用锥形分层活性炭柱吸附去除对氯苯酚(英文)

The feasibility of adsorptive removal of single component organic compound(para-chlorophenol) by Calgon Filtrasorb 400(F400) carbon was investigated.The Redlich-Peterson equation was found to be the best fit model for describing the equilibrium relationship between the para-chlorophenol adsorption onto F400 carbon.Four adsorption columns with different column geometry and adsorbent particle stratification were used to examine the adsorption kinetics onto F400 carbons.The Bed Depth Service Time(BDST) model was applied and modified to analyse the performance of the columns and the effect of different operating variables.When combining the effects of adsorption efficiency and the associated pressure drop of each type of adsorption columns tested,the carbon stratified tapered column has been determined to be the most efficient engineering option for removing organics,in which the enhancement of the adsorbent bed in terms of longer breakthrough time and higher saturation percentage is the greatest amongst the four types of columns with reasonably small pressure drop across the fixed-bed column.     

ZL50活性炭吸附脱除二氧化硫的吸附动力学模型(英文)

A semi-empirical adsorption kinetic model was proposed with the time compensation method to describe the chemisorption of SO2 in flue gas by carbon adsorbents for flue gas purification. The change in adsorption capacity and adsorption rate with time at different water vapor concentrations and different SO2 concentrations was studied. The model was in good agreement with experimental data. The surface reaction was probably the rate controlling step in the early stage for SO2 adsorption by ZL50 activated carbon. The parameters m and n in the nth order adsorption kinetic model were related to the magnitude of the time compensation and adsorption driving force, respectively. The change of parameter n with water vapor concentrations and sulfur dioxide concentrations was studied and some physical implications were given. The sum of square errors was less than 1.0 and the average absolute percentage deviations ranged from 0.5 to 3.2. The kinetic model was compared with other models in the literature.     

竹制活性炭处理酸性染料废水吸附等温线模型的误差分析(英文)

High surface area activated carbons were produced by thermal activation of waste bamboo scaffolding with phosphoric acid.Single component equilibrium dye adsorption was conducted on the carbons produced and compared with a commercially available carbon.Two acid dyes with different molecular sizes,namely Acid Yellow 117(AY117) and Acid Blue 25(AB25),were used to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the produced carbons.It was found that the dye with smaller molecular size,AB 25,was readily adsorbed onto the produced carbon,nearly three times higher than a commercially available carbon,while the larger size dye,AY117,showed little adsorption.The experimental data were analyzed using isotherm equations including Langmuir,Freundlich,Tempkin,Toth,Redlich-Peterson and Sips equations.The equilibrium data were then analyzed using five different non-linear error analysis methods.     

磁性聚合物微球在Cr(VI)吸附分离中的应用(英文)

The magnetic poly-(methacrylate-divinyl benzene) microspheres with micron size were synthesized by modified suspension polymerization method.Adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by magnetic poly-(MA-DVB) microspheres with surface amination was investigated.The adsorption processes were carried out under diversified conditions of pH value,adsorption time and temperature to evaluate the performance of the mag-netic microspheres.The optimum pH value for Cr(VI) adsorption was found as 3.The adsorption capacity increased with adsorption time and attained an optimum at 60 min.The adsorption processes for magnetic microspheres was endothermic reaction,and the adsorption capacity increased with increasing temperature.     

活性炭纤维布吸附与电热脱附挥发性有机化合物研究进展(英文)

A general research program,focusing on activated carbon fiber cloths(ACFC) and felt for environmental protection was performed.The objectives were multiple:(i) a better understanding of the adsorption mechanisms of these kinds of materials;(ii) the specification and optimization of new processes using these adsorbents;(iii) the modeling of the adsorption of organic pollutants using both the usual and original approaches;(iv) applications of ACFC in industrial processes.The general question was:how can activated carbon fiber cloths and felts be used in air treatment processes for the protection of environment.In order to provide an answer,different approaches were adopted.The materials(ACFC) were characterized in terms of macro structure and internal porosity.Specific studies were performed to get the air flow pattern through the fabrics.Head loss data were generated and modeled as a function of air velocity.The performances of ACF to remove volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were approached with the adsorption isotherms and breakthrough curves in various operating conditions.Regeneration by Joule effect shows a homogenous heating of adsorber modules with rolled or pleated layers.Examples of industrial developments were presented showing an interesting technology for the removal of VOCs,such as dichloromethane,benzene,isopropyl alcohol and toluene,alone or in a complex mixture.     

