耐碱渗透剂NT的研制及应用

异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚与P205经磷酸酯化反应，生成了异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯盐，进一步与仲烷基磺酸钠SAS60复配而成的耐碱渗透剂NT，分析了P205用量、反应温度和时间对磷酸酯化反应的影响．检测结果表明：耐碱渗透剂NT的耐碱性能和渗透性能优良，并且易于生物降解．     

耐碱渗透剂TF-107B的研制及应用

阐述了耐碱渗透剂TF-107B的研制思路及其应用性能，并对其性能进行了分析比较，说明其优异的耐碱性能及耐碱渗透性能，介绍其在棉前处理中的工厂应用实例。     

低泡高效渗透剂XQ－998的研制和应用

合成了低泡高效渗透剂的主要功能成分，介绍了该渗透剂的复配原理，试验研究了其应用性能，并在牛仔布染色工艺中进行了应用     

低泡耐碱渗透剂HT—95的研究

文章介绍了低泡耐碱渗透剂ＨＴ－９５的性能，并通过实验对其在配制精练剂中的应用进行了讨论。     

氯代烷基磺酰氯衍生物的合成及其应用

以不同规格的氯代烷基磺酰氯为原料，采用胺化反应，开发出性能优良的氯代烷基磺酰胺以及N-羟乙基氯代烷基磺酰胺，优选出CASA—A1，CASA—HEl两种材料；再与磷脂等其他加脂材料复配，开发出PNO型磷脂加脂剂；从应用效果来看，加脂后对革的增厚效果明显，加脂效果优异。     

耐碱快速渗透剂试制成功

上海市纺织科学研究院研制的耐碱快速渗透剂已试制成功,并于1989年6月19日通过上海市纺织工业局组织召开的鉴定会鉴定。 研制的两种耐碱渗透剂是:渗透剂A 用于棉针织物缩碱;渗透剂PB（或P）用于纱线丝光。这两种渗透剂均为阴离子型表面活性剂. 缩碱渗透剂A经上海中华第一棉纺针织厂进行试验和生产应用,认为其渗透效果超过601渗透剂,且具有耐碱稳定性。 丝光渗透剂PB（或P）用于原纱丝光,其渗透性能达到或超过国内外同类产品的水平。经宁波线厂和上海第三制线厂进行测试和生产应用,认为该渗透剂能使丝光产品质量达到预期技术指标. 丝光渗透剂PB目前已在宁波江东日化厂中试放大生产。该两种渗透剂尚存在有刺激性气味的缺点。     

添加渗透剂辅助干法制备浆纱用羧甲基淀粉的初步探索

在干法制备羧甲基淀粉的工艺中加入耐碱渗透剂,通过对比取代度和反应效率,证明渗透剂的加入有利于羧甲基化反应的发生;通过测试红外光谱、浆膜吸湿性能、浆液黏附性和浆液黏度,显示了试验产物是适合经纱上浆的。     

低泡高效渗透剂XQ—998的研制和应用

合成了低泡高效渗透剂的主要功能成分，介绍了该渗透上复本原理，试验研究了应用性能，并在牛仔布染色工艺中进行了应用。     

磷酸酯型表面活性剂在染整工业中的应用

介绍了磷酸酯型表面活性剂特性、五氧化二磷与脂肪醇合成反应的一般工艺条件和不同分子结构对产品性能的影响.在染整工业中作为耐碱渗透剂、精练剂、丝光渗透剂,抗静电剂以及洗涤剂、阻燃剂已得到了广泛的使用.随着有机合成、表面化技术的进步,磷酸酯表面活性剂在染整工业中,应用必将日益扩大.     

