油菜籽脱壳与分离设备研究注

油菜是我国重要的油料作物之一，油菜籽是重要的油脂与蛋白质资源。本文分析了油菜籽脱壳制油的必要性，还介绍了油菜籽脱壳与分离设备及用其作过22000Kg油菜籽脱壳与分离生产试验的结果：脱壳率为85％，仁中含壳率为4％，壳中含仁率为1％，粉末率为3％，结果表明，该设备是一种能用于生产的实用性设备。     

新型油菜籽仁壳分离机的研制

油菜籽仁壳分离是剥壳制油工艺的一道重要生产工序。从风选原理出发,设计了RKF50型油菜籽仁壳分离机,介绍了主要结构和工作过程,实践证明,该设备分离效果好,满足了生产要求。     

核桃壳仁混合物料气流分离系统的试验研究

研究核桃破壳壳仁分离加工成套设备壳仁混合物料气流分离系统运行参数对壳仁分离效果的影响,为实际生产中成套设备气流分离系统调节与运行参数选择提供依据。以仁中含壳率和壳中含仁率为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验确定核桃壳仁混合物料气流分离系统的运行参数。结果表明：调节阀开度对壳仁分离效果影响最显著,卸风板开度影响次之、喂料速度影响最小。核桃壳仁混合物料气流分离最优运行参数为：调节阀开度1/2、1/4、1/8壳仁30°,1/16壳仁15°,两组分心木15°;卸风板开度1/2壳仁30°,1/4、1/8、1/16壳仁15°～30°,两组分心木30°～45°;喂料速度1/2、1/4、1/8、1/16壳仁分别为6、2、1、0.35 kg/min。在最优运行参数下,1/2、1/4、1/8、1/16壳仁的仁中含壳率分别为2.26%、1.07%、3.61%、5.57%,壳中含仁率分别为0.88%、054%、3.92%、6.85%。实际生产中建议整套设备原果核桃加工生产能力控制在600 kg/h以内。     

乌桕籽壳仁分离设备的改进与应用

0 前言 带壳油料的制油通常须经剥壳与壳仁分离工序,脱壳有利于提高工艺效果,而带壳压榨(或预榨浸出)会使油色加深、处理量减少,同时机械磨损增大,出油效率也相应降低。因此,壳、仁分离是剥壳后控制仁中含壳率的必不可少的环节。 我厂新安装的一套乌桕籽梓、皮油分榨工艺中,对于壳仁分离工序进行了改进,以前许多桕籽榨油厂大都采用传统的几台风车相     

棉籽加工预处理新工艺

采用剥壳机、圆打筛、仁壳分离筛、风筛比重组合分离机等设备,组成了一种新型的棉籽加工预处理新工艺.棉籽经过剥壳、分离处理后,壳中含仁率小于1%,仁中含壳率在1%左右;棉仁经过轧坯浸出后,可以降低粕中残油率,提高浸出生产能力10%,棉仁粕的蛋白质含量可以达到60%以上,大大提高了棉仁粕的利用价值.     

新型碾搓式葵花籽脱壳机

针对市面现有葵花籽剥壳机的不足,设计一种新型葵花籽剥壳机.该机由3层筛片除杂分级装置、两级间隙可调齿辊齿板式脱壳装置和葵花籽壳、葵花籽仁分离装置等组成.设计和验证试验表明,在齿辊转速600 r/min时,该机生产效率为950 kg/h;针对不同的原料,调整合适的齿辊齿板工作间隙,可使机器的一次性脱壳率达到87%,籽仁破损率低于2.1%.     

棉籽剥壳分离设备比较与选用

棉籽是仅次于大豆的重要油料作物，近年来国家对于棉籽蛋白的开发和利用也给与了巨大的重视。棉籽的剥壳分离工序对随后的几个工序以及棉籽蛋白的开发影响很大，现有的棉籽剥壳分离工艺与设备已不能适应生产发展的需要。最近几年我国的油脂科技人员进行了孜孜不倦的研究实验，革新开发了多种剥壳与仁壳分离设备并应用于生产中，但棉籽榨油与棉籽蛋白的开发对棉籽的剥壳与仁壳分离的要求是不同的，棉籽蛋白开发对仁壳分离后的仁中含壳要求很低，而棉籽榨油对仁中含壳要求不高，在选用剥壳分离设备时，一些厂家还存在一定的模糊认识，为此提出…     

