硅橡胶密封材料热氧老化研究

采用加速老化试验方法对硅橡胶密封材料的热氧老化性能进行了研究,获得了不同老化温度及老化时间对硅橡胶力学性能和交联结构的影响规律。研究结果表明,硅橡胶在热空气中老化时随老化温度的升高和老化时间的延长,材料的拉伸强度、拉断伸长率降低,100%定伸应力、硬度、压缩永久变形增大。材料的交联密度增加,表明硅橡胶在热氧老化过程中交联占主要优势。     

氢化丁腈橡胶/氟橡胶复合材料的相容性、力学性能及热氧老化性能

采用过氧化二异丙苯硫化体系将氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)与氟橡胶(FKM)进行共混,研究了HNBR/FKM复合材料的相容性、微观形态、力学性能及热氧老化性能。结果表明,在FKM用量低于20份(质量)时共混体系的相容性相对较好。随着FKM用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度降低,但100%定伸应力却表现出小幅增大的现象。当HNBR与FKM质量比为90/10时,复合材料的撕裂强度、扯断伸长率和100%定伸应力均出现最大值,并呈现出较好的耐热氧老化性能。     

氟橡胶/氢化丁腈橡胶复合材料的相容性、力学性能和热氧老化研究

将氟橡胶与氢化丁腈橡胶以不同比例进行共混,研究了共混体系中氟橡胶用量对相容性、力学性能以及耐老化性能的影响。结果表明,并用比例低于20份时,二者表现出较好的相容性;随着氟橡胶用量的增加,橡胶复合材料的拉伸强度逐渐降低,但与交联效率密切相关的100%定伸强度未出现单调递减现象。相反,当二者质量比为10/90时,100%定伸强度,扯断伸长率和撕裂强度出现峰值,同时耐热氧老化的能力最强。     

热氧老化对长玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能影响

将熔融浸渍制备的长玻璃纤维(LGF)增强聚丙烯(PP)与PP按照不同比例熔融共混,制备了不同LGF含量的LGF增强PP复合材料。研究了老化时间、LGF含量对LGF增强PP复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着LGF含量的增加,LGF增强PP复合材料的断裂伸长率稍有下降,拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、冲击强度及缺口冲击强度都显著提高。老化时间的延长,对低LGF含量的LGF增强PP复合材料的力学性能影响不大;老化时间较长时,高LGF含量的LGF增强PP复合材料的总体力学性能有所下降。     

热介质老化对HNBR力学性能的影响

采用加速老化实验方法研究了热介质对氢化丁腈橡胶（HNBR）材料力学性能的影响,获得了热空气、ASTM 1#标准油和ASTM 3#标准油中老化温度及老化时间对HNBR材料力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,HNBR材料具有良好的力学性能和耐油性能。     

橡胶老化研究的方法

论述了橡胶老化研究的方法,评价橡胶老化的方法与内容有:力学性能变化,硫化胶结构变化,老化机理,交联密度,TG、DMA、DSC等热分析。     

热氧老化对聚酯薄膜力学和电性能的研究

通过对电机用聚酯薄膜在不同热氧老化温度下进行了加速热处理,讨论了热处理温度对材料的力学和电性能影响因素.结果表明,随着热氧老化温度提高,薄膜电气强度和局放电压逐渐增大,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、表面电阻率、介质损耗因数逐渐下降;相对电容率、体积电阻率变化不大.经分析,这些性能的变化主要与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)薄膜黏...     

高乙烯基聚丁二烯交联四丙氟橡胶性能的研究

采用不同量的高乙烯基聚丁二烯橡胶(HVBR)作为助交联剂,以过氧化二异丙苯引发交联四丙氟橡胶(FEPM),制备具有新型交联结构的FEPM/HVBR共混胶,同时表征该橡胶的硫化特性、物理性能、断面形貌、溶胀度和热性能。结果表明:随着HVBR用量的增大,共混胶的硬度和拉伸强度增大,拉断伸长率降低,加工安全性和流动性变优;共混胶的玻璃化温度与FEPM接近,且随着HVBR用量的增大,共混胶的玻璃化温度升高,耐热性能提高。     

热氧老化对聚碳酸酯结构和性能的影响

分别在90～120℃环境下,对聚碳酸酯(PC)进行人工热氧加速老化实验.研究PC老化后的结构性能变化和热氧老化机理.结果表明:在低于120℃温度条件下,老化120 h后,PC仍显示强而韧的性能,但断裂伸长减小;在120℃温度条件下,老化24 h后,PC拉伸断裂伸长消失;PC的热氧降解过程主要是以热诱导氧化降解反应,降解反应引起端基、侧基从主链断裂脱落,导致内部缺陷,力学性能随之下降.     

