浅谈英语教学中语境与语法的功能

目前，我国大中小学的英语语法教学现状是：不少的学习者不能或很少会对英语语法进行再思考，学习者在学习英语语法之后，往往只能机械地运用语法的结构与功能应付考试和阅读理解，而不善于充分运用语法的内涵表意功能进行口笔语交际。所以，如何使语法教学交际化，如何帮助学生将语言知识转化为交际能力，是我们语言教师的一大任务。     

英语语法的教学策略

在推进大学英语教学改革的今天,提高学生的美语运用能力,重视语法教学,改善语法教学是提高学生英语运用能力必不可少的.认识语言的规律,运用语言知识规则进行交际,活用语言规则才算是真正掌握了语言规则.     

教学交际性原则与高职课堂英语交际教学

人们学习语言的目的是为了交际,而不是为了显示可以记住各种各样的语法或语音规则.英语教学的目的就是培养和发展学生使用这种交际工具的能力.在高职英语课堂教学中贯彻交际性原则并实施交际教学是本文探讨的重点.     

交际法语言教学下的音体美大学英语交际互动课堂

语言是交际的工具,交际法注重培养学生的交际能力,交际能力的掌握是语言训练的目的,交际能力的核心是使学生能够运用所学语言在不同场合中对不同对象进行有效的、得体的交际.这种重视运用能力培养的交际教学法在教学界越发引起了足够的重视.本文从教学各环节分析了交际法在我国音体美大学英语教学中所起的作用及存在的问题,认为对交际法不可盲从,而应结合我国音体美大学英语教学的实际及各种教学方法,创造条件,使之更好地发挥作用.交际互动课堂是很有效的交际法教学模式.     

英语教学应强调语感训练

外语课不是纯知识课,而是言语实践课。语言是人们传递信息、交流情感和思想的工具,语言的交际功能是语言的本质属性,培养学生运用英语进行交际的能力是外语教学的最终目的。而如何运用英语进行交际,语感的强弱又占据着重要的位置。不仅要让学生学习语言知识,而且更要发展学生听、说、读、写的基本技能,注意寓语感训练于教学之中。     

浅谈对外汉语教学中的语法教学技巧

本文针对对外汉语教学中容易遇到的语法教学问题,提出几种语法教学与训练的方法,比如句型记忆与替换练习法、造句与翻译练习法、交际会话练习法等,这些方法可以使学生对抽象的语法概念有一个具体的认识,快速提高学生的语言运用能力.     

如何提高农村中学生的英语口语交际能力

交际能力是语言学习的基本目标.英语作为一门语言工具的学科,重在培养学生灵活运用语言的能力,在训练学生正确、得体、灵活运用所学语言的过程中促进学生交际能力的发展.     

新课程标准下的高中英语语法教学

在以培养语言交际能力为主的素质教育背景下,一些英语教师误认为现在的中学英语教学中语言基础知识教学特别是语法教学已经不重要了,但实际上语法教学是帮助学生学得语言规则,帮助其习得外语的,从而提高语言运用能力.所以英语教师在实践中要坚持实践性、针对性、渐进性等原则,注意理解记忆学习法、归纳总结学习法、任务式学习法等具体教学要求,摆正语法教学在整个英语教学中的地位.     

浅谈中学英语写作教学中存在的问题及对策

英语写作是英语语言的一种综合性表达方式,它涉及造句、语法知识、逻辑思维等.在教学中应充分利用教材中出现的词汇、句型及语法,把词汇教学、句型教学和语法教学相结合来训练学生的英语表达能力.     

关于大学生英语写作的思考

英语写作历来是英语学习者的弱项,对于大学生来说虽然他们已经具备了一定的语法知识和语言能力,但他们的作文大多都充满了汉语腔.影响大学生英语写作的因素多种多样,其中主要有两个:语言因素和文化因素.有不少人认为是掌握的语言基础知识不足导致的学生写作能力差,也有不少人认为是丈化差异导致的结果.思维模式差异是文化差异的体现,此类研究已经明显成为跨文化交际的一个重要领域.在语言教学中,教师不仅仅把自己局限在分析语言结构中,如音韵、词汇和语法,同时也进行了不同的文化背景的研究,并进行对比分析.本文将对影响大学生写作的多种因素进行分析比较,达到促进英语的教与学的目的.     

Unconscious knowledge of artificial grammars is applied strategically.

The criteria by which incidentally acquired knowledge of an artificial grammar (A. S. Reber, 1967) could be unconscious was explored in 5 experiments. Participants trained on an artificial grammar lacked metaknowledge of their knowledge: Participants classified substantially above chance even when they believed that they were literally guessing, and, under some conditions, participants' confidence in incorrect decisions was just as great as their confidence in correct decisions. However, participants had a large degree of strategic control over their knowledge: Participants trained on 2 grammars could decide which grammar to apply in a test phase, and there was no detectable tendency for participants to apply the other grammar. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Does learning about the mathematics of gambling change gambling behavior?

