共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Wioletta Kuncewicz-Kupczyk Dietmar Kobertz Miroslaw Miller Christian Chatillon Lorenz Singheiser Klaus Hilpert 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2002,85(9):2299-2305
The vaporization of the samples of the compositions Ga2 O3 + LaGaO3 , LaGaO3 + La4 Ga2 O9 , and La4 Ga2 O9 + La2 O3 was investigated using Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry in the temperature range 1494–1937 K. The partial pressures of the gaseous species O2 , Ga, GaO, Ga2 O, and LaO were determined over the samples investigated. The equilibrium partial pressures were used for the calculation of the thermodynamic activities of the components at 1700 K. Gibbs energies of formation of LaGaO3 ( s ) and La4 Ga2 O9 ( s ) at 1700 K from the component oxides were derived from the thermodynamic activities as −46.4 ± 4.7 and −99.2 ± 7.9 kJ·mol−1 , respectively. The results were compared with the literature data obtained using other methods. 相似文献
2.
YASUO SHIBASAKI FUMIKAZU KANAMARU MITSUE KOIZUMI SHOICHI KUME † 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1973,56(5):248-249
The phase boundary between CrO2 and Cr2 O3 was reinvestigated under high O2 pressures by using a new type of gas compressor. The boundary curve can be represented as log Po2 = 7.16-(3579/ T ). Using the observed data, Δ G °, Δ H °, and Δ S ° for the reaction 2CrO2 ⇋Cr2 O3 +½O2 were calculated to be: Δ G °= -(1.55/100) T +7.60 kcal/mol, Δ H °= -8.19 kcal/mol, and Δ S °= (-15.8/ T )+0.0155 kcal/mol. 相似文献
3.
Thermodynamic Properties of the System Indium-Oxygen 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The free-energy change for the reaction 2In( l )+3NiO( s ) = In2 O3 ( s )+3Ni( s ) was determined from 550° to 800°C from emf measurements on solid-oxide galvanic cells. The results were used to develop an equation for the standard molar free energy of formation of In2 O3 , i.e. ΔG°ln2 O3 = -215,550+72.63 T ±450 cal/ mol. The standard molar enthalpy and entropy of formation of In2 O3 at 298°K were calculated to be -214,000±1500 cal/mol and -69.03±o0.22 eu, respectively, using the available thermo-chemical data. The absolute entropy of In2 O3 at 298°K was calculated to be 32.23±0.22 eu. The free-energy results of this study were used in conjunction with literature data to calculate partial pressures of the gaseous species over In2 O3 for different experimental conditions. 相似文献
4.
K. Swaminathan C. Mallika O. M. Sreedharan 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1987,70(7):168-C
The emf of the galvanic cell Pt|UMoO6 UMoO5 |ZrO2 -Y2 O3 |O2 (air, Po2 =0.21 atm)|Pt, measured from 776 to 1127 K, was determined to be E = 751.7−0.4909 ±4.3 mV. Using the standard Gibbs energy of formation, f ΔG°, for UMoO6 reported in the literature from transpiration studies, the f ΔG° for UMoO5 is calculated to be f ΔG°〈UMoO5 〉=−1816.9+0.3748T±6.0 U-mol−1 The magnitudes of the standard entropies of formation, f ΔS°, for UMoO6 and UMoO5 were evaluated from those values reported for the binary oxides which constitute the ternary compounds. 相似文献
5.
The phase diagram for the CuO-rich part of the La2 O3 ─CuO join was redetermined. La2 Cu2 O5 was found to have a lower limit of stability at 1002°± 5°C and an incongruent melting temperature of ∼1035°C. LagCu7 O19 had both a lower (1012°± 5°C) and an upper (1027°± 5°C) limit of stability. Subsolidus phase relations were studied in the La2 O3 ─CuO─CaO system at 1000°, 1020°, and 1050°C in air. Two ternary phases, La1.9 Ca1.1 Cu2 O5.9 and LaCa2 Cu3 O8.6 , were stable at these temperatures, with three binary phases, Ca2 CuO3 , CaCu2 O3 , and La2 CuO4 . La2 Cu2 O5 and La8 Cu7 O19 were stable only at 1020°C, and did not support solid-solution formation. 相似文献
6.
