胺苯磺隆在土壤中的残留及对玉米的药害研究

分别采用土部和水培法测定了不同含量胺苯磺隆对玉米根、芽和茎叶生长的影响。结果表明：土培１５天,胺苯磺隆对玉米根重和干重的Ｉ５０分别为５．６９ｎｇ／ｇ和１６．１８ｎｇ／ｇ,ＩＣ１０分别为０．１４ｎｇ／ｇ和０．４２ｎｇ／ｇ。对玉米茎叶鲜重和干重的抑制率低于对根鲜重和干重的抑制率,水培４天,胺苯磺隆对玉米根鲜重的ＩＣ５０和ＩＣ１０分别为１７．０４ｎｇ／ｍｌ和１．３７ｎｇ／ｍｌ。胺苯磺隆对玉米根鲜重的抑制     

胺苯磺隆对水稻的药害研究

胺苯磺隆对油菜安全,对水稻有药害。（１）水培条件下,以幼根长度计,胺苯磺隆对水稻幼苗的ＥＣ５０＝１ｍｇ／Ｌ。（２）土培条件下,浸种露白后直妆播种子含胺苯磺隆的土壤,培养２０天,以植株鲜重计,药液在土壤中的ＥＣ５０为１３．０８μｇ／ｋｇ。育秧４天,７天的秧苗移植于含胺苯磺隆的土壤,培养２０天,以植株鲜重计,药液丰土壤中分ＥＣ５０分别为４６．５２μｇ／ｋｇ,４４μｇ／ｋｇ。（３）７天秧苗进行移栽培养,     

25g/L五氟磺草胺OD防除移栽水稻田主要杂草应用技术

为明确浙江中山化工集团股份有限公司25 g/L五氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂对移栽水稻田主要杂草的防除效果及对水稻的安全性,于2017年开展了田间药效试验。结果表明:25 g/L五氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂对稗草、异型莎草、泽泻、陌上菜、鸭舌草等杂草防效良好,且对水稻生长安全。药后45 d,25 g/L五氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂对水稻移栽田杂草的总草株防效为81.9%~94.9%,鲜重防效为81.3%~95.8%。25 g/L五氟磺草胺可分散油悬浮剂田间推荐有效成分用量为15~45 g/hm~2。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定阿奇霉素中金属铂的研究

借助ICP-MS,建立了一种简单、快速的阿奇霉素铂含量的分析方法。在0.1~20μg/L浓度范围内,铂含量的响应值与其对应浓度呈线性关系,其相关系数为0.9999;方法检测限和定量限分别为0.0048 mg/kg和0.016 mg/kg;加标回收实验显示,在(0.1μg/L、6μg/L、20μg/L)3种浓度水平下,各回收率均大于70%,符合分析测试要求。     

50%噻吩·苯磺隆WG防除春小麦田阔叶杂草效果及安全性

通过田间药效试验明确50%噻吩·苯磺隆水分散粒剂对春小麦田阔叶杂草的防除效果和田间推荐使用剂量。试验结果表明,50%噻吩·苯磺隆水分散粒剂能够有效防除春小麦田阔叶杂草,且对小麦安全。施药后40 d,50%噻吩·苯磺隆水分散粒剂22.5~37.5 g/hm2处理对总草株数防效为79.17%~83.21%,鲜重防效为90.23%~92.58%,春小麦增产率为20.06%~29.49%。50%噻吩·苯磺隆水分散粒剂的田间推荐有效成分用量为22.5~37.5 g/hm2,于小麦3~5叶、杂草5~8叶期进行1次茎叶喷施。     

同时测定双氟磺草胺和甲基二磺隆的高效液相色谱法研究

本文建立了一种可同时测定双氟磺草胺和甲基二磺隆的高效液相色谱(HPLC)快速检测方法。该方法采用填料粒径为5.0μm,规格为4.6×150 mm的Sunfire C18色谱柱,以乙腈-0.01%磷酸溶液=40.0∶60.0(V∶V)体系为流动相,等度洗脱,柱温为35.0℃,流速为1.000 m L/min,用二极管阵列检测器(PDA)分别在260 nm和235 nm波长对试样中的双氟磺草胺和甲基二磺隆进行分离与定量分析。结果表明,该方法中双氟磺草胺和甲基二磺隆在0.050 0mg/L-1.00 mg/L浓度范围内,峰面积与其浓度具有良好的线性关系(相关系数为0.999 7和0.999 9);在0.050 0mg/L浓度下,双氟磺草胺与甲基二磺隆的标准偏差分别为82.0、81.7,相对标准偏差分别为4.45%、3.32%;在10.0mg/L浓度下,标准偏差分别为482、537,相对标准偏差分别为0.153%、0.123%;回收率分别为95.0%~111%和97.0%~107%。该法简便、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好、回收率高,可用于复配农药制剂中双氟磺草胺·甲基二磺隆含量的测定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水稻中乙氧磺隆和双环磺草酮的残留量

