对铁酸锌脱硫剂硫化行为进行了研究,根据等效粒子模型计算了两种脱硫剂与硫化氢气体反应的动力学参数,得到了硫化反应动力学方程,并在固定床上对其煤气脱硫性能进行了考察。结果表明硫化过程分为化学反应控制区和颗粒内扩散控制区。微波焙烧制备脱硫剂的化学反应活化能和颗粒内扩散活化能较低,说明其在硫化氢气体脱除上具有更高的活性。在模拟煤气气氛下,相比常规焙烧方法制备的脱硫剂,微波制备的脱硫剂的脱硫性能显著提高,具有更高的硫容和更长的精脱硫时间。     

高温煤气脱硫剂铁酸锌的性能及再生研究

以共沉淀法制备的铁酸锌作为脱硫剂的活性组分制备了一种新型的高温煤气脱硫剂.对不同工艺条件下脱硫剂脱硫活性、再生条件及使用寿命进行了研究.结果表明,铁酸锌脱硫剂的脱硫效果显著,较高的温度下可得到高的硫容量;高的氧气含量可加快其再生速率,但硫容量会有所降低.     

不同方法制备羟基氧化铁的脱硫活性研究

羟基氧化铁的制备受到制备条件或环境的强烈影响,不同的制备方法将得到不同结构和特性的产物,如不同晶型不同形貌或相同晶型不同形貌的同质异构体．为了制备高活性的常温煤气脱硫剂,采用两步法、快速氧化法、强制水解法和中和法分别合成多个羟基氧化铁,并对所制得的样品进行了物性表征和脱硫活性研究．研究表明,添加H2O2快速氧化制成的无定形FeOOH,有较好的脱硫活性,饱和硫化增重率为66．0％,100min模拟德士古煤气热重硫化转化率达69．03％．     

ZnFe2O4高温煤气脱硫剂的还原与硫化

采用共沉淀法制备了ZnFe2O4高温煤气脱硫剂,并在动态热天平上对其还原和硫化行为进行了研究,分别考察了温度、反应气氛对脱硫性能的影响。低于300℃,还原反应基本不发生：在450℃出现ZnFe2O4脱硫剂的最大还原速率：CO还原能力远不及ZnFe2O4脱硫剂硫化反应速率与浊度、H2S浓度成正比,300℃左右出现ZnFe2O4脱硫剂的最大硫化速率。还原与硫化反应可用等效应粒子模型描述,ZnFe2O4脱硫剂的还原与硫化反应存在控制段的转移。     

高温煤气脱硫剂再生性能研究进展

金属复合型脱硫剂已经成为高温煤气脱硫剂的研究重点,脱硫剂不仅要求具有良好的硫化能力,还必须易于再生,以达到多次循环使用及降低生产成本的目的。介绍了中高温煤气脱硫剂的再生性能的研究概况,包括:铁和锌系列脱硫剂、钙和铈系列脱硫剂、铜和锰系列脱硫剂。大量实验研究表明,脱硫剂的种类和再生工艺与其再生后的脱硫特性密切相关,再生结果是脱硫剂能否工业化应用的关键环节之一,在考察脱硫剂硫化特性的同时,必须注重脱硫剂再生特性的研究。     

Sulfidation and regeneration of iron-based sorbents supported on activated-chars prepared by pressurized impregnation for coke oven gas desulfurization

The sulfidation and regeneration properties of lignite char-supported iron-based sorbent for coke oven gas (COG) desulfurization prepared by mechanical stirring (MS), ultrasonic assisted impregnation (UAI), and high pressure impregnation (HPI) were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor. During desulfurization, the effects of process parameters on sulfidation properties were studied systematically. The physical and chemical properties of the sorbents were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and BET surface area analysis. The results of desulfurization experiments showed that high pressure impregnation (HPI) enhanced the sulfidation properties of the sorbents at the breakthrough time for char-supported iron sorbents. HPI method also increased the surface area and pore volume of sorbents. Sulfur capacity of sorbents was enhanced with increasing sulfidation temperatures and reached its maximum value at 400 °C. It was observed that the presence of steam in coke oven gas can inhibit the desulfurization performance of sorbent. SO₂ regeneration of sorbent resulted in formation of elemental sulfur. HPIF10 sorbent showed good stability during sulfide-regeneration cycles without changing its performance significantly.     