无损伤栗果的微波爆壳工艺研究

栗果的脱壳去衣是板栗深加工的头道工序,历来是板栗加工的技术难题,已成为发展板栗加工业的制约因素。研究将微波技术引入栗果脱壳过程,以期找到一种有效的栗果脱壳去衣方法。研究结果表明:利用微波技术可实现对栗果的一次性脱壳去衣,一次性栗果爆壳率可达90%,栗果微波爆壳的合理工艺条件为:原料→ 称重分级 → 90℃预热干燥15 min →微波脉冲处理(平均功率495 W)→ 爆裂栗果 → 分离壳衣 → 栗仁(粉)。     

MLGT系列胶辊砻谷机

该机采用自动松紧辊装置自动控制快、慢辊的分离与合作,保证砻谷机的正常、安全工作;前辊（活动辊）实现A动跟进;电流过载自动保护系统：直观式电流表及电源控制开关使操作更加方便。具有技术先进、结构紧凑、性价比合理、操作简便、出米率高、有效减少破碎率等特点。其脱壳率80％～90％,含糙壳率〈0.8％,是新一代理想砻谷设备。     

油菜籽脱皮、挤压膨化、浸出制油新工艺的中试研究

报道了一种油菜籽脱皮、挤压膨化、浸出制油新工艺。油菜籽用YTPG100型油菜籽脱皮机脱皮，其脱皮率高达98%，仁皮分离后，仅含皮2%的菜籽仁再经PHJ100型高油份油料挤压膨化机处理，使膨化粒料的含油率下降至27%-28%，经过溶剂浸出后，菜籽粕中的残油率降低到1.5%以内，而粕中蛋白质含量上升到48%左右。     

油菜籽脱皮冷榨技术研究

油菜籽脱皮冷榨技术是近年来兴起的一项新技术，对油菜籽脱皮冷榨技术进行了系统研究，采用脱皮，皮仁分离装置，对油菜籽进行脱皮分离，然后通过调质技术，对油菜籽进行润湿，对榨油机的压缩比和压榨时间进行了研究，并作一些理论上的探讨。     

大豆冷脱皮技术的设计与实践

为了适应ALCON调质工艺技术要求，采用大豆冷脱皮工艺系统对大豆进行皮仁分离。介绍了此套工艺系统的设备设计、选型及应注意的问题。经过生产实践，达到了预定的设计要求，增加了不同蛋白含量(44％～46％)豆粕产品种类，降低了成本，增加了企业的经济效益。     

双低油菜籽资源综合开发产业化

双低油菜籽作为一种新的油料资源，具有广阔的应用前景。分析测定了双低油菜籽主要成分及蛋白质、植酸、硫甙和单宁的溶解度，并与普通油菜籽的组成成分进行了比较。着重论述了双低油菜籽综合开发产业化的几种主要途径：油菜籽脱皮、挤压膨化(低温压榨)、浸出制油新工艺；菜籽浓缩蛋白的制备；天然复合氨基酸粉的制备；菜籽皮壳的利用以及生物柴油的生产。     

Determination of caffeic and chlorogenic acids and their derivatives in different sunflower seeds

Five different genotypes (Tesoro, Marko, Clip, Vyp‐70 and Nanta) of sunflower seeds were studied and the phenolic compositions of their kernel and hull were characterised by HPLC and MS techniques. The main phenolic compounds present in both the kernel and hull are chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and two caffeoylquinic derivatives. Both derivatives were characterised by partial alkaline hydrolysis and LC/MS. The four phenolic compounds present in the kernel ranged from 94.6% (genotype Clip) to 99.3% (genotype Marko) of the total phenolic compounds of the whole seed. Therefore the dehulling of the seed scarcely improves its nutritional value. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

油菜籽加工工艺技术经济分析及发展趋势

对油菜籽制油的几种工艺进行了技术经济分析,并对未来5年内中国油菜籽加工业的发展趋势进行了预测.分析表明,脱皮制油新工艺的产出投资比和吨料加工利润均比未脱皮制油工艺高.随着新工艺、新技术、新设备的完善、成熟、推广和使用,我国油菜籽加工业的规模将向大型化发展,油菜籽的加工企业将更加重视油菜籽(特别是双低油菜籽)的综合加工利用和菜籽油的深加工.而目前的预榨-浸出制油工艺以其设备投资小、见效快等优点,在今后很长时间内仍将为我国多数油菜籽加工企业所采用.     