废轮胎二氧化碳活化借助析因设计的系统分析(英文)

In this study,waste tire was used as raw material for the production of activated carbons through pyrolysis.Tire char was first produced by carbonization at 550℃ under nitrogen.A two factorial design was used to optimize the production of activated carbon from tire char.The effects of several factors controlling the activation process,such as temperature(850-950 ℃),time(2-6 h) and percentage of carbon dioxide(70%-100%) were investigated.The production was described mathematically as a function of these three factors.First order modeling equations were developed for surface area,yield and mesopore volume.It was concluded that the yield,BET surface area and mesopore volume of activated carbon were most sensitive to activation temperature and time while percentage of carbon dioxide in the activation gas was a less significant factor.     

硝酸浓度对橄榄石基活性炭特性的影响(英文)

In this work we investigated the effect of nitric acid concentration on the pore structure, surface chemistry and liquid phase adsorption of olive stone based activated carbon prepared by mixing process using phosphoric acid and steam as activating agents. Chemicals and textural characterization show that the increase of HNO3 concentration increases considerably the total acidic groups but decreases specific surface area and pore volume. The study of adsorption in aqueous solutions of two organics, phenol and methylene blue, on raw and oxidized activated carbon indicates that the treatment of mixed activated carbon with different concentrations of nitric acid improves the adsorbent capacity for methylene blue at HNO3 concentrations less or equal to 2 mol·L 1, while it has a negative effect on phenol adsorption.     

用椰壳制活性炭吸附去除三价铋离子(英文)

In present study,we report the preparation of coconut shell activated carbon as adsorbent and its appli-cation for Bi(Ⅲ) removal from aqueous solutions.The developed adsorbent was characterized with scanning elec-tron microscope(SEM),Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR),C,H,N,S analyzer,and BET surface area analyzer.The parameters examined include agitation time,initial concentration of Bi(Ⅲ),adsorbent dose and temperature.The maximum adsorption of Bi(Ⅲ)(98.72%) was observed at 250 mg·L-1 of Bi(Ⅲ) and adsorbent dose of 0.7 g when agitation was at 160 r·min-1 for 240 min at(299±2) K.The thermodynamic parameters such as Gibb’s free energy(△Gθ),enthalpy(△Hθ) and entropy(△Sθ) were evaluated.For the isotherm models applied to adsorption study,the Langmuir isotherm model fits better than the Freundlich isotherm.The maximum adsorption capacity from the Langmuir isotherm was 54.35 mg?g?1 of Bi(Ⅲ).The kinetic study of the adsorption shows that the pseudo second order model is more appropriate than the pseudo first order model.The result shows that,coconut shell ac-tivated carbon is an effective adsorbent to remove Bi(Ⅲ) from aqueous solutions with good adsorption capacity.     

微生物-化学耦合法再生活性炭的研究(英文)

In this study,spent activated carbon(AC) saturated with caramel was regenerated by using yeast and NaOH.The efficiency of regeneration was evaluated under parameters such as amount,treatment time,temperature,pH value,stirring temperature of yeast and NaOH concentration.The optimum condition for AC regeneration was 8 h for yeast treatment time,35 ℃ for 0.075% yeast culture temperature,a pH value of 6 for the yeast dealing with the spent AC,90 ℃ for NaOH stirring temperature of AC and 6% NaOH for washing after the spent AC was treated by yeast.Under these conditions,methylene blue(MB) adsorption was 213 mg·g-1 in comparison with 60 mg·g-1 of spent AC.The micro structure and surface area of the regenerated AC were characterized by scanning electron mi-croscope(SEM) and N2 sorption,respectively.The pore size distributions of virgin and regenerated AC were ana-lyzed by means of H-K equation,resulting in a mean pore diameter of 1.28 nm and a pore volume of 1.13 cm3·g-1.This study provides data for theoretical support of the AC regeneration technology.     

