压缩空气溶液除湿中不同除湿剂除湿性能比较

在压缩空气溶液除湿实验平台上,分别以LiBr和LiCl水溶液作为除湿剂,实验研究了两种溶液在压缩空气溶液除湿系统中的除湿性能。以溶液表面水蒸气分压力作为比较基准,压缩空气出口含湿量和除湿量作为除湿性能的评价指标,对二者的除湿能力进行比较分析。同时基于压缩空气溶液除湿器传热传质模型,结合实验数据,研究了LiBr、LiCl溶液与压缩空气间的传质系数大小以及变化规律。结果表明：在相同的处理工况下,采用LiCl溶液对压缩空气进行除湿能得到更低的空气出口含湿量和更高的除湿量,LiCl溶液除湿过程的传质系数也高于LiBr溶液,即在压缩空气溶液除湿系统中LiCl溶液具有更优的除湿能力和传质性能。     

两种盐溶液除湿器的建模与对比

描述了绝热型与内冷型两类平板溶液除湿器的结构特点,在盐溶液竖直降膜与湿空气顺流、充分发展的工况下,基于Navier-Stokes动量方程建立盐溶液与湿空气热、质传递过程耦合数学模型,以LiCl水溶液作为除湿剂,考虑气液界面处的剪切力边界条件,在恒壁温与绝热边界条件下,对两种具有相同尺寸规格的除湿器的除湿过程进行了数值模拟,得到沿高度方向上盐溶液温度、浓度和湿空气温度、含湿量的变化情况,并对两者在相同工况下进行对比,定量描述了两类除湿器在除湿性能上的差异.结果发现内冷型除湿器的出口溶液的温度更低,接近于冷却介质温度,而且处理后的湿空气的含湿量比绝热型除湿器低5.1 g·kg^-1,空气的出口温度也要低近10.5℃,但除湿溶液的浓度变化很小,进、出口浓度差不到1％.     

顺流型溶液与空气热质交换性能

在顺流型平板降膜热质交换测试装置上对氯化锂水溶液与湿空气除湿、再生性能进行了实验研究,结合NTU-Le模型,着眼于湿空气与溶液耦合热质交换特性,获取了顺流条件下不同空气流量、溶液流量、溶液温度工况的耦合传热传质系数随运行参数的变化情况。研究结果为相关过程模型验证提供可靠数据,同时也为相关设备性能分析与计算提供重要基础数据。     

Influence of osmotic drying with an aqueous poly(ethylene glycol) liquid desiccant on alumina objects gelcast with gelatin

Gelcasting and liquid desiccant drying are novel forming and drying methods used to mitigate common issues associated with the fabrication of complex advanced ceramic objects. In this study, the molecular weight and osmotic pressure of aqueous poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) desiccant solutions were simultaneously varied to understand their influence on the net mass loss rates of gelcast alumina samples prepared using gelatin as a gelling agent. Additionally, the amount of PEG diffusion and water diffusion to and from the ceramic samples after 150 min of immersion in the liquid desiccant was correlated to the solution properties as was the final bulk density of the sintered samples. Solutions with high molecular weight and low osmotic pressure resulted in low PEG gain and low water loss, while solutions with low molecular weight and high osmotic pressure resulted in high PEG gain and high water loss. In some cases, more than 40 wt% of the total water per sample was removed through the liquid desiccant drying process.     

溶液除湿冷却系统的火用分析

基于热力学第二定律建立了针对溶液除湿系统的火用分析模型,重点分析了空气和溶液进口参数对溶液除湿器性能（除湿器火用效率）的影响,并且对采用LiCl的溶液除湿冷却系统进行了部件分析。结果表明：（1）除湿器的火用效率影响因素中,空气速度和空气湿度影响最大,其次是溶液的温度和浓度,而空气进口温度和溶液流速的影响基本可以忽略;（2）在整个系统中,溶液-热水换热器的火用损失最大,占24.5%,其次是溶液-溶液热回收器和冷水-溶液换热器,分别占24.4%和22.8%,可见减小换热器的火用损是提高系统火用效率的关键。此研究对于明确改进溶液除湿空调的方向有重要意义。     

Modeling the effect of a superabsorbent polymer material as desiccant in maize drying using CFD

Maize is an important foodstuff in many countries, and one of most susceptible crops to mold and aflatoxin contamination, which results in considerable postharvest losses and is a burden to consumers’ health, especially in developing countries. The timely drying of harvested maize is essential to halt mold development, ensuring safe storage. The effect of the incorporation of a superabsorbent polymer (SAP) as desiccant in a maize dryer was studied using computational fluid dynamics simulations which accounted for heat and mass transfer between maize, SAP and air. The adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of a commercial SAP material were experimentally determined at different temperature and relative humidity levels, which served as basis for the adsorption model required in the simulations. A maize bulk with SAP packages distributed in it was modeled. Results showed that the SAP material increases the drying rate substantially, particularly in the upper bulk zone where the air reaching it is dehumidified the most. The maize closer to the upper bulk surface starts drying from the beginning of the process instead of lagging for hours or days before the drying front reaches it. An inconvenience of the SAP material is the tendency of granules to swell and stick together as moisture reaches a threshold, which may reduce its performance. Thus, provided this issue is resolved or minimized, SAP materials could successfully assist the rapid drying of maize and other crops. They may also be used during storage to avoid rewetting of the crops during periods of high relative humidity.     