The vaporization of EuN was studied by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry with Mo Knudsen cells of 0.010 and 0.020 in. orifice diameter. Europium nitride has a narrow N-deficient homogeneity range and vaporizes congruently by dissociation into Eu vapor and N2 . No gaseous EuN was observed. The second-law enthalpy change for the reaction EuN1- x ( s ) = Eu(g) + [(1- x )/2]N2 (g), where x is very small, was Δ H 0 298 = 94±6 kcal (393.3±25.1 kJ). In conjunction with the heat of vaporization of Eu, the standard heat of formation of EuN, Δ H 0 f.298 =–52±6 kcal mol−1 (217.6±25.1 kJ mol−1 ), was obtained. 相似文献
7.
Sergey V. Ushakov Alexandra Navrotsky Jean A. Tangeman Katheryn B. Helean 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2007,90(4):1171-1176
Aerodynamic levitation combined with laser heating was used to prepare melts in the HfO2 –La2 O3 (–Gd2 O3 ) systems. All melts crystallized upon quenching in oxygen. Hf2 La2 O7 pyrochlore and Gd0.5 Hf0.5 O1.75 fluorite phases were identified. Gd0.5 Hf0.5 O1.75 fluorite was transformed into the pyrochlore structure by annealing at 1450°C. Pyrochlore that crystallized from HfO2 - La2 O3 melts contained 31.6–34.2 mol% La2 O3 . The unit cell parameter increased linearly with La content from 10.736 to 10.789 Å. Drop solution calorimetric experiments were performed in 3Na2 O·4MoO3 melt at 702°C. The enthalpies of formation from the oxides for pyrochlore phases are −107.0±5.0 kJ/mol for Hf2 La2 O7 and −48.8±4.7 kJ/mol for Hf2 Gd2 O7 . The enthalpy of the pyrochlore–fluorite phase transition in Hf2 Gd2 O7 is 23.6±3.1 kJ/mol. 相似文献
8.
The vaporization of the system MgO-Cr2 O3 was studied in a vacuum of 10−5 torr (10−3 N/m2 ) at 1500° to 1700°C using the Langmuir and Knudsen methods. It was found that the phases in the system vaporize nearly congruently and the logarithm of the vaporization coefficient, α, of MgCr2 O4 increases linearly with increasing reciprocal temperature. Alpha tends to unity at a temperature near the melting point (2525±23°C). The additivity rule can be applied to the Langmuir vaporization rates on the basis of the surface area ratios of the phases in the 2-phase system MgO-Cr2 O3 . The enthalpies of vaporization of MgCr2 O4 were 695.0 and 549.2 kcaVmol for activated and equilibrium processes, respectively. 相似文献
9.
Hae Jin Hwang Seunghun Lee Eun A Lee Ji-Woong Moon Yongho Lim 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2005,88(11):3275-3278
In this study, a dense strontium-doped lanthanum chromite (La0.8 Sr0.2 CrO3 , LSC) thin layer was designed to protect a stainless-steel (SUS430) substrate from carbon deposition. The LSC layer was coated onto an SUS430 substrate by a dipping technique from a precursor solution of La, Sr and Cr nitrates, acetylacetone (acac), and 2-methoxyethanol. The effect of AcAc on the phase behavior and microstructure evolution of the LSC thin films was investigated. After being heat-treated at 800°C in air, the thin film was found to consist of perovskite LaCrO3 , Mn1.5 Cr1.5 O4 , and Cr2 O3 phases. The addition of a chelating agent, acac, to the precursor solution led to a reduction in the formation of the strontium chromite (SrCrO4 ) phase. As a consequence, a thin film having a dense microstructure could be obtained. It was confirmed by Fourier-tranform Raman spectroscopic analysis and FESEM observations that the carbon deposited on the uncoated SUS430 substrate was amorphous with a spherical morphology. The LSC thin film thus obtained was found to be very effective at preventing carbon deposition when it was heat-treated under a dry hydrocarbon atmosphere. 相似文献
10.