The present research examined the influence of improved knowledge of odds and mathematical expectation on the gambling behavior of university students. A group of 198 students in an introductory statistics class received instruction on probability theory using examples from gambling. A comparison group of 134 students received generic instruction on probability, and another group of 138 students in classes on unrelated topics received no mathematical instruction. Students receiving the intervention demonstrated superior ability to calculate gambling odds as well as resistance to gambling fallacies 6 months after the intervention. Unexpectedly, this improvement in knowledge and skill was not associated with any decreases in actual gambling behavior. The implication of this research is that enhanced mathematical knowledge on its own may be insufficient to change gambling behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Impaired implicit learning in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia patients consistently show deficits on tasks of explicit learning and memory. In contrast, their performance on implicit processing tasks often appears to be relatively intact, although most studies have focused on implicit learning of motor skills. This study evaluated implicit learning in 59 medicated schizophrenia outpatients and 43 controls using 2 different cognitive skill tasks. Participants completed a probabilistic classification task to assess procedural habit learning and an artificial grammar task to assess incidental learning of complex rule-based knowledge, as well as an explicit verbal learning and memory task. In addition to performing worse than controls on the explicit learning task, patients showed worse overall performance on the probabilistic classification task, which involves gradual learning through trial-by-trial performance feedback. However, patients and controls showed similar levels of learning on the artificial grammar task, suggesting a preserved ability to acquire complex rule-based knowledge in the absence of performance feedback. Discussion focuses on possible explanations for schizophrenia patients' poor probabilistic classification task performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Deciding where knowledge comes from depends on where you look.

The purpose of this investigation was to replicate the findings of K. E. Stanovich and A. E. Cunningham (1993) concerning the antecedents of declarative knowledge, using different measures of general ability and TV exposure. In addition, the authors were interested in the relationship between epistemological knowledge and these measures. Ninety-seven introductory psychology students participated. Results showed that measures of both general ability and TV exposure exhibited a stronger relationship to declarative knowledge than that found by K. E. Stanovich and A. E. Cunningham. These differences in results concerning TV exposure were explained by suggesting the possibility that watching educational TV increases literacy whereas watching noneducational TV may actually limit it. The epistemological beliefs of simple and certain knowledge were statistically related to composites of knowledge, ability, and both types of exposure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Abstractness of implicit grammar knowledge: Comments on Perruchet and Pacteau's analysis of synthetic grammar learning.

On the basis of 3 experiments, P. Perruchet and C. Pacteau (see record 1991-00329-001) argued that implicitly acquired knowledge of a synthetic grammar consists of little more than knowledge of pairwise associations between pairs of letters in the grammar. By comparing their results with a study by R. C. Mathews et al (see record 1990-03549-001), it is argued that (a) implicitly acquired knowledge is much richer and more abstract than suggested by Perruchet and Pacteau, (b) their recognition measures are less sensitive than the recall measures of Mathews et al for detecting conscious awareness of implicit knowledge, and (c) fragmentary knowledge of a grammar constitutes abstract rules that enable performance of complex tasks when integrated into a system for combining knowledge across rules. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Not evidence for separable controlled and automatic influences in artificial grammar learning: Comment on Higham, Vokey, and Pritchard (2000).

P. A. Higham, J. R. Vokey, and J. L. Pritchard (see record 2000-16324-006) claimed to provide evidence for separable controlled and automatic processes in artificial grammar learning. It is argued that their results are compatible with a single controlled influence: Participants might mistakenly identify more grammatical items than nongrammmatical items as belonging to the other grammar, because the grammars are very similar to each other, and the nongrammatical items are relatively highly dissimilar. Participants' knowledge may be ambiguous, rather than automatic. It is further argued that even if Higham et al's data do support automatic effects, opposition logic, in this case, cannot be said to have succeeded where dissociation logic has failed, because it is used to address the issue of whether participants have conscious control over the knowledge they acquire, rather than whether they possess conscious awareness of that knowledge. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

英语教学中的翻译

引导学生适当利用固有的本族语优势学习英语.在课堂教学中,口语翻译是经常采用的操练方法,其中以英译汉为主,汉译英为辅.英译汉主要检测学生对英语词汇、语法等语言现象的领会能力,汉译英主要培养学生对英语词汇、语法等语言项目的复用能力.     

谈认知语言学在英语语法教学中的应用

以认知语言学为理论框架,采用定性描述和例证法,从概念、意义、兴趣等认知因素思考英语语法教学,认为教师应在实际教学过程中力求把抽象概念、规则具体化,让看似复杂抽象的语法现象变得浅显易懂且容易为学生接受和记住,调动学生学习语法的积极性和能动性,提高学生语法学习的效果。     

Epistemological development and academic performance among secondary students.

This is an investigation of the development of secondary students' beliefs about the nature of knowledge and learning, or epistemological beliefs, and the influence that these beliefs have on academic performance. An epistemological questionnaire that assesses students' beliefs about simple knowledge, certain knowledge, quick learning, and fixed ability to learn was modified and administered to more than 1,000 high school students. Factor analysis of students' responses replicated the factor structure found in previous research. Differences in epistemological beliefs among students across the high school years and between genders were examined. Belief in simple knowledge, certain knowledge, and quick learning decreased from freshman to senior year. Girls were less likely to believe in quick learning and fixed ability. Students' GPA was regressed on epistemological factors. The less students believed in quick learning, the higher the GPA they earned. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthetic grammar learning: Implicit rule abstraction or explicit fragmentary knowledge?

3 experiments were designed to demonstrate that classifying new letter strings as grammatical (i.e., conforming to a set of rules called a synthetic grammar) or ungrammatical may proceed from fragmentary conscious knowledge of the bigrams constituting the grammatical strings displayed in the study phase, rather than from an unconscious structured representation of the grammar, as A. S. Reber (see record 1989-38920-001) contended. In Experiment 1, grammaticality judgments of subjects initially studying grammatical letter strings did not differ from judgments by subjects learning from a list of the bigrams making up these strings. In Experiment 2, judgments about nongrammatical strings composed of valid bigrams placed in invalid locations were extremely poor, although better than chance. In Experiment 3 the explicit knowledge of bigrams as assessed by a recognition procedure appeared sufficient to account for observed performance on a standard test of grammaticality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)