建立液相色谱—串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)检测乙氧磺隆和双环磺草酮在水稻中残留分析方法。样品经乙腈溶液涡旋提取,NaCl盐析,0.25 g MgSO₄、0.05 g PSA和0.05 g C18净化后,采用电喷雾离子源正离子扫描,多反应监测(MRM)模式下,外标法定量。结果表明：在0.001～0.5μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R²)>0.99。当添加浓度为0.01～1.0 mg/kg时,在糙米中的平均回收率为84%～107%,相对标准偏差为1%～8%。当添加浓度为0.05～2.5 mg/kg时,在0.001～0.5μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R²)>0.99。在稻壳中的平均回收率为86%～101%,相对标准偏差为2%～8%;在秸秆中的平均回收率为87%～99%,相对标准偏差为6%～11%。乙氧磺隆和双环磺草酮在糙米中的定量限为0.01 mg/kg,在稻壳和秸秆中的定量限为0.05 mg/kg。     

75%磺酰磺隆WG防除春小麦田杂草及安全性研究

为明确75%磺酰磺隆WG对春小麦田杂草的防除效果及对当季春小麦和后茬作物的安全性影响,采用茎叶喷雾处理进行了田间药效试验。结果表明:施药后45 d,75%磺酰磺隆WG 10~40 g/hm2对北方春小麦田稗草、狗尾草、藜和卷茎蓼株防效和鲜重防效均在84.8%以上,且对春小麦安全。75%磺酰磺隆WG对当季后茬敏感作物白菜、油菜、生菜的根长、株鲜重有不同程度的抑制作用。75%磺酰磺隆WG在春小麦田喷雾使用可以有效防除禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草,但当季后茬不能种植敏感作物白菜、油菜、生菜。     

36%吡嘧·丙草胺可湿性粉剂高效液相色谱分析

采用高效液相色谱法,以甲醇+水为流动相,使用Kromat Universil C_(18)、5μm为填料的不锈钢色谱柱和紫外检测器,在240nm波长下对吡嘧·丙草胺进行分离和定量分析。结果表明,该方法在吡嘧磺隆浓度为0.039 8～0.298 7mg/mL、丙草胺浓度为0.519 6～3.005 1 mg/mL时呈线性。相关系数吡嘧磺隆为0.999 9,丙草胺为0.999 9;标准偏差吡嘧磺隆为0.063 2,丙草胺为0.089 4;变异系数吡嘧磺隆为2.528%,丙草胺为0.266 1%;平均回收率吡嘧磺隆为100.4%,丙草胺为100.4%。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定药肥中吡嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺

以除草剂吡嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺为例,对液相色谱在药肥分析中的应用进行了研究。建立了同时测定药肥复配产品(药肥)中吡嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺的液相色谱分析方法。试样用甲醇溶解后,采用C18不锈钢色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),在流动相为V(甲醇)/V(水)(用磷酸调pH=3)=65∶35、紫外检测波长为241 nm的条件下,对产品中的吡嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺用液相色谱法进行了分离和定量。结果表明,吡嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺在6～100μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数≥0.9998,变异系数分别为3.93%和2.82%,回收率均在98.29%～100.47%。该方法能够用于药肥复配产品中低含量除草剂吡嘧磺隆和苯噻酰草胺的同时测定。     

胺苯黄隆残留对早稻药害的研究

据１９９３－１９９５４上试验表明，在冬季１２月１５日前亩施胺苯黄隆１．５克以下，对后茬早稻安全，对早稻返青活棵，分蘖成穗，穗粒结构及产量均无不良影响。油菜田施用胺苯黄隆后１８０天，对水稻秧苗仍有残留药害。因此，油菜后茬可移栽水稻，但不能作水稻秧田或直播水稻。     