ERNEST M. LEVIN CARL R. ROBBINS JON L. WARING 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1961,44(2):87-91
The phase equilibrium diagram for the system La2 O3 -B2 O3 has been determined experimentally. The compounds La2 O3 -3B2 O3 and La2 O3 -B2 O3 melt congruently at 1141°± 5°C. and 1660°± 15°C, respectively. At 1488°± 5°C, La2 O3 -B2 O3 inverts from the aragonite-type structure to a high-temperature form. Trilanthanum borate, 3La2 O3 B2 O3 , melts incongruently at 1386°± 5°C. to give liquid and La2 O3 . No solid solutions exist in the system. A region of liquid immiscibility exists in the system and extends at 1136°± 5°C. from almost pure B2 O3 to 21.5 mole % La2 O3 . The experimental value for the extent of immiscibility agrees with that calculated from theoretical considerations. A second method for estimating immiscibility in the system is demonstrated, which requires experimentally only the determination of the index of refraction of the modifier-rich liquid. Principles governing immiscibility are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Subsolidus phase relations in the La2 O3 –BaO–CuO system were studied at 950°C. Three previously reported binary compounds exist (La2 CuO4 , BaLa2 O4 , and BaCuO2 ) and five previously reported ternary phases occur (La2-x Bax CuO4-(x/2)+δ , La4-2x Ba2+2x Cu2-x O10-2x , La2-x Ba1+x Cu2 O6-(x-2) , La3-x Ba3+x Cu6 O14±δ , and La4 BaCu5 O13+δ ). Of the seven phases in the diagram, all but BaLa2 O4 , BaCuO2 , and La4 BaCu5 O13+δ were shown to exhibit significant ranges of solubility. The diagram is important in that both >30 K (La2-x Bax CuO4-(x/2)+δ ) and >90 K (La3-x Ba3+x Cu6 O14+δ , x=1) superconductors occur. 相似文献
12.
S. N. TRIPATHI G. CHATTOPADHYAY A. S. KERKAR M. S. CHANDRASEKHARAIAH 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1985,68(5):232-235
The equilibrium vaporization of UMoO6 (s) in dry air was studied by the transpiration method in the temperature interval 1110°≤ T (K) ≤ 1250°. Apparent pressure of the trimer measured over the two-phase mixture UMoO6 + U3 O8 , with dry air as the carrier gas, was used to calculate the partial pressure of the trimer, (MoO3 )3 (g). In accordance with the vaporization reaction (UMoO6 ) = 1/3(U3 O8 ) + 1/6(MoO3 )3 (g) + 1/6O2 (g), the free energy of formation of UMoO6 )(s) is given by (δ G° in kJ-mol−1 ) δ G° (UMoO6 ) = (−1962 ± 10) + (0.463 ± 0.008) T 相似文献
13.
The quenching technique has been used to determine equilibrium relations in the system manganese oxide-Cr2 O3 in air in the temperature range 600° to 1980°C. The following isobaric invariant situations have been determined: At 910°± 5°C tetragonal Mn3 O4 solid solution, cubic Mn3 O4 solid solution (=spinel), Mn2 O3 solid solution, and gas coexist in equilibrium. Cubic Mn3 O4 solid solution, Cr2 O3 solid solution, liquid, and gas are present together in equilibrium at 1970°± 20°C. The invariant situation at which cubic Mn3 O4 solid solution, Mn2 O3 solid solution, Cr2 O3 solid solution, and gas exist together in equilibrium is below 600°C. 相似文献
14.
Hilde Lea Lein Kjell Wiik Mari-ann Einarsrud Tor Grande Edgar Lara-curzio 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2006,89(9):2895-2898
Steady-state compressive creep rate of La0.5 Sr0.5 Fe0.5 Co0.5 O3−δ (LSFC) and La0.5 Sr0.5 CoO3−δ (LSC) is reported in the temperature region 900°–1050°C and stress range 5–28 MPa. The stress exponents for the two materials were 1.71±0.18 and 1.24±0.15, respectively. The activation energy for creep was considerably higher for LSC (619±56 kJ/mol) than for LSFC (392±28 kJ/mol). The grain size exponent for LSC was 1.28±0.14. Considerably higher creep rates were observed for both materials in N2 compared with air. Relaxation by creep of chemical-induced stresses in oxygen-permeable membranes is addressed, especially at low partial pressure of oxygen. 相似文献
15.
