智能控制的学科发展与学科教育

本文首先回顾国内外智能控制的学科发展过程，主要涉及各种智能控制系统的出现和智能控制学科的建立。简介智能控制学科发展概况之后，研究了我国的智能控制学科教育。文中以中南大学智能控制课程建设为代表，总结本课程建设的一些做法和经验，反映了我国智能控制课程的发展和现状。本文最后展望了智能控制学科的发展。     

60钢的开发与生产实践

介绍60钢开发生产中的冶炼、轧制的工艺控制情况,确立了生产工艺路线,为高碳钢的开发提供了依据。     

智能钎焊技术进展

智能钎焊作为五大工程中智能制造工程中的一部分,基于钎焊新材料、新工艺的不断涌现以及计算机、控制理论、人工智能等信息科学领域的新进展,将进入一个全新发展的新阶段.同时互联网的快速发展,为钎焊的数据库技术系统、专家理论系统、人工神经网络系统以及模糊控制系统的智能操控提供了平台.由此看出,智能钎焊的发展是时代发展的必然趋势.据此提出了智能钎焊的概念,并对智能钎焊工艺进行了总体设计,针对智能钎焊钎料制备过程引入了知识库、专家系统、神经网络以及模糊控制等理论,进一步对智能钎焊技术进行分析概括,最后对智能钎焊的发展趋势进行了展望.     

基于数字孪生的智能装配车间管控模式

基于数字孪生的智能装配车间技术是一种未来装配车间生产管控新模式,针对机翼装配车间生产过程中装配工艺路线复杂、资源利用率低、装配效率、质量低等问题,提出基于数字孪生的智能装配车间管控模式,通过构建真实装配车间、孪生装配车间和装配车间管控系统协同作业的智能装配车间,在实现资源位置信息、装配流程信息、装配质量信息实时采集的基...     

智能型真空渗碳淬火炉研制及应用

智能型真空渗碳淬火炉具有功能强大的计算机控制系统和专家系统,可以根据工件材料特性和渗层要求等初始参数自动生成真空渗碳工艺,解决了困扰真空渗碳碳黑、焦油污染和渗层均匀性问题,提高了生产稳定性和质量一致性,实现真空渗碳淬火的智能化自动生产,提高了渗碳质量,已成功用于航空工业中高合金钢和不锈钢的渗碳。     

An Evolving Method for Solar-Grade Silicon Production: Solvent Refining

Use of photovoltaic (PV) power generation has recently been increasing rapidly because it provides clean, renewable energy. While production of solar-grade silicon (SOG-Si) has been dominated recently by the modified Siemens process and a fluidized bed reactor process, obtaining a stable supply of SOG-Si at lower cost is essential to further increases in PV installation. Metallurgical production offers benefits in productivity and possibly also in process cost. Several metallurgical processes, such as directional solidification, vacuum melting, and plasma melting, have been developed, but significant cost reductions or dramatic improvements in productivity are required to enable metallurgical refining to become the major route for SOG-Si production. The solvent refining process offers the possibility of cost reduction due to its high purification efficiency and low processing temperature. This paper reviews solvent refining processes for SOG-Si purification, emphasizing their advantages and identifying the problems that must be solved for process development.     

Application of induced current potential drop technique for measurements of cracks on internal wall of tube-shaped specimens

This paper presents the applicability of induced current potential drop (ICPD) technique to the detection and sizing of defects in objects with a shape of real components. The shape of tube was selected as one of the shape of real components and an ICPD sensor for the inspection of tube-shaped specimens was developed. The usefulness of the developed sensor was verified by experiments. Finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to obtain calibration data to convert potential drop (PD) data measured using the sensor into the depth of defects. It was shown that the crack depths estimated based on measured PDs and FEA showed good agreement with the crack depths estimated by ultrasonic testing.     

The intelligent control of an inert-gas atomization process

Intelligent control is an attempt to specify the function of a controller in ways which mimic the decision-making capabilities of humans. Traditionally, issues relating to the emulation of human-like capabilities have fallen in the domain of artificial intelligence. Intelligent processing is a specific form of intelligent control in which the system to be controlled is a process rather than the more conventional mechanical or electrical system. The National Institute of Standards and Technology’s program on intelligent processing of metal powders is a multi-disciplinary research initiative investigating the application of intelligent control technologies to improve the state of the art of metal powder manufacturing. This paper reviews the design of the institute’s supersonic inert-gas metal-atomizer control system.     

The basics of the intelligent processing of materials

Currently, most high-technology materials are inspected for quality after processing, with very low yields, great variability and high costs. Intelligent process control potentially enables much greater yields of high-quality materials, which will reduce the designers’ inhibitions about consideration of new, emerging materials in the design of new products, and enable their earlier intro-duction into systems and their components. Development of concurrent engineering tools and systems, with the development of intel-ligent processing of materials technology as a cornerstone to concurrent engineering, will then lead to long-term changes in the way that organizations conduct product development. Potential benefits include a large reduction in the time required to develop new products, increased quality and reduced life-cycle costs.     

