聚醚的国内外发展现状

本文主要介绍聚醚的国内外生产、技术、价格产品结构及新产品试制等情况，并提出了存在的问题及建议。     

聚醚润滑基础油(PAG)的实验室研究

以环氧化合物为原料，单元醇为起始剂，碱金属作为催化剂聚合制得油溶性聚醚润滑基础油。考察了不同碱金属催化剂、催化剂浓度、聚合温度等条件对聚醚合成润滑基础油收率的影响。通过实验得出最佳催化剂为氢氧化钾，反应温度为130℃,催化剂用量为0.6%。并通过凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、红外光谱(IR)和质谱(MS)对其进行表征。结果表明KOH催化剂在催化目标相对分子质量较大的聚醚时产物收率较低，并确定了聚醚结构的存在，验证了环氧化合物制备油溶性聚醚的可行性。     

PEP聚醚型非离子表面活性剂的合成与性能研究

本文以聚乙二醇和环氧丙烷为原料，用常压法合成了一系列“氧化丙烯－氧化乙烯－氯丙烯”嵌段共聚醚，对 进行了结构表征，对反应影响因素了探讨，并对产物的表面活性性能进行了测定研究。     

聚醚增韧酚醛树脂及其泡沫的研究

本文介绍了两类聚醚改性剂-PEG和活性聚醚增韧酚醛树脂及其泡沫的方法和工艺。对一系列不同分子量PEG和活性聚醚改性酚醛树脂的力学性能进行了比较，同时研究了各种改性酚醛泡沫的尺寸稳定性、压缩强度及表观密度等；并对几种改性酚醛泡沫和未改性酚醛泡沫进行了电子显微镜扫描泡孔结构的研究和红外分析；结果表明，树脂中导入活性聚醚的柔性链段，可使酚醛树脂及其泡沫的韧性及综合性能得到明显的改善，其中尤以分子量为1000活性聚醚改性树脂及其泡沫的各种性能为优。     

增强型聚醚砜超滤干膜的研制及中试放大

本文报道了聚醚砜超滤干膜的试制和中试放大的研究情况，分析了溶剂、致孔剂及聚合物分子量和粘度对膜性能的影响，并进行了成膜条件和膜干燥温度的变化对膜性能改善的对比试验，简单揭示了膜的微观结构及膜的耐溶剂特性，最后着重介绍了超滤膜的中试放大、连续化、机械化的制备情况，以及将膜装入５ｍ＾２膜面积的超滤器上的运行结果。     

双金属氰化物催化剂合成低不饱和度聚醚

以氯化锌、铁氰化钾及含有螯合剂的水溶液为原料合成了铁锌双金属氰化物络合物(DMC)催化剂，为了获得高活性DMC催化剂，需用叔丁醇、聚醚螯合剂螯合至其结构中。并用铁锌DMC催化剂合成了7种数均相对分子质量为2000—15300的聚醚，对其工艺与性能进行了讨论与表征，并用GPC，FTIR，^13C—NMR对此聚醚进行了结构分析表征。结果表明，用此催化剂合成的聚醚与KOH催化剂合成的聚醚相比具有不饱和度低、相时分子质量高、相时分子质量分布窄的特点，同时聚醚的序列结构为头-尾相连的序列结构且呈无规立构分布的特点。     

四氢呋喃均聚醚生产新工艺及其应用研究

采用ＨＰ型新型固休酸催化体系，催化四氢呋喃开环聚合制备四氢呋喃均聚醚，对催化剂的种类、聚合条件、催化剂的分离及回收利用等影响因素进行了研究。实现了在低腐蚀性催化体系中，催化剂以高回收率回收及重复使用，产物单程收率高（一般不小于７０％），生产出的产品结构规整，应用于热塑生聚氨酯（ＴＰＵ）、浇注型聚氨酯和化丝的制备，效果良好。     

聚四氢呋喃醚和聚氧化丙烯二醇对水性聚氨酯性能的影响

本文以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、聚四氢呋喃醚二元醇（PTMEG）、聚氧化丙烯二元醇（PPG）等作为主要原料，通过白乳化法合成水性聚氨酯。采用红外光谱和粒径分析的方法研究了乳液的结构与性能，并且对水悱聚氨酯膜的力学性能、耐水性、以及热性能进行了测定，通过材料的结构与性能的关系的探讨，选择满足性能要求时PTMEG和PPG的最佳配比范围，为水性聚氨酯的配方改计提供依据。     