染整中疑难问题解答

问 1 :我厂是生产印染助剂的专业厂家 ,在配制精练剂和渗透剂时 ,我厂采用非离子和阴离子表面活性剂等复配而成。但有些工厂使用时说 :产品的耐碱性不够。请问如何提高精练剂和渗透剂的耐碱性 ,谢谢。 (武进市寨桥第二化工助剂厂　王广新　邮编　 2 1 31 77)答 :关于精练剂和渗透剂的耐碱性能一般是根据印染厂的工艺要求而决定的。如棉布退、煮、漂一浴法 ,有些工厂采用轧—蒸法 ,有些工厂采用冷轧堆法。因此生产工艺不同对处方中所使用的烧碱浓度也不同。有时同一种工艺 ,由于棉布的组织规格不同 ,前处理时碱浓也有不同 ;如常规棉布轧—蒸…     

Determination of biogenic amines in Japanese miso products

Eight miso products sold in supermarket were purchased from Japan and analyzed for the determination of biogenic amines (BAs). Quantitative determination of BAs in miso products was carried out by means of HPLC with spectrophotometric UV-VIS detector. The amines were extracted in acid aqueous solution (HClO₄) and then derivatized by dansyl chloride. The levels of pH in the tested miso samples were ranged from 4.8–5.5. The BAs (tryptamine, 2-phenyl ethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, agmatine, tyramine, and spermidine) determined in 8 miso samples were found in their respective range of ND-0.13, ND-4.20, ND-1.29, ND-0.87, ND-0.90, ND-4.19, and ND-3.57 mg%. None of the miso samples contained histamine and spermine, the major BAs of food poisoning.     

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs): Occurrence in fishery products and dietary intake

Concentrations and congener specific profiles of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs were determined in various edible fish from the Adriatic Sea. PCBs were the dominant chemicals (116–1980 ng g⁻¹ lipid wt), followed by PCDFs (ND-58.3 pg g⁻¹ lipid wt) and PCDDs (ND-20 pg g⁻¹ lipid wt). The levels of these contaminants varied among species. Benthic organisms possessed the highest concentrations, followed by demersal and pelagic fish species. PCB and PCDD/F accumulation pattern in the samples analysed showed a distribution typically reported for marine samples. The mean weekly intake of toxic equivalency (TEQ) was estimated to be 0.84 pg TEQs/kg bw/week. The dioxin-like PCBs accounted for more than 77% of this intake, followed by PCDDs (15.5%) and PCDFs (13.1%). In general, the samples analysed in this survey can be considered safe with regard to the levels obtained and the in-force legislation, nevertheless the consumption of some species may be of significance importance for consumer health.     

Survey of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and oligomers in polyethylene terephthalate food-packaging materials

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is frequently used as a packaging material for beverage bottles, fruit and vegetable trays, and egg crates in Japan. Levels of formaldehyde (FA), acetaldehyde (AA) and PET oligomers in various PET food packaging were determined. PET samples were initially dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to derivatize formaldehyde and acetaldehyde to their dinitrophenylhydrazones. The stable derivatives along with the oligomers were analysed using HPLC with ultraviolet light detection at 360 and 254 nm, respectively. The PET pellets contained 3.5-12.4 µg g^-1 AA and 4.0-7.2 mg g^-1 oligomers, while FA was below the determination limit. FA, AA and oligomer levels in Japanese bottles were 0.6-3.0 µg g^-1, 8.4-25.7 µg g^-1 and 5.0-8.7 mg g^-1, ND-1.6 µg g^-1, 5.0-13.1 µg g^-1 and 4.9-8.2 mg g^-1 in French and Italian bottles, and ND-1.2 µg g^-1, 9.1-18.7 µg g^-1 and 5.6-8.0 mg g^-1 in US and Canadian bottles, respectively. Compared with European bottles, Japanese bottles contain higher FA and AA levels. In sheet-moulding products, their contents were determined as ND-1.1 µg g^-1, 11.5-43.1 µg g^-1 and 4.6-9.2 mg g^-1, respectively. The results show that sheet-moulding products contain lower FA and higher AA in comparison with bottles. FA and AA are considered to be generated from PET during the heating process for moulding the pellets to bottles or sheet-moulding articles and de-aeration during the sheet-moulding process is effective in removing FA. In contrast, the level of the oligomers remains unchanged during the moulding process from pellets to bottles or sheet products.     