等温或非等温颗粒吸附动力学模型:应用于吸附热泵(英文)

Understanding the interaction between a fluid and a solid phase is of fundamental importance to the design of an adsorption process.Because the heat effects associated with adsorption are comparatively large,the as-sumption of isothermal behavior is a valid approximation only when uptake rates are relatively slow.In this article,we propose to determine when it is needed to choose the isothermal or non-isothermal assumption according to two physical parametersα(ratio convection/capacity) andβ(quantity of energy/capacity) .The proposed problem is solved by a mathematical method in the Laplace domain.Whenα→∞(infinitely high heat transfer coefficient) or β→0(infinitely large heat capacity) ,the limiting case is isothermal.When the diffusion is rapid(α10) the kinetics of sorption is controlled entirely by heat transfer.If the adsorption process is to be used as a heat pump,it shall be represented by an isotherm model withαandβas high as possible.     

膨润土吸附水中Cr(Ⅵ)的实验研究

研究了钠化膨润土对Cr6 的吸附行为,考察了溶液中Cr6 的初始质量浓度、吸附剂用量、pH、搅拌时间、温度、粒度等因素对膨润土吸附的影响.结果表明,钠化膨润土对于Cr6 的吸附在1h基本达到吸附平衡,吸附量随溶液pH的增大、温度的升高、膨润土粒度的增加以及溶液中Cr6 的初始质量浓度的增高而降低.在混合体系中,共存离子的存在影响金属离子的吸附效率,共存离子的质量浓度与Cr6 相近时,对Cr6 的吸附效果影响很大,其中,Zn2 的影响大于Pb2 ;共存离子的质量浓度远大于Cr6 时,Zn2 基本没有影响,Pb2 却能提高对Cr6 的吸附效率.     

生物油中提取热解木质素的性质分析(英文)

Bio-oil is a new liquid fuel produced by fast pyrolysis, which is a promising technology to convert biomass into liquid. Pyrolytic lignin extracted from bio-oil, a fine powder, contributes to the instability of bio-oil. The paper presents the structural features of three kinds of pyrolytic lignin extracted from bio-oil with different methods (WIF, HMM, and LMM). The pyrolytic lignin samples are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). FTIR data indicate that the three pyrolytic lignin samples have similar functional groups, while the absorption intensity is different, and show characteristic vibrations of typical lignocellulosic material groups O H (3340-3380 cm1), C H (2912-2929 cm1) and C O (1652-1725 cm1). Comparison in the region (3340-3380 cm1) indicates that WIF has more O H stretch groups than HMM and LMM. The carbon spectra are fitted to four peaks: C1, C C or C H, BE 283.5 eV; C2, C OR or C OH, BE 284.5-285.8 eV; C3, C O or HO C OR, BE 286.10-287.10 eV; C4, O C O, BE 287.5-287.7 eV. The absence of C1, C C or C H indicates the dominant polymerization structure of aromatic carbon in pyrolytic lignin samples. For HMM and WIF, C2a and C2b can not be separated, so there is no free hydroxyl group in the samples. The oxygen peaks are also fitted to four peaks: O1, OH, BE = 530.3 eV; O2, RC O, BE 531.45-531.72 eV; O3, O C O, BE = 532.73-533.74 eV; O4, H2O, BE 535 eV. The absence of O1 and O4 indicates that little hydroxyl groups and adsorbed water are present in the samples.     

磷酸改性柚子皮对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

比较改性前后柚子皮吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的能力差异,并对吸附原理进行分析。采用生物吸附法,研究其在不同条件下对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附效果。结果表明,当含Cr(Ⅵ)废水中投加未经处理的柚子皮时,在pH为2,Cr(Ⅵ)的初始浓度在1.0 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为1.0 g,反应温度为25℃,吸附10 min基本达到平衡,该吸附过程符合二级动力学公式和Freundlich吸附等温线。当含Cr(Ⅵ)废水中投加经磷酸改性的柚子皮时,在pH为2,Cr(Ⅵ)的初始浓度在50.0 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为1.0 g,反应温度为25℃,吸附20 min基本达到平衡,该吸附过程符合二级动力学公式和Langmuir吸附等温线。磷酸改性的柚子皮吸附能力更强,可作为新型吸附材料加以开发和利用。     