软泡匀泡剂用高相对分子质量封端聚醚的开发及应用

选用双金属催化剂,合成了窄分布的高相对分子质量烯丙醇聚醚,并采用两步法封端工艺,得到了封端率超过90%的高相对分子质量封端聚醚。在铂系催化体系下,所得封端聚醚与低含氢硅油进行加成反应,制备了软质泡沫用匀泡剂,并对其结构及发泡稳定性进行了初步评价,结果表明该匀泡剂的结构与发泡性能均与国外产品接近。     

聚醚多元醇热稳定性研究

本文对聚醚多元醇热氧化分解机理进行了探讨。结果表明聚醚结构、官能度、分子量、pH 值、升温速度对聚醚的热稳定性有明显的影响。本工作还选出了数种优良的热稳定剂,可使国产聚醚的热氧化起始分解温度提高到200℃左右,同时利用最小二乘法求得抗氧剂用量与热分解温度的关系方程式。     

聚异氰脲酸酯改性聚氨酯弹性体的RIM合成研究

通过异氰脲酯改性聚氨酯弹性体的化学组成及ＲＩＭ工艺条件的考察，确定了合知宾ＲＩＭ的化学组成和工艺条件，进而采用ＲＩＭ一步法合成了聚异氰脲酸酯改性聚氨酯弹性体，性能测试表明，在聚氨酯结构中引入改性的聚异氰脲酸酯环结构不仅能明显改善弹性体的热稳定性，而且还能显著提高弹性体的力学机械性能；并随异氰脲酸酯引入量的增加，弹性体的热稳定性和力学性能都相应提高。     

高能固体推进剂用粘合剂的研究进展

较为系统的从双基推进剂、复合固体推进剂、改性双基推进剂和NEPE推进剂等方面综述了其所用粘合剂的种类及其研究发展概况。介绍了当今新型含能粘合剂的类别和发展状况,并根据目前推进剂的发展要求,指出其粘合剂的发展趋势是含能化的热塑性弹性体。     

含液晶基元聚氨酯对普通聚氨酯性能的影响

合成了一类既含有刚性液晶基元又含有柔性链段的主链型含液晶基元聚氨酯(LCPU)，以端羟基四氢呋喃-环氧乙烷共聚醚为基体材料，多异氰酸酯N-100为固化剂，探讨这类含液晶基元聚氨酯对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的影响。结果表明，5种含液晶基元聚氨酯随着柔性链段长度的变化和在聚氨酯弹性体中加入比例的变化。表现出对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的影响有较大的差异。与未改性聚氨酯弹性体相比，改性后聚氨酯弹性体共混物垃伸强座量大提高71％倍．断裂伸长率最大提高8．7倍．     

CaCO3填充型聚丁二烯聚氨酯弹性体的研究

以端羟基聚丁二烯、液化改性二异氰酸(MDI)为原料，用或不用丁二醇作扩链剂，加入CaCO3，用机械搅拌或超声分散法合成填充型聚丁二烯聚氮酯(HTPB-PU)弹性体。并对填充型HTPB-PU弹性体的力学性能、热性能以及水解性能进行了研究，同时用扫描电镜研究了弹性体的应力断裂的断口形态。结果发现，随填料加入量的增多，弹性体的强度增大；填料加入量相同时，纳米CaCO3填充型HTPB-PU弹性体的力学性能和抗水解性能均优于普通CaCO3填充型；采用超声波分散相同时，HTPB-PU弹性体中的CaCO3分散得比采用机械搅拌分散时均匀得多；弹性体中存在明显的两相分离。     

Crosslinking and mechanical property of liquid rubber. II. Curative effect of aromatic diols

The relationships between the properties and structure of polyurethane elastomers derived from hydroxyl-terminated liquid polybutadiene (HT-BD), several low molecular weight aromatic diols, and diisocyanates were studied. The curative effects of the diols were examined by such means as tensile properties, dynamic viscoelasticity, x-ray diffraction, and others. It was found that the properties of the elastomers derived from HT-BD were greatly affected by the structure of low molecular weight chain extender diol. These results were interpreted by the steric effect, crystallinity, and the concentration of polar groups.     