Mechanical stress on canola seed during dehulling

The mature canola seed comprises an embryo, a group of structures that have a high content of protein and oil, and a fibrous seed coat held together by endosperm tissues. High-quality canola meal production requires removal of fiber-rich seed hull that typically contributes little nutrient value. Canola hull accounts for more than 70.0% of the insoluble fiber within the seed, which limits its uses as feed. Dehulling canola seed, before oil extraction, increases the protein content and decreases fiber content in the meal, to up to 50.0% and to down to 10.0%, respectively. Due to the complexity in dehulling canola seeds, several methods have been explored by the canola processing industry. However, little research has been conducted in analyzing the effects that mechanical dehulling methods have on seeds. In this study, we conducted mechanical tests to characterize seed behavior and hull fracture under uncoupled stresses such as compression and shear;stresses generated by the common dehulling equipment used in the industry, such as mills. All tests were carried out on single seeds at different moisture contents, from 5.00% to 25.0% wet mass basis (w.b.). Over a range of moisture contents studied, shear loading mode limited deformation of embryos in comparison to compression loading. Additionally, hardness tests were performed with a nano-indenter machine to determine seed hull properties. The overall results from these experiments provided information used to construct a computational model that represents canola seed deformation under compression stress.     

油菜籽仁皮分离技术研究

为给油菜籽仁皮分离机的结构设计和操作参数选用提供可靠依据,试验测定了油菜籽仁、皮的容重和悬浮速度,并对油菜籽仁皮混合物的振动分层进行了试验研究,采用数理统计方法建立数学模型,探讨了振动强度对油菜籽仁皮振动分层效果的影响。     

Demucilaging and dehulling flaxseed with a wet process

A continuous wet process for demucilaging and dehulling of flaxseeds was proposed to recover mucilage fraction and hull fraction from flaxseed. Mucilage was obtained by aqueous extraction and demucilaged flaxseeds were milled and fractionated by water separation in mixing tanks. Hull-rich, kernel-rich and an inseparable fraction were obtained with yields of 52.6, 22.3 and 12.7 g/100 g, respectively, when disk gap was set as 0.4 mm. The hull content of kernel-rich fraction and kernel content of hull-rich fraction were determined as 20.9 and 11.1 g/100 g, respectively. Although 11.5% oil, 15.3% protein and 9.6% secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) were lost during the demucilaging and dehulling of flaxseed, SDG was enriched in the hull-rich fraction and the inseparable fraction, while flaxseed oil in the kernel-rich fraction. Compared with dry processes, the proposed wet process is time-consuming and requires substantial amount of water. However, it is continuous and easy to scale up, and can be economical when an aqueous extraction of oil is used. It is also a good alternative for recovery of flaxseed gum and enrichment of SDG.     

Moisture-dependent engineering properties of sunflower seeds with different structural characteristics

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of the moisture content of the seeds on engineering properties of sunflower hybrids with different structural characteristics. The properties were evaluated at seven levels of moisture from 2.0% to 20.1% (dry basis) for three selected sunflower hybrids. For both black-hull oilseed hybrid and confectionary hybrid, the variation in moisture content showed a statistically significant effect on dehulling ability, percentage of fines (broken grains with a diameter smaller than 2 mm) and all the physical properties studied (size, true density, bulk density, porosity, volume and weight, volumetric expansion coefficient, equivalent diameter and sphericity), except seed length in the confectionary hybrid and seed length and thickness in the black-hull oilseed hybrid. For the striped-hull oilseed hybrid, moisture content showed a significant effect only on dehulling ability, percentage of fines, seed width and thickness, bulk density and porosity. Of the oilseed hybrids, the striped hull genotype (higher hull content and both lower oil content and seed size) presented a higher dehulling ability. Nevertheless, the black hull hybrid resulted more sensitive to seed moisture changes. Although the confectionary hybrid showed a higher seed size, hull thickness and hull content, and lower oil content than the oilseed hybrids, the dehulling ability resulted fairly similar in the striped hull sunflower hybrids. The results suggest that sunflower seeds with different structural characteristics need to be conditioned with different moisture content before being subjected to the dehulling process.     

冷榨脱皮菜籽油氧化稳定性研究

油菜籽是我国最重要油料作物之一,冷榨脱皮菜籽油是绿色、无污染食用油脂产品。该研究采用Schaal烘箱加速法,以TBHQ、PG、VE为抗氧化剂、V_C为增效剂,及过氧化值为试验指标,研究光线、温度等对冷榨脱皮菜籽油抗氧化性能影响。结果表明,光线、温度对冷榨脱皮菜籽油氧化过程均有影响,且温度影响显著;TBHQ对冷榨脱皮菜籽油具有良好抗氧化效果,V_C具有协同增效作用,而PG和VE则无显著作用。