浅析新时期班务工作的管理

班级管理的过程是陶冶人格的过程.班主任具备了一定的专业修养,就会在班级管理中培养学生健康稳定的心态和健全的人格,从而实现班级管理的终极目的.初中班主任的角色是组织者也是教育管理者,同时更是学生在成长过程中的引导者.因而对于初中班主任来说,班务管理质量的好坏对班级的影响是极其关键的.     

如何开展小学班主任工作

在我国的班级授课制度下,在教育学生"学会生存、学会学习、学会关心、学会做事、学会生活"的过程中,小学班主任工作的内容是复杂的,任务是繁重的.     

班主任队伍管理之我见

班级是学校的细胞，也是一个小社会。学校的教育、教学任务都是在班级里完成的，所谓“千根线、一根针”就是这个道理。班级的状况又往往决定了学校的状况，良好班风的叠加则形成良好的校风。而班主任作为班级的领导者、管理者，肩负着几十名学生全面发展，健康成长的重任。班主任的工作、言行，对学生一生的生活道路产生重大影响。班主任队伍是学校德育工作的常规军和主力部队，     

浅谈职业学校班级制度与班级文化的发展

班级是学生成长的一个重要的小环境.而在这个环境里,文化对于学生的行为有着重要的塑造、约束和激励作用.班级文化包括班级的精神、制度和物质几个层面的因素.其中,班级制度以口头或书面的形式展示,并为全体成员所接受即形成班规.班规是班级制度文化的一种体现,对班规的分析有助于了解当前班级制度文化的发展与存在的不足.不少的班级都将班规贴在教室的墙上.笔者收集和研究了一些职业学校班级的班规.总体上看,这些班规都不同程度地体现了当前班级制度文化的发展.班级制度文化的发展主要体现在班规民主性与规范性的增强.     

努力构建和谐的班级文化

班级文化是指班级成员在班主任引导下,朝着班级目标迈进过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和,它在一个班级中是客观存在的.班级文化是影响学生成长的重要因素.事实表明,在同一校园文化中,不同的班级间存在着一定的文化差异.这种差异,不但体现了不同班级间的个性特征,更反映了各班级间发展水平的差异.加强班级文化建设,努力营造积极、健康向上的班级文化,已成为中职学校提高班级管理水平和促进学生全面发展的一个重要举措.     

如何当好一名低年级班主任

班主任工作千头万绪、方法也是千差万别。身为一个班级管理者只要严格地要求自己，起好班级带头人的作用，就能具有很强的说服力和班级凝聚力。由此可见二十一世纪的班主任责任重大、使命光荣。只要我们勇于探索、敢于创新，不断地在理论中充实自己，在实践中锻炼自己，处处以学生为主，以工作为重，为人师表，就一定能当好班主任。     

大学新生代理班主任选拔模式的探索

大学新生代理班主任制度是指为每个新生班级配备两至三名从高年级同学中选出的品学兼优的优秀学生,协助辅导员做好新生日常教育、管理工作的制度。这一制度是大学新生的教育与管理制度中行之有效的一种,如何科学地选取代理班主任是这一制度得以发挥作用的前提。     

浅谈班级管理

班级是学校工作的一个基本单位，也是学生学习生活的基本组织。班主任是班集体的组织者和教育者，是学生德、智、体、美诸多方面发展的指导者。班级管理就是千万百计地调动学生参与班级管理的主动性和积极性，使学生成为学习、生活和班务管理的主人。良好的班级管理能加速了学生的全面发展，并有效地展现学生各方面的潜质和才能，为学生发展提供一个广阔的空间。总之，良好的班级管理是学生全面发展的保证学校是养成健全人格，培养真人的场所。本人担任多年班主任工作，先将自己的做法和大家交流一下。     

探索班级管理工作的创新与体会

班级管理是学校管理工作中的一个重要组成部分.班级管理的好与坏直接影响着学生的健康成长和学校的办学质量.因此,认真做好班级管理工作,是办学的需要,也是社会发展形势的迫切需要.笔者在河南省卫生学校担任多年班主任工作的过程中,不断的探索总结经验,因此就如何创新班级管理工作提出了以下看法.     

推行自主管理 促进学生独立健康成长

自主管理是培养教育学生自我教育的一种行之有效的好方法，具体地介绍了自主管理的含义、目的、组织和实践，以及利用班委会、科任老师、学生家长和班主任在班级管理中发挥的不同作用，实施过程及取得的效果。     

Human parainfluenza virus type 3 up-regulates major histocompatibility complex class I and II expression on respiratory epithelial cells: involvement of a STAT1- and CIITA-independent pathway

Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) infection causes severe damage to the lung epithelium, leading to bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and croup in newborns and infants. Cellular immunity that plays a vital role in normal antiviral action appears to be involved, possibly because of inappropriate activation, in the infection-related damage to the lung epithelium. In this study, we investigated the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules on human lung epithelial (A549) and epithelium-like (HT1080) cells following HPIV3 infection. MHC class I was induced by HPIV3 in these cells at levels similar to those observed with natural inducers such as beta and gamma interferon (IFN-beta and -gamma). MHC class II was also efficiently induced by HPIV3 in these cells. UV-irradiated culture supernatants from infected cells were able to induce MHC class I but not MHC class II, suggesting involvement of released factors for the induction of MHC class I. Quantitation of IFN types I and II in the culture supernatant showed the presence of IFN-beta as the major cytokine, while IFN-gamma was undetectable. Anti-IFN-beta, however, blocked the HPIV3-mediated induction of MHC class I only partially, indicating that viral antigens, besides IFN-beta, are directly involved in the induction process. The induction of MHC class I and class II directed by the viral antigens was confirmed by using cells lacking STAT1, an essential intermediate of the IFN signaling pathways. HPIV3 induced both MHC class I and class II molecules in STAT1-null cells. Furthermore, MHC class II was also induced by HPIV3 in cells defective in class II transactivator, an important intermediate of the IFN-gamma-mediated MHC class II induction pathway. Together, these data indicate that the HPIV3 gene product(s) is directly involved in the induction of MHC class I and II molecules. The induction of MHC class I and II expression by HPIV3 suggests that it plays a role in the infection-related immunity and pathogenesis.     

Morphology and structure of photosensitive dye J-aggregates adsorbed on AgBr microcrystals grown in gelatin

Our purpose was to determine the expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II gene products as well as the costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2 on cervical epithelial cells, and to determine to what extent inflammatory cytokines regulate their expression. Immunohistology and flow cytometry techniques were used to identify and quantify MHC class I and class II molecules, and the costimulatory molecules B7.1 and B7.2, on sections and primary epithelial cell cultures of human endo- and ectocervix. MHC class I but not class II molecules were constitutively expressed on tissue sections and primary epithelial cell cultures derived from endo- and ectocervix. Expression of MHC class I and class II was upregulated in vitro by IFN-gamma in a time and dose dependent fashion. The induction of class II expression was more pronounced on ectocervical cells than on endocervical cells. MHC class I but not class II expression was also enhanced by IFN-alpha as well as TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 inhibited the IFN-gamma induced MHC class II expression. Expression of the costimulatory molecules B7-1 and B7-2 were not detected in tissue sections or on resting or cytokine-treated cervical epithelial cells in vitro. The present results support the concept that endo- and ectocervical epithelial cells, like their counterparts at other mucosal sites. constitutively express MHC class I molecules and can express MHC class II upon cytokine stimulation, indicating that they are capable of presenting antigens to T-cells.     

Correlation between lymphocyte-induced donor-specific tolerance and donor cell recirculation. Role of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex

Intravenous infusion of mice with viable allogeneic lymphocytes can produce donor-specific enhancement of skin graft survival, but only if the injected lymphocytes can persist in the host's recirculating lymphocyte pool for at least 3 days. We have investigated the relative roles of class I and class II MHC for C57BL/6 mice infused with lymphoid cells from co-isogenic strains mutated at class I MHC (bm1) or class II MHC (bm12), and for A.TH lymphoid cells infused into C3H (class I different, class II identical) or A.TH (class II different, class I identical). Injected cells differing from the host at class I MHC, but not at class II MHC, can be rapidly removed by host natural immune mechanisms (probably NK cells). Persistence is favored if the injected cells also carry host class I MHC, i.e., tolerance is more readily induced by injecting F1 (A x B) into A rather than B into A, consistent with the "missing self" hypothesis of NK recognition, with class I MHC being the relevant self-marker. Injected cells differing from the host at class II MHC but not at class I MHC always persist for at least 3 days, even when class I-different cells are being actively removed.     

Mutation of RFXAP, a regulator of MHC class II genes, in primary MHC class II deficiency

BACKGROUND: Major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) class II deficiency is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency disease in which MHC class II molecules are absent. It is a genetically heterogeneous disease of gene regulation resulting from defects in several transactivating genes that regulate the expression of MHC class II genes. The mutations responsible for MHC class II deficiency are classified according to complementation group (a group in which the phenotype remains uncorrected in pairwise fusions of cells). There are three known complementation groups (A, B, and C). METHODS: To elucidate the genetic defect in patients with MHC class II deficiency that was not classified genetically, we performed direct complementation assays with the three genes known to regulate the expression of MHC class II genes, CIITA, RFX5, and RFXAP, and the relevant mutations were identified in each patient. RESULTS: Mutations in the RFXAP gene were found in three patients from unrelated families, and the resulting defect was classified as belonging to a novel complementation group (D). Transfection with the wild-type RFXAP gene restored the expression of MHC class II molecules in the patients' cells. CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in a novel MHC class II transactivating factor, RFXAP, can cause MHC class II deficiency. These mutations abolish the expression of MHC class II genes and lead to the same clinical picture of immunodeficiency as in patients with mutations in the other two MHC class II regulatory genes.     

Expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and their loss on culture in renal carcinoma

Biopsies from the tumour and the adjacent normal kidney were obtained from 15 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The proximal convoluted tubules from which the tumour arose expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen (Ag) in 3 cases and class II in none. By contrast, the carcinoma cells expressed class I Ag in 14 cases and class II Ag in 5 cases. Cells from each carcinoma were established in culture. As the culture period increased, cells from six of eight RCC showed diminished expression of class I Ag and five of six reduced expression of class II Ag. This is similar to the relative loss of class I Ag in synchronous metastases from RCC.     

Regulation of MHC class I and II gene transcription: differences and similarities

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules serve as peptide receptors. These peptides are derived from processed cellular or extra-cellular antigens. The MHC gene complex encodes two major classes of molecules, MHC class I and class II, whose function is to present peptides to CD8+ (cytotoxic) and CD4+ (helper) T cells, respectively. The genes encoding both classes of MHC molecules seem to originate from a common ancestral gene. One of the hallmarks of the MHC is its extensive polymorphism which displays locus and allele-specific characteristics among the various MHC class I and class II genes. Because of its central role in immunosurveillance and in various disease states, the MHC is one of the best studied genetic systems. This review addresses several aspects of MHC class I and class II gene regulation in human and in particular, the contribution to the constitutive and cytokine-induced expression of MHC class I and II genes of MHC class-specific regulatory elements and regulatory elements which apparently are shared by the promoters of MHC class I and class II genes.     

Effects of titanium substratum and grooved surface topography on metalloproteinase-2 expression in human fibroblasts

Human placental trophoblast expresses as unusual repertoire of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I products that appears to reflect the unique role of this epithelium in mediating feto-maternal relations during pregnancy. Trophoblast is devoid of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A,-B antigens but can express one or more non-HLA-A,-B class I proteins. The human choriocarcinoma cell lines JEG-3, BeWo and JAR are widely used as models to study trophoblast. During attempts to isolate non-HLA-A,-B class I from JEG-3 and BeWo by immunoaffinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody to beta 2-microglobulin we observed a 55,000 MW protein co-purifying with class I. N-terminal amino acid sequencing and immunoblotting using a specific antiserum identified this product as calreticulin, a molecule recently shown to be involved in the assembly of classical class I in human B-lymphoblastoid cells. In our hands JEG-3 and BeWo were found to express 45,000 MW non-HLA-A,-B class I proteins while the 40,000 MW HLA-G product was identified only in JEG-3. Our data suggest that calreticulin associates with non-HLA-A,-B class I heterodimers and with free 45,000 MW non-HLA-A,-B class I H chains in JEG-3. JAR was found to be devoid of detectable class I H chains but contained beta 2-microglobulin and calreticulin. However, calreticulin-beta 2-microglobulin complexes were not detected in JAR. Calreticulin and class I were apparently co-localized within the endoplasmic reticulum of JEG-3 cells whereas only class I was expressed at the cell surface. These studies demonstrate that calreticulin is associated with non-HLA-A,-B class I products in human choriocarcinoma cells.     

Evaluative race–class stereotypes by race and perceived class of subjects.

80 Black and 74 White college students assigned traits, from a list of 80, to the Black lower class, Black middle class, White lower class, and White middle class. Each S rated the 5 or fewer traits that he or she had chosen as being most typical of the respective race–class groups from –5 (unfavorable) to +5 (favorable) for the given groups. Ss also assigned themselves to 1 of 4 classes: lower class, working class, middle class, or upper class. On the basis of these judgments, the Ss within each racial group were classified as perceiving themselves to be above or below the median of their own race's distribution. White Ss assigned more favorable characteristics to the middle than to the lower class and did not rate Blacks lower than Whites. Black Ss made a similar, but smaller, social class distinction and, in addition, generally perceived Blacks more favorably than Whites. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Understanding the heterogeneity of BPD symptoms through latent class analysis: Initial results and clinical correlates among inner-city substance users.

The current study investigated the heterogeneity of borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms in a sample of 382 inner-city, predominantly African American male substance users through the use of latent class analysis. A 4-class model was statistically preferred, with 1 class interpreted to be a baseline class, 1 class interpreted to be a high-BPD class, and 2 classes interpreted as intermediate classes. As a secondary goal, we examined the resulting BPD classes with respect to relevant clinical correlates, including temperamental vulnerabilities (affective instability, impulsivity, and interpersonal instability), childhood emotional abuse, drug choice, and co-occurring mood and anxiety disorders. The high-BPD class evidenced the highest levels of the temperamental vulnerabilities and environmental stressors, the baseline class evidenced the lowest levels, and the 2 intermediate classes fell in between. In addition, the high-BPD class had a higher probability of cocaine and alcohol dependence, as well as mood and anxiety disorders, than did the baseline class. Rates of alcohol use and mood disorders for the intermediate classes fell in between the high-BPD and the baseline classes. Results are discussed in relation to the current diagnostic conceptualization of BPD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)