Time slot allocation in CDMA/TDD systems for mobile multimediaservices

An important issue in wireless multimedia communications is to cope with the traffic asymmetry between uplink and downlink. The asymmetrical slot allocation in the code division multiple-access systems with time-division duplex mode (CDMA/TDD systems) can be a good solution for this problem. However, the level of traffic asymmetry can be significantly different from cell to cell. In this letter, we calculate the utilization of a CDMA/TDD system for the multicell model. In addition, we suggest an optimal slot allocation that maximizes the frequency utilization     

Optimum packet data transmission in cellular multirate CDMA systems with rate-based slot allocation

High-rate packet transmission is realized for the downlink in cellular multirate code-division multiple-access systems using multicode concatenated signaling, combined with iterative detection and self-interference cancellation. Since an optimum packet transmission is to allocate the maximum allowable rate to the user with the best received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), a problem with fairness arises, in the sense that only a very small number of users receive at or near the maximum allowable rate, and the rest of the users do not receive at all. To overcome this, a new soft multimodal fairness control is proposed to adjust the latency (or waiting time) between two extreme values. Throughput is analyzed by deriving the probability distribution of the rate allocation, which is based on the maximum received SINR in a slot. For this, statistics on the SINRs are jointly characterized under three-sector cell structure because of their mutual correlation. Traffic variations are also taken into account to formulate the statistics under two algorithms for adaptive base station selection. It is shown that high-rate transmission can be achieved by a substantial reduction in in-cell interference, and the tradeoff between throughput and fairness can be met by the fairness control.     

TDD CDMA通信系统中二维角度、时延和极化参数的可分离估计方法

在研究一维角度、时延和极化联合估计(JADPE)方法基础上,提出一种多径信道下的二维角度、时延和极化参数联合估计方法.该方法将极化敏感阵列天线和TDD CDMA系统结合起来,研究了TDD CDMA系统多用户、多径情况下联合参数估计问题,有效实现了TDD CDMA系统二维角度/时延/极化参数的高分辨联合估计.该方法通过引...     

时分复接码分多址系统中预瑞克与空时编码技术

提出了一种适用于时分复接码分多址系统的发射分集，即预瑞克与空时格状编码调制相结合方案。采用预瑞在代替瑞克，在接收机中采用单径瑞克就可实现多径分集，可以简化接收机结构和节约费用。计算机仿真结果表明，在多径衰落下，所提出方案的性能比仅采用空时码好。在最小均方误差意义下预瑞克抽头数应与多径数相同。所提出新型星座图－8APK（振幅相位键控）可以用来构造了一个空时码，此空时码性能比由8PSK构造的具有相同结构的空时码好。     

New adaptive bit allocation algorithms for multiuser OFDM/CDMA systems

An adaptive bit allocation algorithm is proposed for multiuser transmission in OFDM/CDMA systems. The proposed scheme takes advantage of frequency diversity to dynamically allocate a suitable number of bits/per symbol on subcarriers of each user based on the transmitting objectives such as the required transmission rate and BER. A suboptimal solution to the problem of the bit allocation on subcarriers for each user is derived by minimizing the interference power from each user. Then an algorithm for adjusting the number of allocated bits is used to further reduce the interference without changing the total transmitted data rate. The performance obtained by minimizing the interference resulting from each user is studied in terms of BER, transmission data rate and the system capacity supporting multiple users. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm substantially outperforms those reported previously.     

Power distribution/allocation in multirate wideband CDMA systems

A unified approach for power distribution and allocation in a multirate wideband CDMA system is investigated. It is shown that the traffic demand and the background disturbance fully govern the feasibility of the system and the optimal power distribution solutions, where the traffic demand is specified by the user QoS requirement, data rate, and spread spectrum bandwidth; the background disturbance includes the background noise and the intercell interference. Closed form expressions of the optimal power allocation, subject to power constraints in the practical system design, are derived. Convergent conditions are applied to evaluate the capacity region of the system. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the applications of the obtained theoretical results.     