磷酸改性柚子皮对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

比较改性前后柚子皮吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的能力差异,并对吸附原理进行分析。采用生物吸附法,研究其在不同条件下对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附效果。结果表明,当含Cr(Ⅵ)废水中投加未经处理的柚子皮时,在pH为2,Cr(Ⅵ)的初始浓度在1.0 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为1.0 g,反应温度为25℃,吸附10 min基本达到平衡,该吸附过程符合二级动力学公式和Freundlich吸附等温线。当含Cr(Ⅵ)废水中投加经磷酸改性的柚子皮时,在pH为2,Cr(Ⅵ)的初始浓度在50.0 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为1.0 g,反应温度为25℃,吸附20 min基本达到平衡,该吸附过程符合二级动力学公式和Langmuir吸附等温线。磷酸改性的柚子皮吸附能力更强,可作为新型吸附材料加以开发和利用。     

固定化Aspergillus sp.吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的实验研究

采用包埋法固定Aspergillus sp．菌体制备成生物吸附剂,对水中的Cr^6 进行吸附实验。通过比较几种不同的固定化裁体,发现5％PVA 1％SA为最佳固定裁体。还研究了pH值、Cr^6 初始浓度、菌体浓度、吸附时间、共存离子等因素对Cr^6 吸附的影响,并对Aspergillus sp．菌体去除Cr^6 的吸附机理进行了探讨。     

稳定性条件驱动的结构演化:探索气固和气液系统的内在相似性(英文)

As the core of the Energy-Minimization Multi-Scale(EMMS) approach,the so-called stability condi-tion has been proposed to reflect the compromise between different dominant mechanisms and believed to be in-dispensable for understanding the complex nature of gas-solid fluidization systems.This approach was recently ex-tended to the study of gas-liquid bubble columns.In this article,we try to analyze the intrinsic similarity between gas-solid and gas-liquid systems by using the EMMS approach.First,the model solution spaces for the two systems are depicted through a unified numerical solution strategy,so that we are able to find three structural hierarchies in the EMMS model for gas-solid systems.This may help to understand the roles of cluster diameter correlation and stability condition.Second,a common characteristic of gas-solid and gas-liquid systems can be found by comparing the model solutions for the two systems,albeit structural parameters and stability criteria are specific in each system:two local minima of the micro-scale energy dissipation emerges simultaneously in the solution space of structure parameters,reflecting the compromise of two different dominant mechanisms.They may share an equal value at a critical condition of operating conditions,and the global minimum may shift from one to the other when the oper-ating condition changes.As a result,structure parameters such as voidage or gas hold-up exhibit a jump change due to this shift,leading to dramatic structure variation and hence regime transition of these systems.This demonstrates that it is the stability condition that drives the structure variation and system evolution,which may be the intrinsic similarity of gas-solid and gas-liquid systems.     

硅藻土吸附水中Cr(Ⅵ)的试验

利用硅藻土作吸附剂研究处理含铬电镀废水,介绍含铬电镀废水处理的一些常用方法,硅藻土在处理废水方面的基本特征和应用前景。实验以含铬模拟废水代替电镀废水进行研究,通过Cr(Ⅵ)与显色剂的显色反应,利用分光光度法测定硅藻土处理前后模拟废水中Cr(Ⅵ)浓度的变化。通过试验找出了最佳吸附条件,确定了吸附剂的用量,分析了吸附反应时间和废水pH值对铬去除率的影响。结果表明,在pH值为1～2,处理时间为25min时,去除率可达70%以上。     

不溶性腐殖酸吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

研究了不溶性腐殖酸对六价铬的吸附作用。进行了反应接触时间、pH值、IHA投加量、光照条件、温度等对反应的影响研究,确定了最佳反应条件,同时应用未处理的腐殖酸进行对比研究,说明不溶性腐殖酸的作用效果。试验表明在反应接触时间60 min、pH值为7左右、不溶性腐殖酸投加量为5 g/L和Cr(Ⅵ)的质量浓度为5.36 mg/L的条件下,不溶性腐殖酸对铬离子去除可达95%,比未处理的腐殖酸对铬离子去除提高近1倍。并绘制了不溶性腐殖酸对铬离子的反应动力学曲线和吸附等温线。     

生物吸附材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附研究进展

简述了Cr(Ⅵ)的来源及危害,并介绍了修复Cr(Ⅵ)污染水体的常用方法,主要介绍了生物吸附法,具体分析了静电吸附作用、氧化还原作用、络合作用、离子交换作用及氢键作用吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的相关机理,介绍了经济有效及预防二次污染解吸处理。最后,生物吸附材料吸附Cr(Ⅵ)作出展望。