Growth Inhibitory Effects of Nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus) on Rice (Oryza sativa) Seedlings

Growth inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts and leachates of leaves and tubers of Cyperus rotundus L. were investigated by using rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedling as a bioassay material. Both the extracts and leachates of Cyperus were inhibitory to the growth of rice seedlings. Growth inhibition was more pronounced in the presence of aqueous extracts than the leachates. The extract and leachate of leaves had higher total phenolic contents than those of the tubers. Soil amendment with fresh leaves of Cyperus reduced plant height, leaf area, and root and shoot weight of rice seedlings. Total phenolic content was higher in soil amended with fresh Cyperus leaves than the unamended control soil. Nineteen compounds were tentatively identified from the aqueous extracts of leaves and tubers by ethyl acetate extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Dicarboxylic, phenolic, and fatty acids were the major compounds. Our results suggest that Cyperus may affect the growth and establishment of rice seedlings after sowing or transplanting, especially when Cyperus plants are mixed in soil during land preparation by ploughing in rain-fed rice culture.     

腐植酸类水稻育秧剂适宜酸度研究

2006年3月至5月在辽宁普天同乐肥业有限公司试验基地安排了腐植酸水稻育秧剂适宜酸度试验,并与抚顺育秧剂进行对比。结果表明,腐植酸水稻育秧剂能增加株高、根长、叶片长、叶片宽和基茎粗,分别比对照增加4.17%～12.28%,1.03%～6.63%,3.05%～9.91%,1.30%～13.64%,3.09%～8.25%;根鲜重、茎叶鲜重、根干重、茎叶干重、总鲜重和总干重分别比对照增加12.36%～47.19%,11.76%～30.15%,25.00%～37.50%,8.82%～29.41%,12.00%～36.00%,14.00%～30.00%;根系的总吸收面积和活跃吸收面积分别比对照增加12.15%～74.24%和12.54%～74.49%。试验结果表明,利用中性和弱酸性草甸土育苗,腐植酸育秧剂适宜pH值为4或5。     

利谷隆对穗状狐尾藻的毒性影响

[目的]通过科学评价利谷隆对穗状狐尾藻的毒性效应,为该农药的生态环境风险评估提供基础数据。[方法]试验采用半静态法,将穗状狐尾藻暴露14 d,观察其生长状态,确定利谷隆在水沉积物系统中对穗状狐尾藻营养生长的影响。[结果]利谷隆对穗状狐尾藻茎长、根长、整株长度、鲜重及干重的14 d平均比生长率抑制半效应浓度(14 d-ErC50)分别为0.278、0.331、0.225、0.390、0.318 mg/L,平均生物量增长量抑制半效应浓度(14 d-EyC50)分别为0.173、0.259、0.164、0.247、0.222 mg/L。[结论]利谷隆对穗状狐尾藻茎长、根长、整株长度、鲜重及干重的生长影响在低质量浓度(0.03 mg/L)时表现出刺激作用;高质量浓度(2.43 mg/L)时对茎长、根长、整株长度、鲜重及干重的抑制呈现良好的剂量-效应关系,即随着利谷隆溶液浓度增加,抑制作用呈上升趋势。     

Allelopathy of oats. II. Allelochemical effect ofl-Tryptophan and its concentration in oat root exudates

l-Tryptophan caused growth inhibition of roots and hypocotyls (or coleoptiles) of cockscomb (Amaranthus caudatus L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cress (Lepidium sativum L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.), increasing the dose ofl-tryptophan increased the inhibition. The concentrations for 50% inhibition of the root growth were 0.14, 0.15, 0.21, 0.79, 0.95, 1.7, and 2.4 mM for cockscomb, cress, lettuce, timothy, rice, wheat, and oat, respectively; the concentrations for 40% inhibition of the hypocotyl (or coleoptile) growth were 0.28, 0.33, 0.43, 2.7, 4.5, 7.2, and 15 mM for cockscomb, cress, lettuce, timothy, rice, wheat and oat, respectively. The levels ofl-tryptophan in oat seedlings and in its root exudates were 29.3 mg/kg fresh wt and 0.25 mM under light conditions, and 21.1 mg/kg fresh wt and 0.18 mM under dark conditions, respectively. The presence ofl-tryptophan in the root exudates coupled with its effect on growth suggested thatl-tryptophan may play an important role in the growth inhibition of other plants in nature.     