基于智能识别的汽车离合器压盘自动装配生产线的设计

将工业机器人技术、视觉传感器技术、PLC控制技术、Profibus-DP、modbus工业网络技术有效结合,开发智能识别算法,提高视觉传感器识别率,完成了传统汽车企业的汽车离合器压盘装配生产线的改造,改造后的生产线由机械手与自动工装取放工件,能完成成品瑕疵检验、装配、自动存储、自动打标等工序。实际应用表明:改造后的生产线能够较好解决人工检测中检测效率较低、误检率大等问题,具有较高的可靠性和实用性。     

智能化和自动化技术在造船焊接中的应用

造船焊接中,焊接工艺需要优化以提高产量,同时,满足焊接标准的质量要求.然而,既使最成熟的焊接工艺,焊工所焊接操作等在其焊接准备阶段也无法"尽善尽美".讨论了在焊前、焊中、焊后如何使用新型自动焊接设备,以减少工艺的不确定性.减少不确定性就意味着高水平的生产和质量.智能传感技术已应用于自动化程度不同的焊接设备中,如机械化、自动化机械设备和机器人,因其柔性化和轻便化而用于多任务的自动化焊接.并给出了应用实例.     

智能制造重塑铸造企业设备管理分析研究

随着智能制造的不断深化融合,我国铸造企业逐渐向智能化转型升级已成为时代发展的必然趋势,智能工厂、智能装备、智能生产线等带来了企业生产模式的不断创新。主要分析研究了智能制造重塑铸造企业设备管理,探索研究新模式下的管理思路。     

IPC and Hot-dip galvanizing: Enhancing knowledge transfer with visual modeling

Intelligent process control requires theoretical and experimental knowledge of physical metallurgy combined with the judgement and experience of experts in plant operations and management. An efficient interaction of these components depends on effective communication. As detailed in this article, visual modeling can be used to improve the communication between the expert in materials processing and the modeler.     

应用软件工程学方法开发智能注塑模CAD／CAM系统

详述了应用软件工程学方法开发注塑模ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统软件的过程，利用结构化分析与设计思想，建立了注塑模ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统的ＩＤＥＦ０功能模型。并应用智能技术中的ＣＢＲ方法来辅助实现系统的决策过程，分析了系统设计中的一系列问题。整个系统体现了一种具有生长命周期和新的软件设计思想。     

Intelligent Control of Consolidation and Solidification Processes

Intelligent processing of materials (IPM) deals with the integration of process models and in situ sensors into an intelligent process controller to achieve desired material properties. IPM-based control systems recently have been developed for both consolidation and solidification processes. This article explores the application of models based on the finite- element method (FEM) to develop process actuation systems, to design process schedules and component shape, and to develop a control model with which to control the process. The results in this article were presented at the AeroMat ’93 Advanced Aerospace Materials/Processes Conference and Exposition, Anaheim, CA, 7–10 June 1993     

Continuous in situ functionally graded silicon nitride materials

Functionally graded materials can enhance the performance of components under demanding operating conditions, although the development of residual stresses across the gradient and scaling up the manufacturing process to mass production present some limitations. To overcome these problems, we present a one-step approach for processing continuous functionally graded silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) materials from a sole homogeneous powder composition, using spark plasma sintering as a densification technique. Through the control of the temperature profile within the compact, specimens with a continuous variation of α- and β-phase content, as well as grain size, were achieved. A continuous gradation of mechanical properties, in particular, hardness and toughness, were measured in these specimens. This approach offers unprecedented opportunities to design custom-made Si₃N₄ components by taking advantage of the particularities of field-assisted sintering methods.     

数字激光视觉在激光焊和复合焊接中的应用

为了获得更高焊接速度下的焊接高质量,激光焊接或激光电弧复合焊接通常需要自动化的控制系统。智能的数字激光视觉技术能保证激光或激光电弧复合热源准确地对中焊缝,在焊接时根据所测量的间隙和错边等数据实时地调整焊接过程参数,并在线检测焊后焊缝成形和探测表面缺陷。DIGILAS/MDL智能激光焊接模块在激光拼焊中的应用和数字激光视觉在结构型材、船板、管件及直缝焊管等的激光电弧复合焊系统中的应用,说明激光视觉已成为激光焊接和激光电弧复合焊接系统中提高焊接质量和一致性、增加有效焊接时间和降低总体焊接生产成本的关键组件。     

浅谈我国石墨化工艺及设备的改造和发展

着重介绍我国石墨电极生产中爱奇逊石墨化工艺设备的情况及其供电设备由交流向大直流的改造，大直流石墨化工艺上的研究、技术改进和发展情况；同时介绍内热式串接石墨化新工艺，并通过对内热式串接石墨化和大直流石墨化工艺的比较，国外内热式串接石墨化工艺的应用情况和我国对内热式串接石墨化工艺试验，指出内热式串接石墨化是石墨化发展的趋势     

Mathematical models in new process development

Mathematical modeling is now established as a growing discipline which offers important tools for tackling process development and process optimization problems. The use of mathematical models for the screening of new ideas in new process development and, in particular, for tackling the inverse problem, where appropriate input parameters are defined by working backwards from an optimum result, offers very attractive and potentially rewarding possibilities. The major barriers to widespread implementation of mathematical models are the lack of constitutive relationships and the lack of information on the properties of many materials.     

STEP product model for micro formed linked parts

A central challenge of micro forming production is the handling of component parts. The simple transformation from macro to micro scale of the forming and handling processes is complicated due to size effects. One solution for overcoming these effects is to handle the components as linked parts as long as possible. Linked parts are manufactured in multistage processes in which every individual process generates different requirements. Therefore, arrangements have to be adopted to administrate growing amounts of data, for the documented coordination of the processes and also for a reproducible production. A practicable method is the development of product data models. Of major importance is the product data modelling based on ISO 10303, also known as Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP). STEP offers extensive possibilities for the application-neutral and unambiguous data exchange. Using STEP a basic product data model for the micro forming technology is designed. It is focussing on the modelling of linked parts production.