膜式液体除湿器研究进展

膜式液体除湿技术可很好地解决传统气液直接接触填料塔式液体除湿技术中存在的除湿溶液液滴夹带问题。在膜式液体除湿技术中,湿空气和除湿溶液被半透膜隔离。该膜只允许水蒸气的透过,而严格阻止其它气体和液体的渗透。本文概述了膜式液体除湿器中常用膜材料和膜组件的研究进展,重点阐述了膜式液体除湿器中的热质共轭传递数学模型,展望了膜式液体除湿器的发展方向。容易发现,在膜材料方面,在防止溶液泄露的前提下,应降低膜内部湿传递阻力;在膜组件（膜除湿器）方面,文献中获得的流动与传热传质基本准则数为膜组件的设计和优化提供了理论依据,另外,可通过增加翅片、冷却盘管或使用椭圆形中空纤维管来强化组件除湿性能。     

用于液体除湿的椭圆中空纤维膜管束管间传递现象

研究了用于液体除湿的椭圆中空纤维膜管束管间纵向动量与热量传递现象。选择了四边形和三角形排列这两种规则排列管束中的两根纤维管和管间流体为研究对象,建立控制管间纵向流体流动与传热过程的偏微分方程,并采用贴体坐标转换法对控制方程进行有限容积离散与求解,获得了计算单元内的阻力系数和Nusselt数,分析了流道内局部Nusselt数的变化特征以及纤维管排布（三角形和四边形排列）、管径比、椭圆半轴比以及壁面边界条件（等壁温或等热通量边界）的影响。研究结果可为用于液体除湿的椭圆中空纤维膜管束的结构设计和性能评价提供基本理论及数据基础。     

明胶热风干燥特性的实验研究

采用静态法研究了明胶的平衡含湿质量分数,得到了20℃下吸湿和解吸等温线,结果表明,当空气相对湿度在16%—39%,存在吸湿滞后现象。在对流干燥实验台上进行了明胶干燥特性的实验,以不同厚度的明胶块为实验对象研究了热风温度、风速、湿度对干燥过程的影响。实验结果表明:明胶的干燥过程只有降速阶段,提高热风温度、加大风速均可以在前期提高干燥速率,但在干燥后期干燥速率反而降低;明胶块中心温度受胶块厚度、热风温度影响较大,而在实验范围内空气相对湿度的变化对明胶中心温度影响甚微;明胶的相对含湿质量分数随时间呈指数规律下降,提高风温、加大风速后明胶含湿质量分数在开始阶段下降较快,但最终含湿质量分数反而偏高。     

中空纤维膜管束液体除湿再生过程中的热湿耦合传递

研究了中空纤维膜管束液体除湿再生过程中的热湿耦合传递特性。选择了两根膜纤维管及其管内部溶液流和管间空气流作为研究对象,建立了控制流体流动与传热传质过程的偏微分方程,并采用有限容积离散方法和贴体坐标转换方法进行求解,获得了计算单元内的阻力系数、Nusselt数和Sherwood数,分析了耦合边界条件下的Nusselt数和Sherwood数与相应等壁温和等热流密度边界条件下的相应准则数之间的差异。这些研究结果可以为用于液体除湿再生过程的中空纤维膜管束构成的膜接触器的结构设计提供理论基础。     

不同干燥剂转轮的除湿性能

以除湿量和除湿性能系数作为评价指标, 对3个不同干燥剂转轮的除湿性能进行了实验研究。对比分析了处理空气入口温度和相对湿度、处理风速、再生风速、转轮转速以及再生温度对各个转轮的影响, 得到了转轮的除湿量和除湿性能系数的变化趋势。结果表明:在处理侧温度较高的情况下, 聚苯硫醚(PPS)/PPM各半转轮相比PPS硅胶转轮和PPM分子筛转轮, 除湿性能是最好的;PPS硅胶转轮更适用于高湿度工况环境;而处理风速的增大有利于提高PPM分子筛转轮的性能;再生温度从60℃提高到80℃, 3个转轮的除湿量和除湿性能系数增大1倍左右。     

温度、时间和尺寸对市政污泥热风干燥的综合影响

通过单因素实验和正交实验讨论了热风温度、干燥时间和试样尺寸对市政污泥热风干燥的综合影响。实验结果表明：热风温度为140—180℃时,干燥时间为20—40min,热风温度和试样尺寸对污泥热风干燥都有显著的影响,干燥时间的影响不明显。     

城市污水厂污泥热风与浸泡油炸干燥特性研究

在120-180℃下对污泥样品进行热风和浸泡油炸实验。结果表明,污泥热风干燥过程中存在"塑性结壳"现象,严重阻碍水分的向外迁移,降低干燥速率;污泥浸泡油炸过程不存在"塑性结壳"现象,干燥效率较高;经热风干燥后的样品热值仅为12.69 MJ/kg,而经油炸干化后,其热值达到21.56-24.08 MJ/kg,是一种高热值固体燃料。     

Dispersion polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole using siloxane-based and fluorine-based surfactants in compressed liquid dimethyl ether

Spherical poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) was synthesized by dispersion polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole (NVCA) in compressed liquid dimethyl ether (DME) using siloxane-based (PDMS-g-pyrrolidone carboxylic acid) (Monasil PCA™) and fluorine-based (poly(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate)) (poly(HDFDMA)) polymers as surfactants and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator. Spherical and relatively uniform PVK particles can be produced even at 20 bar.     