罗汉果内生菌中产环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶菌株的筛选及产酶条件优化

从罗汉果内生菌中筛选高产环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶（CGTase）的菌株进行菌种鉴定,并对其产酶条件进行优化。利用CGTase快速筛选法从罗汉果内生菌中筛选获得一株高产CGTase的菌株,编号为ND-6,经形态学和分子生物学鉴定其为一株解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）。通过单因素和正交试验优化得到其产CGTase条件为1.0%环糊精作碳源,1.0%蛋白胨作氮源,初始pH值为8.0,装液量70 mL/250 mL,发酵温度40 ℃。在此优化条件下,菌株所产CGTase酶活达到9 753 U/mL,是优化前的1.43倍。     

原料淀粉中铝残留量的调查分析

目的了解我国原料淀粉中铝含量,为制定和完善淀粉制品的铝限量标准提供科学依据。方法随机抽取6类229份原料淀粉样品,按GB/T 5009.182—2003《面制食品中铝的测定》处理样品,检测铝含量并进行分析。结果原料淀粉中铝含量范围为ND~190.43 mg/kg,中位数为18.14 mg/kg,平均含量达到36.04 mg/kg,多数处于较低水平。不同种类的原料淀粉中铝含量差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中甘薯淀粉中的铝含量远高于其他原料淀粉,其含量平均值达到69.52 mg/kg,其中最大值为190.43 mg/kg。结论甘薯是富铝作物,建议加强对甘薯类淀粉制品的特殊监管。本研究初步了解了6类原料淀粉中的铝残留量,为制定和完善铝本底含量值标准提供依据。     

一起雪卡毒素中毒事件中裸胸鳝毒性的研究

目的研究厦门一起引发食物中毒的裸胸鳝毒性及种类,以预防雪卡毒素中毒。方法对中毒事件进行流行病学调查,采集裸胸鳝样品共5份,采用小鼠生物法、雪卡毒素免疫膜检测试剂盒检测毒性大小,高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定太平洋雪卡毒素(P-CTX-1),同时提取中毒鱼肉组织中的mtDNA,PCR技术扩增细胞色素b(Ctyb)后测序鉴定中毒鱼种。结果小鼠生物法试验检测5份样品,鱼肉毒性为无毒性(ND)～0.052 MU/g,内脏毒性为ND～0.23 MU/g;高效液相色谱-串联质谱法未检出P-CTX-1。5种鱼种经鉴定均为裸胸鳝属(Gymnothorax),其中中毒鱼种经基因测序为波纹裸胸鳝(Gymnothorax undulates)。结论引发该起食物中毒的是一种含有雪卡毒素的波纹裸胸鳝。     

黄酒中苯甲酸本底含量与溯源分析及初步风险评估

目的对黄酒中苯甲酸的本底含量进行调查与溯源分析,并对我国居民成年饮黄酒者的苯甲酸摄入量进行评估以了解其健康风险。方法从山东省、浙江省、江苏省、福建省、上海市等我国主要五大黄酒产区采集黄酒样品231份及其加工原料15份,并采用液相色谱法对其中苯甲酸及其前体物质的含量进行测定;采用苯甲醛和苯丙氨酸模拟试验以及实际样品加速试验对黄酒中苯甲酸的来源进行溯源分析;并采用简单分布评估方法对我国居民成年饮黄酒者的苯甲酸摄入量进行评估。结果黄酒中苯甲酸检出率为99.13%(229/231),含量范围为ND(未检出)～37.00 mg/L,均值为2.28 mg/L。其中,98份成品酒中,苯甲酸检出率为100.00%(98/98),含量范围为ND～1.60 mg/L,均值为0.52 mg/L;133份基础酒中,苯甲酸检出率为98.50%(131/133),含量范围为ND～37.00 mg/L,均值为3.58 mg/L。溯源分析结果显示,黄酒中苯甲酸主要来自加工原料带入、苯丙氨酸降解以及苯甲醛氧化生成。暴露评估结果显示,我国黄酒消费人群苯甲酸的平均暴露量为0.001 mg/kg BW,占每日允许摄入量(ADI)的0.02%;P95暴露量为0.005 mg/kg BW,占ADI的0.1%。结论黄酒中苯甲酸的检出率高但本底含量较低,其主要来源为加工原料带入、苯丙氨酸降解以及苯甲醛氧化生成;我国居民成年饮黄酒者的苯甲酸的暴露风险较低。     