Shingo Hirano Masaru Yoshinaka Ken Hirota Osamu Yamaguchi 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1996,79(1):171-176
In the ZrO2 -Cr2 O3 system, metastable t -ZrO2 solid solutions containing up to 11 mol% Cr2 O3 crystallize at low temperatures from amorphous materials prepared by the hydrazine method. The lattice parameter c decreases linearly from 0.5149 to 0.5077 nm with increased Cr2 O3 content, whereas the lattice parameter a is a constant value ( a = 0.5077 nm) regardless of the starting composition. At higher temperatures, transformation (decomposition) of the solid solutions proceeds in the following way: t (ss)→ t (ss) + m + Cr2 O3 → m + Cr2 O3 . Above 11 mol% Cr2 O3 addition, c-ZrO2 phases are formed in the presence of Cr2 O3 . The t -ZrO2 solid solution powders have been characterized for particle size, shape, and surface area. They consist of very fine particles (15–30 nm) showing thin platelike morphology. Dense ZrO2 (3Y)-Cr2 O3 composite ceramics (∼99.7% of theoretical) with an average grain size of 0.3 μm have been fabricated by hot isostatic pressing for 2 h at 1400°C and 196 MPa. Their fracture toughness increases with increased Cr2 O3 content. The highest K Ic value of 9.5 MPa·;m1/2 is achieved in the composite ceramics containing 10 mol% Cr2 O3 . 相似文献
16.
Knudsen effusion studies were conducted on CdO(s) in fused-SiO2 Knudsen cells from 889 to 1110 K. The orifice size was varied; the largest cell orifice yielded a calculated pressure significantly lower than could be accounted for by experimental error. Average-slope- and average-free-energy-function-based values of Δ H c 298 were 86.9 ± 1.1 and 88.8 ± 0.5 kcal/mol, respectively. The data from the present work were combined with those of previous investigators using a method discussed by McCreary and Thorn; a Δ H c 298 of 88.2 ± 0.2 kcal/mol was obtained. Using this combined value for Δ H c 298 and ΔSc 298 = 51.40 ± 0.1 eu (obtained from the literature), the equilibrium constant for the reaction CdO(s)= Cd(g)+ 1/2 O2 (g) at 900 to 1380 K was calculated to be log K = 10.6-18,800(I/T). 相似文献
17.
R. R. DAYAL R. E. JOHNSON† ARNULF MUAN‡ 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1967,50(10):537-540
The free energy of reaction for the formation of mullite from its oxide components was derived from equilibrium studies in the system CoO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 . Within this system there appears, at solidus temperature in a certain composition area, the phase assemblage mullite + silica + spinel (= cobalt aluminate) + liquid. Determination of the oxygen pressure of a gas phase at which metallic cobalt precipitates from this phase assemblage and from the phase assemblage spinel (= cobalt aluminate) + corundum in the system CoO-Al2 O3 permits calculation of ΔG° for the reaction 3Al2 O3 + 2SiO2 = Al6 Si2 O13 . The value obtained at 1422°C is -5.8 kcal. 相似文献
18.
Porous Cr3 C2 grains (∼300 to 500 μm) with ∼10 wt% of Cr2 O3 were prepared by heating a mixture of MgCr2 O4 grains and graphite powder at 1450° to 1650°C for 2 h in an Al2 O3 crucible covered by an Al2 O3 lid with a hole in the center. The porous Cr3 C2 grains exhibited a three-dimensional network skeleton structure. The mean open pore diameter and the specific surface area of the porous grains formed at 1600°C for 2 h were ∼3.5 (μm and ∼6.7 m2 /g, respectively. The present work investigated the morphology and the formation conditions of the porous Cr3 C2 grains, and this paper will discuss the formation mechanism of those grains in terms of chemical thermodynamics. 相似文献
19.
The weight loss of Cr2 O3 in oxidizing environments (Po2 = 1 to 10−3 atm) at 1200°C was measured. Both hot-pressed and sintered Cr2 O3 pellets were investigated in O2 /Ar gas mixtures, and the dependence of the weight loss on the O2 partial pressure, the gas flow rate, and the total pressure was determined independently. The experimentally determined O2 partial pressure dependence (rate ∝ PO2 3/4 ) corresponds to that expected for the reaction Cr2 O3 (s)+3/2O2 ⇌2CrO3 (g). The flow rate and total pressure dependencies show that mass transport through a gaseous boundary layer is the rate-controlling step in the oxidation/vaporization of Cr2 O3 . Evaporation coefficients for the loss of CrO3 (g) under the experimental conditions were <0.01. 相似文献
20.
Activity–composition relations of FeCr2 O4 –FeAl2 O4 and MnCr2 O4 –MnAl2 O4 solid solutions were derived from activity–composition relations of Cr2 O3 –Al2 O3 solid solutions and directions of conjugation lines between coexisting spinel and sesquioxide phases in the systems FeO–Cr2 O3 –Al2 O3 and MnO–Cr2 O3 –Al2 O3 . Moderate positive deviations from ideality were observed. 相似文献