Vulcanization behavior and mechanical properties of organoclay fluoroelastomer nanocomposites

The vulcanization behavior and mechanical properties of clay/fluoroelastomer nanocomposites produced by melt‐mixing of Dyneon FPO 3741 (a terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene, and tetrafluoroethylene) with 10 phr of unmodified montmorillonite (CloisiteNA) or di(hydrogenated tallow‐alkyl) dimethyl ammonium‐modified montmorillonites (Cloisite15A and Cloisite20A) were studied. The properties of clay/FKM nanocomposites were compared with composites prepared using 10 and 30 phr of carbon black. The effects of clay surfactant and surfactant concentration on the vulcanization behavior, mechanical, and dynamical properties of peroxide cured composites were studied. XRD results of cured composites showed a decrease in d‐spacing and indicated deintercalation of the clays after the vulcanization process. It was also found that organoclays retard the FKM peroxide vulcanization process. Significantly, higher maximum torque on vulcanization was obtained with organoclays versus unmodified clay and carbon black. Although the morphologies of organoclay/FKM nanocomposites studied by XRD and TEM suggest similar intercalated/exfoliated structures, the organoclay with the lowest concentration of surfactant (95 meq/100 g clay) resulted in the highest increase in torque, modulus, hardness, and tear strength in the clay/FKM nanocomposites. It was also found that organoclays can increase both the hydrodynamic reinforcement and hysteresis loss of FKM nanocomposites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

填料对氟橡胶热空气老化性能的影响

研究了片层状、颗粒状和金属氧化物等填料填充改性氟橡胶的耐热空气老化性能。结果表明,片层状填料改性的氟橡胶的耐热性能较差;颗粒状填料BaSO4填充改性的氟橡胶具有优良的耐热老化性,300℃老化24h后,氟橡胶力学性能的保持率在50％左右;金属氧化物Fe2O3和SnO2填充改性的氟橡胶具有较好的耐热老化性,300℃老化24h后,仍保持较好的力学性能,其强度分别为9．3MPa和10．3MPa。     

热氧老化对硅橡胶发泡材料泡孔结构与性能的影响

采用热氧加速老化的方法研究了硅橡胶发泡材料（SRF）的老化性能,探究了不同老化时间对SRF材料的泡孔结构和性能的影响规律。结果表明,不同密度SRF的泡孔结构不同,密度较大的SRF泡孔尺寸较小,泡孔壁较厚,闭孔比例较大。在热氧老化过程中,随着老化时间的延长,泡孔结构逐渐遭到破坏;当老化时间相同时,密度越大的SRF泡孔结构遭到的破坏情况越严重。此外,结合SRF的泡孔微观结构和性能来看,SRF泡孔结构的破坏会导致其压缩永久变形率和应力损失率升高。     

Effect of crosslink structures on dynamic mechanical properties of natural rubber vulcanizates under different aging conditions

The effects of crosslink structures on the dynamic mechanical properties (DMPs) of unfilled and carbon black N330‐filled natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates cured with conventional (CV), semiefficient (SEV), and efficient (EV) cure systems and having about the same total crosslink densities were investigated before and after aerobic and anaerobic aging at 100°C. The three unfilled NR vulcanizates cured with the CV, SEV, and EV systems had about the same mechanical loss factor (tan δ) values at about 0°C but showed some apparent differences in the tan δ values in the order EV > SEV > CV at relatively high temperatures of 40–80°C before aging. However, N330‐filled NR vulcanizates gave higher tan δ values than the unfilled vulcanizates and showed little effect of the crosslink types on the tan δ at different temperatures over the glass‐transition temperature (T_g) before aging. Aerobic heat aging increased the T_g and tan δ values of the vulcanizates over a wide range of temperatures from ?80 to 90°C that was mainly due to the changes in the total density and types of crosslinks. The unfilled vulcanizates cured with the CV system showed the greatest change in DMP because of their poor resistance to heat aging. Aerobic heat aging of NR vulcanizates caused a more significant change in the DMP than anaerobic heat aging because of the dominant effect of the oxidative degradation during aerobic heat aging on the main‐chain structure, crosslink structures, and DMPs of the vulcanizates. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 710–718, 2001     