Determination of acrylamide in foods by GC/MS using 13C-labeled acrylamide as an internal standard

A method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of acrylamide (AA) in foods. The method includes the addition of 13C-labeled acrylamide-1-13C (AA-1-13C) as an internal standard, extraction with water, bromination, clean-up with a Florisil cartridge column, dehydrobromination and GC/MS analysis in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. Bromination of AA to 2,3-dibromopropionamide (2,3-DBPA) was done using potassium bromide and potassium bromate under an acidic condition. 2,3-DBPA was converted to 2-bromopropenamide (2-BPA) by dehydrobromination with triethylamine before GC/MS analysis. The recoveries of AA from spiked potato chips, corn snack, pretzel and roasted tea were 97-105%, and their relative standard deviations were 0.8-3.9%. The detection limit of AA in foods was 9 ng/g. The method was applied to thirty-one foods purchased from retail markets. AA was found in potato chips at the level of 466-3,340 ng/g, and in other foods at the level of ND-520 ng/g.     

面包蟹中重金属镉的监测及健康风险评估

目的根据欧洲进口面包蟹中重金属镉的监测结果,对比面包蟹各个部位重金属镉的含量,对面包蟹中镉进行健康风险评估。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)对534批面包蟹全蟹和面包蟹各部位的重金属镉分别进行测定,根据国家食品安全风险评估中心的风险矩阵方法对面包蟹中镉进行健康风险等级评价。结果面包蟹中镉的平均含量为2.62 mg/kg,测得值在ND~23.4 mg/kg之间,面包蟹各部位中镉含量:肝胰腺蟹黄和蟹腮蟹身肉蟹钳肉和蟹腿肉,面包蟹镉的健康风险等级为中风险。结论欧洲部分海域面包蟹重金属镉污染严重,其中肝胰腺、蟹黄和蟹腮中镉含量最高,根据风险矩阵方法初步判断面包蟹中镉的健康风险等级为中风险。     

Occurrence and source of nitrosamines and secondary amines in groundwater and its adjacent Jialu River basin, China

The presence of mutagenic and carcinogenic nitrosamines in groundwater is of great concern. In this study, eight nitrosamines including N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP), N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine (NDPA), and N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine (NDBA) and corresponding secondary amines were investigated in shallow groundwater, river water, and wastewater samples collected from the Jialu River basin. The total concentrations of nitrosamines and secondary amines in groundwater were ND-101.1 ng/L and 0.36-4.38 μg/L, respectively. NDMA and its secondary amine DMA (44.7%/40.1%) were the predominant compounds in groundwater, followed by NDEA/DEA (21.7%/29.3%) and NDBA/DBA (26.4%/27.4%). Relatively high concentrations of these six compounds were also observed in river water that was influenced by the direct discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater. Using acesulfame as a quantitative population marker, the contribution of domestic sources to the concentrations of nitrosamines and secondary amines was 39-85% in downstream reaches of the Jialu River, and that of industrial sources was estimated to be 65-98% in other sites of the area. Both on-site leakage of domestic and industrial wastewater and leaching from river water would contribute to the occurrence of target pollutants in groundwater. The target pollutants posed a cancer risk of 4.12 × 10(-5) to the local populations due to the direct usage of groundwater as potable water.