A study of the sulfidation and regeneration reaction cycles of Zn-Ti-based sorbents with different crystal structures

The reaction cycles of the sulfidation and regeneration of Zn-Ti-based sorbents prepared by a physical mixing method (ZT-700 and ZT-1000) or co-precipitation method (ZT-cp) were tested in a fixed bed micro-reactor at middle temperature (Sulfidation; 480 °C, regeneration; 580 °C). The ZnS produced during sulfidation from the Zn₂TiO₄ with a spinel structure (ZT-1000, ZT-cp) was easily regenerated even at 550 °C, while the ZnS produced from the ZnO with a hexagonal structure (ZT-700) needed a temperature higher than 610 °C. After regeneration, each sorbent was restored to its original crystal structure. The differences in the regeneration properties and the reaction cycles of the sorbents were related to the original crystal structures rather than to the physical properties such as pore volume and surface area. To study these differences further, FT-IR, FT-Raman, XRD and TPR were used, and their results including the reaction cycles of the sulfidation and regeneration on the Zn-Ti based sorbents with different crystal structures were discussed.     

Desulfurization performance of iron-manganese-based sorbent for hot coal gas

A series of iron-manganese-based sorbents were prepared by co-precipitation and physical mixing method, and used for H₂S removal from hot coal gas. The sulfidation tests were carried out in a fixed-bed reactor with space velocity of 2000 h⁻¹(STP). The results show that the suitable addition of manganese oxide in iron-based sorbent can decrease H₂S and COS concentration in exit before breakthrough due to its simultaneous reaction capability with H₂S and COS. Fe₃O₄ and MnO are the initial active components in iron-manganese-based sorbent, and FeO and Fe are active components formed by reduction during sulfidation. The crystal phases of iron affect obviously their desulfurization capacity. The reducibility of sorbent changes with the content of MnO in sorbent. S7F3M and S3F7M have bigger sulfur capacities (32.68 and 32.30 gS/100 g total active component), while S5F5M has smaller sulfur capacity (21.92 gS/100 g total active component). S7F3M sorbent has stable sulfidation performance in three sulfidation-regeneration cycles and no apparent structure degradation. The sulfidation performance of iron-manganese-based sorbent is also related with its specific surface area and pore volume.     

负载型氧化锌脱硫剂脱硫性能的改善

单一氧化锌负载型脱硫剂脱硫精度可达到0.1×10-6,但其硫容量相对较低.采用共浸渍法制备ZnO-MnO2/γ-Al2O3负载型H2S脱硫剂,通过XRD和BET等手段研究了MnO2对脱硫剂物相及比表面积的影响.并在固定床反应器中考察了Zn/Mn摩尔比、负载量、烧结温度和脱硫温度对脱硫性能的影响.结果表明,活性组分锌锰摩尔比为8∶1,负载量为20％的脱硫剂有较好的脱硫性能,脱硫精度小于0.1×10-6的同时,最高硫容量可达19.08 g S/100 g(ZnO-MnO2).MnO2的加入可以明显改善氧化锌负载型脱硫剂的脱硫性能.     

A Study on the Regenerable Co and Ni-Based Sorbents to Remove Hydrogen Sulfide at Middle Temperature

To remove hydrogen sulfide from hot coal gases at middle temperature, the various sorbents were prepared by precipitation or co-precipitation method. The cobalt and nickel-based sorbents promoted with alumina showed good regeneration properties during multiple cycles. The roles of each component in the sulfidation and regeneration were discussed with the results from XRD and TPD.     

不同前驱体对中温铁基脱硫剂性能的影响

分别以硝酸铁和草酸铁分解产物及分析纯氧化铁为活性组分进行脱硫剂制备,在固定床活性评价装置上对其硫化性能进行考察。结果表明,CF750、NF750和F750脱硫剂的孔结构和比表面积相差不大,但以硝酸铁和草酸铁为前驱体分解得到的活性组分粒径小于氧化铁,硝酸铁和草酸铁分解产物制备的脱硫剂对H_2S的脱除活性优于分析纯氧化铁,脱硫剂对硫化过程中出现的COS具有相同的脱除规律,硝酸钾的改性提高了脱硫剂的还原温度,减弱了CO_2与H_2S的竞争吸附能力,抑制了CO的歧化反应,有利于H_2S和COS脱除能力的改善。     

Effect of sulfidation/oxidative regeneration cycle on the solid structural changes of sorbent for high-temperature removal of H2S

In order to investigate the effects of sulfidation/oxidative regeneration cycle on the change of structural properties and removal capacity of sorbent, sulfidation/regeneration cycle was carried out up to 15 times in a fixed-bed reactor. The effluent gases from the fixed-bed reactor were analyzed by gas chromatography, and XRD, SEM, and liquid nitrogen physisorption method were used to characterize the reacted sorbents. The sorbent treated first sulfidation/regeneration cycle exhibited maximum specific surface area and the highest H₂S removal capacity. Hysteresis of adsorption isotherm of the regenerated sorbent reflected the growth of pores of fresh sorbent and pore size distribution confirmed this fact. Furthermore constant H₂S removal capacity was maintained up to 15 times of sulfidation/regeneration cycle.