动态力学分析在氟橡胶热空气老化分析中的应用

以硫化结构不同的普通氟橡胶及全氟醚橡胶为研究对象,通过动态力学分析研究其热空气老化性能,并结合常规拉伸性能测试对动态力学分析结果进行验证.结果表明,当出现明显的老化现象时,普通氟橡胶及全氟醚橡胶的力学损耗均有明显增大的趋势,同时拉伸强度会出现明显的减小.氟橡胶的硫化结构对其热空气老化性能有重要影响,在250℃下老化24...     

Effects of crosslink density on mechanical properties of high glass transition temperature polycyanurate networks

Polycyanurate networks of different architecture were synthesized using different curing cycles. Networks with a variable extent of reaction were obtained; the small variation of the cyanate conversion (0.8 to 1) corresponds to a large variation of glass transition temperature (150–290°C) and crosslink density. The mechanical behavior at small and large deformations and the fracture toughness were examined at room temperature and related to the network structural parameters. To explain the puzzling variation of the yield stress and yield strain with the cyanate conversion, recovery experiments were conducted to discriminate anelastic deformation from plastic deformation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 2471–2479, 1997     

炭黑对丁苯橡胶耐热氧和紫外老化性能的影响

研究了填充不同量炭黑对丁苯橡胶耐热氧和紫外老化性能的影响,测试了各试样的交联密度及物理机械性能,并用扫描电镜观察了其表面形貌.结果表明,丁苯橡胶在热氧老化开始时内部发生了以交联为主的反应,表面氧化缓慢;而在紫外老化开始时表面的变化较大,在老化过程中交联密度出现峰值;热氧和紫外老化120 h后,橡胶的硬度增加,表面变得致密,使热氧和紫外线侵入至橡胶内部变得困难,邵尔A硬度等物理机械性能的变化趋势减缓;炭黑填充量大于20份(质量)时SBR的耐紫外老化性能得到改善,老化360 h后物理机械性能保持率仍然较高,这是因为炭黑对紫外线有很好的屏蔽作用,而炭黑对SBR耐热氧老化性能的影响却相反.     

热氧老化对长玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺6复合材料的影响

研究了160℃条件下不同热氧老化时间对未添加抗氧剂和添加抗氧剂的长玻璃纤维(LGF)增强聚酰胺(PA)6(PA 6/LGF)复合材料力学性能、热稳定性、结晶度及表面形貌的影响,并采用热重分析,差示扫描量热法分析和扫描电子显微镜观察对PA 6/LGF复合材料进行了表征。结果表明:PA 6基体分子链的断裂、降解以及LGF与PA 6基体的脱黏导致了PA 6/LGF复合材料宏观力学性能、熔融温度、结晶温度、结晶度以及热稳定性的下降。添加抗氧剂的PA 6/LGF复合材料拉伸强度保持率为83.9%,而未添加抗氧剂的复合材料则为76.8%。添加抗氧剂能使PA 6/LGF复合材料具有相对优异的力学性能保持率。     

Microindentation into an epoxy composition to assess the influence of aging on mechanical properties

This work aims to apply the microindentation technique for assessing the influence of two aging factors—long‐term weathering and long‐term laboratory aging—on the time‐dependent mechanical properties of an epoxy composition. The linear theory of viscoelasticity was taken as a background for the problem, and the time‐independent Poisson ratio value was assumed to simplify the assessment. Two nano/microindenters were used (Hysitron Triboscan and Nano XP Indenter) at two different laboratories. Four special time‐dependent loading histories were applied: indentation under a step load, indentation under a constant load rate, indentation with a fixed depth of penetration, and indentation under a constant rate of penetration. The short‐term histories of the viscoelastic compliance of a common epoxy composition, affected by 5‐year weathering or laboratory aging, measured using a microindentation technique were compared to the data derived from standard macro measurements. The findings suggest that a qualitative assessment of the influence of the investigated aging effects on mechanical properties can be handled using short‐term microindentation data, but the data has to be freed of possible attendant factors, especially of the influence of polishing procedures accompanying the microindentation techniques, before comparing it with standard measurement data. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012