半叶素对几种作物苗期的生物活性研究

笔者研究了不同浓度的半叶素、24-表芸苔素内酯处理对西瓜、番茄和水稻幼苗生长的影响,结果表明,半叶素、24-表芸苔素内酯均能促进幼苗生长,其中半叶素25 mg/L、24-表芸苔素内酯0.05、0.1mg/L在促进西瓜、番茄和水稻株高增长方面差异显著,增长率分别为番茄:20.2％、20.2％、22.6％;西瓜:75％、5...     

D311A树脂吸附五氯苯酚钠的研究

研究了D311A树脂对五氯苯酚钠的吸附性能。结果表明,pH控制在5~9范围内,D311A树脂对五氯苯酚钠有良好的吸附效果,最大静态吸附量为10.2 mg五氯苯酚钠/g树脂。等温吸附符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温式,相关系数在0.99以上。柱长20.0 cm,内径1.0 cm,内装2.5 g D311A树脂的吸附柱对流速为2.0 mL/min、浓度为20μg/mL的五氯苯酚钠(50 mL)吸附率可达98%。负载柱可用0.1 mol/L NaOH完全洗脱。     

Mimosine-inhibited seed germination,seedling growth,and enzymes ofOryza sativa L

The effect of mimosine (50 ppm and 100 ppm concentrations) onOryza sativa (rice) seed germination; root and shoot growth, i.e., length and fresh weight of seedlings; activities of nitrate reductase, peroxidase, catalase, and IAA oxidase were investigated. Significant inhibition in seed germination and shoot length was noted. Root length was inhibited by 100 ppm mimosine; however, the 50 ppm was not significant. Root and shoot fresh weight was not significantly inhibited by the tested concentrations of mimosine. Significant inhibition in activities of nitrate reductase, peroxidase and its isoenzymes, catalase, and IAA oxidase was observed. Ecophysiological implications of mimosine phytotoxicity are discussed.     

敌克松解除莠去津对水稻药害的使用技术研究

利用生测法测得直播及移栽京稻１９对土壤中莠去津的最高耐受极限浓度分别为００６和０．０８ｍｇ／ｋｇ。土壤中莠去津含量低于它们的此极限浓度时对水稻的生长有促进作用，高于此限值则抑制水稻生长。水稻对莠去津的耐受力随秧龄的增大而增强。敌克松对莠去津有明显的解毒效果，土壤处理浓度在８．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ以上及沾根处理００１～００４ｇ／株，能解除土壤中高达０６ｍｇ／ｋｇ莠去津对水稻的药害。而敌克松浸种处理不仅无解毒效果，反而对稻种有损害，降低水稻种子的发芽率     

Investigations on some aspects of chemical ecology of cogongrass,Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.

To understand the interference mechanism of the weed, cogongrass,Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv., its effect on nutrient availability and mycoflora of its soil rhizosphere as well as nodule characteristics, root length, and root/shoot ratio of Melilotus parviflora Desf. were investigated. Additionally, the effect of the leachates of leaves and root/rhizome of cogongrass on seed germination and seedling characteristics of radish, mustard, fenugreek, and tomato were examined. Furthermore, to assess the qualitative and quantitative differences in phytochemical components, the leachates and the soils from three sampling sites (with cogongrass and 1.5 m and 3 m away from cogongrass) were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a C18 column. No significant difference in nutrient availability was found, but qualitative and quantitative differences in phenolic fractions were recorded in the three sampling sites. Furthermore, of the 19 fungi recorded in the soils, decreases in the number of colonies (per gram of soil) ofAspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A. candidus, and an increase of A. flavus was recorded in the soils with cogongrass. The inhibition in nodule number, weight, nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction activity), root length, and root/shoot ratio of Melilotus parviflora were noted. Percent seed germination, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings of different seeds were affected by the leachates of leaves and root/rhizome. It was found that root/rhizome leachate was more inhibitory than leaf leachate. However, the inhibition was higher in soil+leaves leachate than soil+root/rhizome leachate. HPLC analysis established that four compounds were contributed by the weed to the soil system even though their relative concentration varies in various leachates. It is surmised that these compounds cause allelopathic inhibition of growth characteristics of seeds tested. Significance of the data vis-a-vis the interference potential of the cogongrass is discussed.