超声波辅助复合氧化法合成氧化玉米淀粉

以玉米淀粉为原料、以过氧化氢和过硫酸钾为复合氧化剂、以Fe2＋为催化剂,在酸性条件下采用超声波辅助复合氧化法合成氧化玉米淀粉。以淀粉乳浓度、复合氧化剂质量分数（占干淀粉总量,下同）、体系pH值、数控超声波清洗器功率、催化剂质量分数（占干淀粉总量,下同）、反应温度、反应时间为考察因素,以氧化度（羧基含量）作为衡量指标,采用单因素实验和正交实验确定超声波辅助复合氧化法合成氧化玉米淀粉的最佳工艺条件为：淀粉乳浓度30％,复合氧化剂质量分数10％,体系pH值3．OO,数控超声波清洗器功率90w,催化剂质量分数0．3％,反应温度55℃,反应时间40rain,在此条件下,可以制得氧化度为0．203％的氧化玉米淀粉。     

微波辅助复合氧化法合成氧化玉米淀粉

以玉米淀粉为原料、以过氧化氢和过硫酸钾为复合氧化剂、以Fe2＋为催化剂,在酸性条件下采用微波辅助复合氧化法合成氧化玉米淀粉。以反应温度、微波催化合成/萃取仪功率、催化剂质量分数（占干淀粉总量,下同）、复合氧化剂质量分数（占干淀粉总量,下同）、淀粉乳浓度、体系pH值、反应时间等因素为变量,以氧化度为衡量指标,采用单因素实验和正交实验确定微波辅助复合氧化法合成氧化玉米淀粉的最佳工艺条件为：反应温度55℃、微波催化合成/萃取仪功率400 W、催化剂质量分数0.3%、复合氧化剂质量分数8%、淀粉乳浓度45%、体系pH值4.00、反应时间21min,在此条件下,可以制得氧化度为0.140%的氧化玉米淀粉。     

季铵型阳离子淀粉合成及应用

介绍了季铵型阳离子淀粉的湿法生产工艺,着重讨论了合成反应过程中催化剂用量、醚化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对取代度和反应效率的影响。淀粉用量为100kg,醚化剂CHPT用量为5,2kg,催化剂用量为2．6kg,淀粉乳浓度58％,氢氧化钠水溶液浓度50％、反应温度50℃、反应时间15h。在此条件下,取代度可达0．0268,反应效率达80％以上。     

玉米淀粉接枝丙烯酸高吸水性树脂合成工艺的研究

以玉米淀粉为原料、丙烯酸为反应单体、N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、过硫酸钾为引发剂,采用水溶液法制备了高吸水性树脂,研究了淀粉乳含量、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、单体中和度、反应温度等因素对树脂吸水率的影响。通过单因素及正交实验,确定最佳反应条件为：淀粉乳含量12．2％,单体与淀粉质量比4．5：1,单体中和度76．84％,引发剂用量（以淀粉质量计）1．4％,交联剂用量（以淀粉质量计）0．5％。此时所得树脂吸水率为698g·g^-1,且具有优异的保水性。     

甘薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸制备高吸水性树脂的研究

研究了在氮气保护的情况下，以N，N’-亚甲基双丙稀酰胺（以下称单体）为交联剂，用过硫酸铵引发甘薯淀粉与丙烯酸接枝共聚制备高吸水性树脂，考察了交联剂用量、甘薯淀粉乳浓度、淀粉品种、单体用量、引发剂用量和反应温度对吸水性能的影响，得到如下最佳反应条件：品种浙薯1号，淀粉乳浓度12％，单体与淀粉的质量比2：1，单体用量和引发剂用量占淀粉的质量百分数分别为0．9％和2．5％，反应温度为55℃．在该条件下制得吸去离子水高达500余倍的吸水性树脂。     

交联阳离子淀粉的制备及其脱色性能研究

在催化剂6％氢氧化钠水溶液存在下,以玉米淀粉为原料,以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂．以N-(2,3-环氧丙基)三甲基氯化铵为阳离子化试剂(GTA),制备了交联阳离子淀粉(CCS)。通过凯氏定氮方法考察了6％氢氧化钠水溶液、水含量、反应温度和反应时间对取代度和反应效率的影响。当交联淀粉用量为5．8g,GTA用量为3．0g时,最佳反应条件为：6％氢氧化钠水溶液1．0g、反应温度80℃、反应时间2h、反应体系含水量30％。在此条件下,取代度可达0．35,反应效率为53．3％。对制得阳离子淀粉的脱色性能研究结果表明。交联阳离子淀粉对某些阴离子具有优异的脱色效果。当投加量为140mg／L时．对质量浓度为2mg／L甲基橙脱色率可达87．4％。     

电子级玻璃纤维用改性高直链淀粉合成研究

以高直链淀粉为原料、甲醇为溶剂、环氧丙烷为醚化剂、环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,以聚乙二醇和烷基醇聚氧乙烯醚为复合催化剂,对电子级玻璃纤维浸润剂用改性高直链淀粉的合成工艺进行了研究。最佳工艺条件是反应温度为55℃,醚化剂用量为淀粉的16%,交联剂用量为淀粉的0.8%,反应时间为16 h,取代度约0.2。     

交联淀粉的合成及其耐水性能的研究

将玉米淀粉用乙二醛进行交联改性,有效地提高其耐水性。实验结果表明,当水和玉米淀粉的重量比为２∶１,乙二醛与催化剂氯化镁的用量分别为玉米淀粉重量的１０％与４％,在１２０°Ｃ下反应２５ｍｉｎ时,合成的交联淀粉耐水性较好,为未改性淀粉的２．５倍。     

乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的生产和应用

由柠檬酸和正丁醇在复合催化剂存在下合成柠檬酸三丁酯。它再与醋酐于复合催化剂下合成乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯。酯化反应的最佳条件为:柠檬酸与正丁醇的物质量之比为1:3．5,于100℃～130℃反应,催化剂质量为柠檬酸的0．8％,反应时间2．8 h,酯化率>99．4％,纯度>99．5％;乙酰化最佳反应条件为:柠檬酸三丁酯与醋酐物质的量之比为1:1．4,于60℃～85℃反应时间为1．4 h,催化剂用量为柠檬酸三丁酯的0．01％(质量),乙酰化转化率>99．5％,纯度为99.5％。     

微波辐射制备羟丙基壳聚糖的研究

在微波辐射。F,以环氧丙烷为改性剂,四甲基碘化铵为催化剂合成羟丙基壳聚糖。探讨了微波处理时间、微波辐射功率、催化剂用量、反应物配比诸因素对产物产率和取代度的影响。实验结果表明,合成羟丙基壳聚糖的最佳反应条件为微波辐射功率为140W,微波处理时间为2h,催化剂用量为5％,m（壳聚糖）／V（环氧丙烷）=1：10,产率为68．43％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。