Suppressing opposite-direction interference in TDD/CDMA systems with asymmetric traffic by antenna beamforming

One of the key advantages for the time-division duplex (TDD) system is the capability to deliver asymmetric traffic services by allocating different numbers of uplink and downlink time slots. However, in a TDD/code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system, asymmetric traffic may result in severe opposite-direction interference because downlink transmitted signals from neighboring base stations may interfere with the uplink received signals of the home cell. In this paper, we investigate the effect of four-antenna beamforming schemes from the perspective of suppressing the opposite-direction interference. We compare the uplink bit energy-to-interference density ratio of a traditional beam-steering technique (Scheme I) with that of the minimum-variance distortionless-response (MVDR) beamformer (Scheme II). Furthermore, Scheme III applies the conventional beam-steering technique for both downlink transmissions and the uplink reception. In Scheme IV, we implement beam-steering for downlink transmissions, while adopting the MVDR beamformer to process the uplink signals received at base stations. Our numerical results indicate that Scheme IV outperforms all the other three schemes, which can effectively suppress the strong opposite-direction interference in TDD/CDMA systems. While keeping low implementation costs in mind, employing the simpler Scheme III in a sectorized cellular system can also allow every cell to provide different rates of asymmetric traffic services.     

Network time slot allocation in an intelligent network

The research area of telecommunications networks and services is rapidly growing, as new technologies emerge. This article proposes a design for a Time Multiplexed Switch that allocates network time slots in a telecommunications architecture. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Downlink power allocation and adjustment for CDMA cellular systems

This letter provides a downlink power control algorithm and its convergence for adjusting as well as allocating appropriate power levels according to the need of mobiles. The adjustment process and its property provide a distinct view for understanding existing CDMA downlink power control algorithms     

TDD/CDMA移动通信系统的一种信道分配方案

未来的TD/CDMA移动通信系统中存活话音及上下行业务量不等、优先级不同的数据业务，为适应新业务的特点，充分发挥TDD/CDMA移动通信系统自身的优势，本文提出了TDD/CDMA移动通信的一种新的信道分配方案。仿真结果表明，该方案可大大降低低优先级业务的掉线概率，充分利用有限的信道资源。     

Cross‐layer optimization for CDMA/TDD wireless mesh networks

This paper proposes a new cross‐layer optimization algorithm for wireless mesh networks (WMNs). CDMA/TDD (code division multiple access/time division duplex) is utilized and a couple of TDD timeslot scheduling schemes are proposed for the mesh network backbone. Cross‐layer optimization involves simultaneous consideration of the signal to interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) at the physical layer, traffic load estimation and allocation at medium access control (MAC) layer, and routing decision at the network layer. Adaptive antennas are utilized by the wireless mesh routers to take advantage of directional beamforming. The optimization formulation is subject to routing constraints and can be solved by general nonlinear optimization techniques. Comparisons are made with respect to the classic shortest‐path routing algorithm in the network layer. The results reveal that the average end‐to‐end successful packet rate (SPR) can be significantly improved by the cross‐layer approach. The corresponding optimized routing decisions are able to reduce the traffic congestion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimal downlink resource allocation for non-real time traffic in cellular CDMA/TDMA networks

In this letter, using a utility-based approach we formulate the optimal downlink resource allocation problem for non-realtime traffic in a CDMA/TDMA cellular network. We then introduce the notion of multi-access-point diversity which is a potential form of diversity in cellular networks, where a signal can be transmitted to the corresponding mobile user via multiple base-stations. A joint base-station assignment and packet scheduling method is then proposed which exploits multiaccess-point and multi-user diversity in one shot. The simulation results of the proposed method show significant throughput improvement due to multi-access-point diversity gain.     

Polynomial time optimal algorithms for time slot assignment ofvariable bandwidth systems

Considers the optimal (i.e., minimum length) time slot assignment problem for variable bandwidth switching systems. Existing algorithms for this problem are known to be pseudo-polynomial. The practical question of finding a fast optimal algorithm, as well as the theoretical question of whether the above problem is NP-complete were left open. The authors present a technique to show polynomial time complexity of some time slot assignment algorithms. Such a technique applies to an algorithm proposed by Chalasani and Varma in 1991 (called the CV algorithm), as well as to a network flow based optimal algorithm, proposed in the present paper for the first time. The CV algorithm and the one proposed are slightly different. Thus, the authors give an answer to both the above questions, by establishing that the problem is in P, and by showing effective algorithms for it     

QoS based fair resource allocation in multi-cell TD/CDMA communication systems

Abstract-In a wireless multimedia code division multiple access (CDMA) system, the resources in terms of transmission rate and power should be efficiently distributed to each user to guarantee its quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. In, this paper, a resource allocation algorithm which combines packet scheduling and power assignment is proposed to achieve efficient resource utilization under QoS constraints. The packet scheduling is based on the fair packet loss sharing (FPLS) principle, and the power assignment is determined by the received power limited (RPL) scheme. The basic idea of FPLS is to schedule the transmission of multimedia packets in such a way that, all the users have a fair share of packet loss according to their QoS requirements, which maximizes the number of the served users with QoS satisfaction. The RPL scheme minimizes the received power for each packet. Given the propagation path loss, it in turn minimizes the transmitted power as well. The intercell interference from the scheduled packets is also limited in order to increase the system capacity.     

