基于独立分量分析的极化SAR图像的相干斑抑制

研究基于独立分量分析( ICA)的极化合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像相干斑抑制方法。该方法将极化SAR图像斑点噪声的乘积模型,变换为应用ICA的信号独立加噪模型。并且将HV/VV的比值图像,也作为ICA的输入数据。利用ICA 的分离性,得到了分别对应于HH、HV和VV极化的三幅降噪图像。经本文方法处理后的图像,其相干斑噪声得到了有效的抑制,具有较高的等效视数,明显地改善了图像的质量。     

基于ICA和SNF的SAR机场目标提取

针对合成孔径雷达(SAR)影像相干斑噪声强烈且分布形式及参数获取困难的问题,提出一种基于独立分量分析(ICA)和序列非线性滤波(SNF)实现多极化SAR影像相干斑噪声抑制和机场目标快速提取方法。利用ICA从多极化SAR影像中自动分离出图像数据与相干斑噪声,自动选择相干斑指数最小的分量为图像分量。通过SNF从分离出的图像分量中提取出机场目标。采用ENVISAT ASAR多极化影像进行实验,结果表明该方法能快速准确地提取多极化SAR影像中的机场目标。     

改进的P-M扩散方程在相干斑抑制中的应用

直接基于Perona-Malik扩散方程的滤波算法对于加性噪声非常有效,但是对于乘性噪声（如合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像相干斑噪声）收效甚微。提出了一种基于改进的Perona-Malik扩散方程抑制SAR图像相干斑噪声的新算法。分析对数变化对相干斑噪声的影响,为将P-M扩散方程应用于相干斑噪声抑制奠定了理论基础;通过P-M扩散和稳健统计学的联系,建立了基于Biweight Estimator误差模型的扩散系数;同时利用非线性衰减技术对梯度阈值的选择改进。实验表明,该方法不仅有效抑制了SAR图像相干斑噪声,较好地保持了细节和边缘信息,而且视觉效果比较好。     

采用相干斑抑制图割的SAR海冰图像分割

针对SAR海冰图像分割受相干斑噪声干扰严重的问题,在MRF框架下,提出一种分割新算法—SRGB-RMRF。算法首先根据相干斑噪声统计特性,对传统graph-based方法的梯度和区域内部差异计算公式重新定义,得到适用于SAR图像的相干斑抑制graph-based(SRGB)初始分割新方法。其次,结合区域间强度差异,在SRGB方法得到的区域邻接图上构建区域MRF模型。在合成SAR海冰图像和真实SAR海冰图像上的实验结果表明,与现有区域MRF算法相比,SRGB-RMRF算法能够实现更为准确的SAR海冰图像分割。     

基于BayesShrink软阈值的Bandelet域SAR图像去噪

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像产生的相干斑噪声是一种乘性噪声,严重影响SAR图像的质量.本文提出一种新的极化SAR图像的去噪方法,该方法对极化SAR图像进行自适应Bandelets阈值方法,阈值采用BayesShrink软阈值方法,将其应用于自适应Bandelets系数.通过实验对比,证实此法与小波阈值去噪相比,能够更好地...     

SAR图像去斑方法

合成孔径雷达图像固有的相干斑噪声严重降低了图像的可解译程度，影响了后续目标检测、分类和识别等应用。因此，SAR图像的相干斑抑制问题一直是SAR图像应用的重要课题之一。一个理想的去斑算法应该在平滑的同时保持图像的边缘等细节不受损失，目前存在各种各样的算法，但没有一种方法能够完美的满足这一要求。本文对SAR图像的相干斑抑制问题进行了全面系统的研究，分析了相干斑的形成原因，总结了目前存在的相干斑抑制算法的主要思路，介绍了具有代表性的算法，并对各种算法的性能进行了定性分析和比较，给出了去斑算法定量评估方法，展望了SAR图像相干斑抑制的发展方向。     

基于Curvelet域隐马尔可夫树模型的SAR图像去噪

从SAR图像相干斑噪声的统计特点出发,将Curvelet变换与隐马尔可夫树(HMT)模型相结合,提出了一种基于Curvelet域隐马尔可夫树(HMT)模型的图像去噪方法.利用HMT模型捕获Curvelet系数之间的尺度从属性,较好地实现了普通图像去噪和SAR图像的相干斑噪声抑制,同时分析了文中算法的去噪机理和计算复杂度.仿真实验证明,与小波域HMT模型方法和Curvelet变换方法比较,主观视觉效果和数值指标都有明显改进.平滑指数(FJ)值大小适中,水平和垂直边缘保持指数(ESI)平均提高了约0.2～O.3.     