Effect of infrared pretreatment on low-humidity air drying of apple slices

The dried apple is used in the preparation of weaning foods and bakery products. The current drying processes, especially hot air (HA) drying, still face the problem of longer processing time and product quality degradation. The low-humidity air (LHA) drying can be an option to retain product quality in heat-sensitive food such as apple. The present work focuses on the effect of pretreatment of apple slices with potassium metabisulfite and infrared (IR) waves on drying characteristics when subjected to LHA drying and comparing the product quality with conventional hot air and freeze drying (FD). Pretreatment with IR waves reduced the drying time by nearly 23 and 17% in LHA and HA drying, respectively. The results indicated that IR-treated and LHA-dried slices retained nearly 82–90 and 72–74% of ascorbic acid and total phenolic content, respectively and was comparable to FD slices. The drying time for LHA was nearly 37% lesser than that for HA drying. LHA-dried apple slices had better color and rehydration ratio compared to FD- and HA-dried slices.     

氯化锂－水吸附式再循环型空调制冷系统性能研究

对氯化锂－水吸附式空调系统在再循环运行方式下的性能进行了模拟。分析了再生温度、热交换器效率及蒸发冷却器效率对性能的影响。与开式通风型空调制冷系统的制冷性能相比，再循环型空调制冷系统的制冷能力较大，但性能系数ＣＯＰ较小     

Experimental Investigations on the Performance of a Packed Bed Dehumidifier for Various Climatic Conditions

To simulate space cooling or drying systems for various geographical regions (low, moderate, and high humidity regions) a liquid desiccant system consisting of a humidifier and dehumidifier has been designed and constructed. This system consists of two coupled humidifying and dehumidifying packed columns filled with plastic Intalox Snowflake packing material. Experimental measurements of the dehumidifier performance utilizing a new effective liquid desiccant mixture (CELD) total desiccant salt content 40%wt.to 45%wt (salt comprised of equal portions by weight of lithium chloride and calcium chloride ), have. been carried out, The effect of different independent variables such as packing height, air inlet temperature and humidity ratio, and liquid desiccant inlet temperature, flow rate and concentration on the performance of the dehumidifier has been investigated. Experimental results demonstrate that the CELD is a promising desiccant for cooling and drying operations.     

Experimental Investigations on the Performance of a Packed Bed Dehumidifier for Various Climatic Conditions

ABSTRACT

To simulate space cooling or drying systems for various geographical regions (low, moderate, and high humidity regions) a liquid desiccant system consisting of a humidifier and dehumidifier has been designed and constructed. This system consists of two coupled humidifying and dehumidifying packed columns filled with plastic Intalox Snowflake packing material. Experimental measurements of the dehumidifier performance utilizing a new effective liquid desiccant mixture (CELD) total desiccant salt content 40%wt.to 45%wt (salt comprised of equal portions by weight of lithium chloride and calcium chloride ), have. been carried out, The effect of different independent variables such as packing height, air inlet temperature and humidity ratio, and liquid desiccant inlet temperature, flow rate and concentration on the performance of the dehumidifier has been investigated. Experimental results demonstrate that the CELD is a promising desiccant for cooling and drying operations.     

Experimental investigation of a desiccant dehumidifier based on evacuated tube solar collector with a PCM storage unit

A rotary desiccant dehumidifier based on an evacuated tube solar air collector with a phase change material (PCM) storage unit has been experimentally investigated. The PCM (acetamide) simultaneously stores and transfers the heat to the air during day hours. The stored heat of the PCM is utilized to produce hot air during night hours. The performance of the system is analyzed for different air flow rates at different rotational speeds (rph) of desiccant wheel. The dehumidification effectiveness (?_A), regeneration effectiveness (?_R), and dehumidification coefficient of performance are 8.17, 10.35, and 0.0327%, respectively, at 16 rph of the desiccant wheel with 127.23?kg/h air flow rate. The system is also used to generate dry air for 14?h a day with PCM, which shows that acetamide used as the PCM has an ability to store an adequate amount of heat to regenerate the desiccant wheel during off-sunshine hours.     

氯化锂－水吸附式再循环型空调制冷系统性能研究

对氯化锂－水吸附式空调系统在再循环运行方式下的性能进行了模拟。分析了再生温度、热交换器效率及蒸发冷却器效率对性能的影响。与开式通风型空调制冷系统的制冷性能相比，再循环型空调制冷系统的制冷能力较大，但性能系数ＣＯＰ较小