CDMA/TDD system for wireless multimedia services with trafficunbalance between uplink and downlink

This paper proposes a code division multiple access (CDMA) time division duplex (TDD) system for wireless multimedia services with traffic unbalance between uplink and downlink. In the proposed system, the number of uplink time slots in a TDD frame differs from that of downlink. Moreover, the difference can be reset by the network operator according to the traffic pattern. We evaluate the performance of the proposed system under multimedia environment using Markov analysis and computer simulation. The results show that the frequency utilization is maximized even when the uplink and downlink traffic volumes are unbalanced. This, in turn, reduces drastically the blocking rate of multimedia calls (connections) in the proposed system compared with that in the traditional CDMA systems where the uplink and downlink use equal bandwidth     

Distributed timeslot allocation with crossed slots in CDMA‐TDD systems

Code division multiple access system with time division duplex (CDMA‐TDD) is a promising solution to cope with traffic asymmetry of downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) in multimedia services. When a rate of asymmetry is different in each cell, CDMA‐TDD system may employ crossed slots, where a timeslot is used for different links in cells. However, it may suffer from base station (BS)‐to‐BS and mobile station (MS)‐to‐MS interference problem. Zone division scheme is an efficient way to tackle the crossed slot interference by dividing a cell into inner and outer zones and restricting communication in crossed slots only to inner zone. In this paper, we propose distributed crossed slot resource allocation with zone division in multi‐cell CDMA‐TDD system. Two conditions for crossed slot resource allocation are defined and the bound on the size of inner zone is analyzed mathematically based on the conditions. Relationship between the capacity of crossed slot and the size of inner zone is also analyzed. Then, numerical results of the mathematical analysis are presented; showing that the proposed crossed slot allocation is effective for traffic asymmetry problem. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Proportional QoS adjustment for achieving feasible power allocation in CDMA systems

Resource management is the general topic of the present paper, particularly, we deal with capacity sharing for interference limited wireless networks by power control. Proportional reduction of the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) requirements is suggested as the control mechanism to accommodate users in the case of overload. For this purpose, we carefully describe the geometrical structure and the asymptotic behavior of the set of feasible power vectors as a proportionality factor tends to its boundaries. In the case that there is no feasible power adjustment, the minimum proportional SIR reduction is determined under general power constraints. We conclude with developing a locally quadratic convergent algorithm for numerical computation of the optimum power assignment. The investigations provide both insight into the theoretical structure of optimum power allocation as well as a practical method for call admission control.     

Optimum rate allocation for two-class services in CDMA smart antenna systems

Transmission bit rates are optimized for two-class traffic in variable spreading gain code-division multiple-access systems with antenna arrays. In an array antenna system, the interference levels experienced by the users belonging to different beams are not the same. Thus, it is not efficient to allocate the same rates to all the data users even though they belong to a cell. Considering this, an optimum rate allocation scheme is proposed for delay-tolerant data users. Additionally, we also propose the optimum rate allocation scheme for voice and data users when a packet scheduling scheme is considered. Numerical results show that, in array antenna systems, the proposed schemes considerably outperform the conventional scheme designed for omniantenna systems.     

卫星通信系统中功率与时隙资源联合分配算法

提出联合优化卫星通信系统中的功率和时隙资源的方法,以提高星上有限资源的使用能效。挖掘了功率和时隙资源在容量提升上的相互补充相互依存关系,考虑了多个地球站的信道条件和容量需求的差异性,建立了资源联合分配的状态组合模型,以适应各地球站的多资源利用模式。并以最大化能效为目标,设计了联合分配的迭代对偶优化（IDO）算法,以较低复杂度获得了最优联合分配方案。仿真分析表明,资源联合优化比非联合优化提高了能量利用效率,尤其在频率资源（载波数目）较少时优势更加明显。