基于改进栈式核稀疏深度模型的大规模极化SAR地物分类算法

地物分类是极化SAR应用的一个重要分支。传统的地物分类方法需要提取特征,通过分类器进行分类。在栈式稀疏自编码模型的基础上,提出一种鲁棒的极化SAR地物分类算法。采用基于Morlet小波核的最小二乘支撑向量机代替深度模型中常用的Softmax分类器。通过与栈式稀疏自编码网络相结合,在一定程度上克服了传统极化SAR影像地物分类方法受相干斑噪声影响,且结果过于粗糙的缺点,保证了分类结果中非匀质区域的连贯性和匀质区域的一致性。真实极化SAR数据仿真实验结果表明,该算法可以有效地提高分类精度,降低相干斑噪声的对分类精度的影响。     

基于卡尔曼滤波的SAR图像边缘检测方法

针对传统 Canny 边缘检测算法对合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的相干斑噪声抑制程度 太高,导致大量边缘的真实信息丢失问题,提出一种新型 Canny 算子边缘检测算法。首先建立 合适的非对称半平面区域(NSHP)图像模型,将空间模型转换成卡尔曼滤波可适用的系统状态方 程;然后用“预测+反馈”的方式对图像去噪;最后通过双阈值算法提取图像的边缘。仿真实验表 明,该方法可以有效地抑制 SAR 图像中的相干斑噪声,同时能较好地保留图像的边缘信息,相 对于传统的 Canny 算法有较好的检测效果。     

基于多小波域SOT结构的SAR图像去噪与压缩算法

合成孔径雷达（SAR）图像固有的相干斑噪声严重影响了SAR图像的判读和进一步压缩处理,提出一种在多小波域将空间方向树（SOT）去噪与压缩相结合的SAR图像压缩算法。首先利用SOT对高频子带的多小波系数进行软阈值去噪,滤除相干斑噪声;然后采用改进的多级树集合分裂（SPIHT）算法编码形成嵌入式码流。利用大量的机载SAR图像对该算法进行了仿真验证,实验结果表明采用该算法进行SAR图像压缩提高了重建图像的PSNR,同时对相干斑噪声进行了有效的抑制。     

Applications of ICA for the enhancement and classification of polarimetric SAR images

Independent components analysis (ICA) based methods for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image speckle reduction and ground object classification are studied. Several independent components can be extracted from polarimetric SAR images using ICA directly. The component with lowest speckle index is regarded as the scene after speckle reduction. The disadvantage of this method is that only one image is kept and most polarization information will be lost. In this paper, we use ICA‐sparse‐coding shrinkage (ICA‐SPS) based speckle reduction method, which is implemented on each individual image and can keep polarization information. It is carried out on the combined channels obtained by Pauli‐decomposition rather than original polarization channels in order to keep relative phase information among polarization channels and get better performance. After ICA‐SPS, the effect of speckle suppression on SAR image classification can be compared favourably with other methods by combining the channels into a false colour image. At last, a new ICA‐based classification method is presented. In this method, four independent components are separated by ICA from five polarization and combined channels. One of these independent components which includes little ground object information is regarded as speckle noise and therefore be discarded. The remaining three components can be treated as subordination coefficients of three kinds of targets. A classified image can be obtained based on the components. And by composing these three channels in RGB colour pattern, a false colour image can be constructed.     

Automated delineation of coastline from polarimetric SAR imagery

In this paper we present a new diffusion-based method for the delineation of coastlines from space-borne polarimetric SAR imagery of coastal urban areas. Both polarimetric filtering and speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion (SRAD) are exploited to generate a base image where speckle is reduced and edges are enhanced. The primary edge information is then derived from the base image using the instantaneous coefficient of variation edge detector. Next, the resulting edge image is parsed by a watershed transform, which partitions the image into disjoint segments where the division lines between segments are collocated with detected edges. The over-segmentation problem associated with the watershed transform is solved by a region merging technique that combines neighbouring segments with similar radar brightness. As a result, undesired boundary segments are eliminated and true coastlines are correctly delineated. The proposed algorithm has been applied to a space-borne polarimetric SAR dataset, demonstrating a good visual match between the detected coastline and the manually contoured coastline. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with those of two polarimetric SAR classification algorithms and two edge-based shoreline detection methods that are tailored to single polarization SAR images. Experimental results are shown using polarimetric SAR data from Hong Kong.     