Studies on Thermoplastic Elastomer Based on Linear Low-Density Polyethylene and Latex Product Waste Modified with Thiocarbanilide

ABSTRACT

Latex waste like glove waste was effectively modified using a new reclaiming agent, thiocarbanilide. This modified waste was blended with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) to develop a novel thermoplastic elastomer. Both uncrosslinked and dynamically crosslinked blends were prepared and their properties were studied. The results were found to be comparable to those of conventional thermoplastic elastomers.     

Enhancement of the actuation performance of dielectric triblock copolymers modified with additives

To enhance actuation performance without prestrain, an elastomeric acrylic triblock copolymer, poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(n‐butyl acrylate)‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate), was modified with two kinds of additives, oligomeric poly(n‐butyl acrylate) and the plasticizer dibutyl sebacate. An actuator modified with those additives showed about 6% strain, whereas the unmodified actuator showed only 1% strain for the same applied electric field without prestrain. In addition, actuation was attained at lower critical electric field strength (625 and 1000 V mm^?1 for modified and unmodified actuators, respectively). Upon increasing the amounts of the additives, the electrically induced actuation velocity and degree of deformation increased. These results are explained by the dielectric and mechanical properties of the elastomers. The dielectric constants for elastomers modified with dibutyl sebacate were larger than those for elastomers modified with oligomeric poly(n‐butyl acrylate). The initial tensile stresses of both of the modified elastomers were much smaller than that of unmodified elastomer. The results provide a route to enhancing actuation performance of dielectric elastomers without prestrain. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Photosynthesis and application of polyfunctional poly(n-butyl acrylate) elastomers for use in epoxy resin toughening

Medium molecular weight, novel polyfunctional elastomers, namely epoxy groups on poly(n-butylacrylate) (ETPnBA) and carboxyl groups on poly(n-butylacrylate) (CTPnBA) were photosynthesized for evaluation as the toughening agents in epoxy resins. The effect of the functionality and kind of functional group of the elastomers upon the toughening of epoxy resins modified with these rubbery copolymers as a second phase was investigated by tensile tests, impact test, and electron microscopy. It was found that there exists an optimum functionality of elastomers for maximum impact resistance in epoxy groups (ETPnBA) and carboxyl groups (CTPnBA) copolymer-modified systems. Studies on morphology of the modified epoxy resin system indicated that the better toughening effects of multiple distribution of particle sizes. The aggregation of rubber particles occurring in carboxyl group CTPnBA modified epoxy resin caused a loss of toughness.     

Fatigue-resistant silicone elastomer formulations

Fatigue-resistant elastomers have been prepared using various metal oxides as fillers in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based elastomers. The judicious choice of inorganic fillers produced elastomers that were stable under cyclic testing at elevated temperatures. These experiments were carried out using the Mechanical Energy Resolver, an instrument modified to reduce testing time from approximately 6 weeks to 60 h. Four elastomers showed stable storage moduli, were creep resistant, and showed less than 1% weight loss after 60 h. By comparison, a formulation prepared with alumina as the filler showed high rates of creep and greater than 10% weight loss. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 1633–1641, 1998     

Action of hydrocarbon and ester plasticizer in urethane elastomer for sealing purposes

A comparison of the effects of two types of modifiers, anthracene oil (hydrocarbon) and dioctyl phthalate (ester), on physical and mechanical properties of urethane elastomers prepared from polyetherols (propylene oxide derivatives of various functionalities and MW) and TDI was performed. The aim of the study was to assess their suitability as binders in permanently elastic urethane sealants for use in construction. The urethane elastomers under investigation were synthesized by a prepolymer method. The modifiers, added to the reactive mixture before curing, were found to be fully compatible with the urethane elastomers and did not interfere with the curing process. The usable range of application for both modifiers was found to be up to 40 phr. Over this range the modified urethane elastomers are viscoelastic liquids. The hydrocarbon modifier does enhance the hydrophobic properties of urethane elastomer, at a lower degree of crosslinking. It was found that modified urethane elastomers may be good binders for sealants, although their long‐term sealing properties must be confirmed under field conditions. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 523–529, 2001