Study on segmentation and interpretation of multi-look polarimetric SAR images

The segmentation and interpretation of multi-look polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is studied. We first introduce a multi-look polarimetric whitening filter (MPWF) to reduce the speckle in multi-look polarimetric SAR images. Then, by utilizing the wavelet multiresolution approach to extract the texture information in different scales and the Markov random field (MRF) model to characterize the spatial constraints between pixels in each scale level, a multiresolution segmentation algorithm (MSA) to segment the speckle-reduced SAR images is presented. The MSA first segments the image at the lowest resolution level and then proceeds to progressively higher resolutions until individual pixels are well classified. An unsupervised step to estimate both the optimal number of texture classes and their model parameters is also included in the MSA so that the segmentation can be implemented without supervision. Finally, in order to interpret the results of the unsupervised segmentation and to understand the whole polarimetric SAR image, we develop an image interpretation approach which jointly utilizes the scattering mechanism identification and target decomposition approaches. Experimental results with the real-world multi-look polarimetric SAR image demonstrate the effectiveness of the segmentation and interpretation approaches.     

改进的基于非局部均值的极化SAR相干斑抑制

贝叶斯形式的非局部均值模型在极化SAR图像相干斑抑制中有良好的应用,在实现抑制相干斑的同时较好地保持了边缘细节和点目标.通过分析合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像多视数据的空间统计分布,结合贝叶斯形式的非局部均值模型,得出在该模型下多视与单视SAR图像中像素间相似性度量函数一致性的结论,并对该相似性度量函数进行了修正,使之满足对称性;最后针对算法全局使用一个固定滤波参数影响滤波效果的问题,提出一种根据像素间相似程度自适应选取滤波参数的方法.实验结果验证了本文算法的有效性.     

基于静态小波分解的多尺度SAR图象滤波

由于雷达回波的相干性 ,合成孔径雷达 (SAR)图象上存在着斑点噪声 ,因此 ,为消除这种噪声 ,提出了一种基于静态小波分解的硬阈值滤波方法 ,该方法首先将 SAR图象分解至静态小波域 ,然后在静态小波域中将噪声的小波系数收缩至零 .将此算法应用于 ERS- 1SAR图象斑点噪声滤波 ,并与基于 Mallat分解的滤波算法和另外 3种典型的 SAR图象滤波算法进行比较 ,结果表明 ,该方法不仅可以有效地去除斑点噪声 ,并且可以保持 SAR图象的精细纹理结构     

基于静态小波分解的多尺度SAR图像滤波

由于雷达回波的相干性，合成孔径雷达（SAR）图象上存在着斑点噪声，因此，为消除这种噪声，提出了一种基于静态小波分解的硬阈值滤波方法，该方法首先将SAR图象分解至静态小波域，然后在静态小波域中将噪声的小波系数收缩至零，将此算法应用于ERS－1 SAR图象斑点噪声滤波，并与基于Mallat分解的滤波算法和另外3种典型的SAR图象滤波算法进行比较，结果表明，该方法不仅可以有效地去除斑点噪声,并且可以保持SAR图象的精细纹理结构。     

Polarimetric SAR statistical analysis using alpha-stable distribution and its application in optimal despeckling

In this article, the statistical model of the polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) single-look complex image is analysed using alpha-stable distribution. It is better to use alpha-stable distribution than Gaussian distribution to represent the statistical characteristics of the polarimetric SAR image. A polarimetric SAR covariance matrix estimation method based on fractional lower-order statistics (FLOS) is proposed. Based on this model, an adaptive polarimetric SAR optimal despeckling method based on FLOS is developed. This algorithm adaptively estimates the characteristic exponents of each channel and uses these estimated alphas to calculate the parameters for the optimal despeckling adaptively. The experiments using polarimetric SAR data demonstrate that the proposed method not only reduces the blurs that occur in the area of impulsive reflectors in the result of the original optimal despeckling method, but also maintains the speckle reduction ability (equivalent number of looks).     

改进极化白化滤波的边缘检测

针对SAR影像边缘检测受斑点噪声影响严重和极化信息利用不充分的问题,用滑动模板边缘两侧目标的协方差矩阵代替了极化白化滤波中杂波背景与窗口中心的协方差矩阵,提出一种基于改进极化白化滤波的边缘检测新方法,充分利用了极化通道间的相关性,在有效抑制斑点噪声的同时,提高了极化信息的利用率。模拟和真实极化影像的实验验证了新方法的有效性。