激光沉积修复GH738合金时效热处理组织及性能

研究了双极时效热处理对激光沉积修复GH738合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果显示:沉积态显微组织为典型的外延柱状枝晶,枝晶间距约为10μm。经过时效处理后,修复区组织开始长大、合并。沉积态未发现γ′相,枝晶间存在立方状的MC型碳化物,枝晶干存在颗粒状M_23C_6型碳化物。经双级时效处理后,修复区析出γ′相:稳定化温度为820℃时,γ′相平均尺寸约为37 nm,碳化物在晶界处呈断续状析出。随着稳定化温度升高,γ′相及碳化物尺寸均有所增大,其中稳定化温度为840℃时,γ′相平均尺寸约为76 nm,碳化物呈项链状析出;稳定化温度为860℃时,γ′相平均尺寸无明显增大,部分γ′相发生明显粗化,尺寸达到150 nm,晶界处碳化物开始呈包膜状析出。力学性能测试结果显示:时效处理后试样抗拉强度明显提高,随着稳定化温度升高,抗拉强度先升高后降低,断后伸长率不断降低。     

熔体超温处理对GH742返回料凝固组织和力学性能的影响

采用熔体超温处理方法考察了熔体超温处理温度对GH742返回料凝固组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：当熔体超温处理温度低于1550℃时,随熔体超温处理温度的升高,晶粒和枝晶组织显著细化,枝晶偏析和合金中N、O、S元素含量降低,然而,进一步升高至1600℃,晶粒和枝晶组织粗化、枝晶偏析增大、合金中N、O含量升高。熔体超温处理显著影响枝晶干γ′相特征,却对MC型碳化物影响较小。MC型碳化物形貌为棒状或块状,且随熔体超温处理温度升高无明显变化,但尺寸和面积分数均略微减小。枝晶干γ′相形态则随熔体超温处理升高由近球形向近立方状转变,尺寸呈现先增后减趋势。合适的熔体超温处理可显著提高返回料的室温拉伸强度,但对塑性无明显影响,其原因被归因于凝固组织的变化。     

激光成形修复K418高温合金的显微组织与开裂行为

研究了激光成形修复航空发动机涡轮叶片用K418高温合金的组织特征与开裂行为。研究发现:K418合金激光修复区组织主要由γ-FeCr0.29Ni0.16C0.06固溶体基体、方形γ′相、枝晶间杆状或骨架状初生MC碳化物和骨架状(γ+MC)共晶组成。激光成形修复所用铸件基体中MC碳化物为TiC,呈块状分布在晶内和晶界;而激光修复区中MC碳化物为(NbTi)C,呈骨架状或杆状分布于枝晶间。从基体、热影响区到修复区,γ′相形貌、尺寸和数量呈现不同特征。修复区裂纹为与液膜有关的结晶裂纹,裂纹沿枝晶晶界扩展。通过试验优化,确定了较佳的激光成形修复K418合金的工艺参数,大大降低了其开裂倾向。     

激光沉积修复DZ125组织与摩擦磨损性能

在DZ125铸造基体上进行激光沉积修复实验，研究了激光沉积修复显微组织、硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：沉积区底部为宽度约8μm的平面晶、沿沉积高度方向外延生长排列紧密的柱状晶、中部为树枝晶、顶部为杂乱无章的等轴晶；沉积区层与层交界处γ"相尺寸大于层内，晶界处γ"相尺寸大于晶内；γ+γ"共晶相和MC碳化物沿晶界分布现象明显，沉积区中下部多为短棒状MC碳化物，沉积区顶部多现小块状以及八面体状MC碳化物。基体显微硬度为410～420HV0.3，沉积区显微硬度高于基体，为455～475 HV0.3。沉积区磨损机理主要是轻微的磨粒磨损，耐磨性能优于基体。     

激光沉积修复DZ125合金的组织与摩擦磨损性能

在DZ125高温合金铸造基体上进行激光沉积修复实验,研究了激光沉积修复显微组织、硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:沉积区底部为宽度约8μm的平面晶、沿沉积高度方向外延生长排列紧密的柱状晶,中部为树枝晶,顶部为杂乱无章的等轴晶;沉积区层与层交界处γ'相尺寸大于层内,晶界处γ'相尺寸大于晶内;γ+γ'共晶相和MC碳化物明显沿晶界分布,沉积区中下部多为短棒状MC碳化物,沉积区顶部多现小块状以及八面体状MC碳化物。基体HV_(0.3)显微硬度为4.1～4.2 GPa,沉积区显微硬度高于基体,为4.55～4.75 GPa。沉积区磨损机理主要是轻微的磨粒磨损,耐磨性能优于基体。     

单晶高温合金NiCr-Cr_3C_2熔覆层的微观组织

采用真空粉末熔覆工艺在镍基单晶高温合金表面制备了致密的NiCr-Cr_3C_2熔覆涂层,并采用SEM/EDS,XRD,EPMA等手段分析了熔覆层及界面的微观组织。结果表明,真空粉末熔覆层中主要由Ni_3Si,Cr_3Si,Cr_7C_3,γ-Ni,γ′-Ni_3Al及γ+γ′共晶组织组成,熔覆层显微硬度是基体硬度的2~3倍。界面处附近由于元素互扩散,在靠近熔覆层侧生成了大量的MC型碳化物;而在靠近基体侧,由于枝晶轴与枝晶间组织与成分差异,析出了形态各异的碳化物,并分析了"十字花状"碳化物的演变过程。     

定向凝固DZ4125柱晶高温合金晶粒生长过程组织演化及其竞争生长行为

采用Bridgman定向凝固法制备DZ4125柱晶高温合金定向试棒,研究在恒定抽拉速率下定向晶粒生长过程微观组织演化及晶粒间竞争生长行为。结果表明,随着定向凝固柱晶高温合金生长高度的增加,一次枝晶间距增加,γ′相尺寸减小,且γ′相形貌由蝴蝶状向立方体状、近球状转变,枝晶间处γ′相尺寸和数量均高于枝晶干处。碳化物和γ+γ′共晶组织主要分布于枝晶间区域,且随着生长高度的增加,碳化物形貌由细小块状逐渐向条状、骨架状转变。此外,由于晶体的竞争生长,随着生长高度增加柱状晶数量明显减少,表现为在最终生长区内主要存在定向起始段中心部晶粒。上述过程主要因为存在凸固液界面生长条件,晶粒向近炉壁侧倾斜发散生长,中心部晶粒淘汰边缘晶粒发生稳定生长。     

700℃超超临界电站锅炉用高温合金617B和740H管道氩弧焊接头微观组织特征

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度计等手段,研究了617B和740H管道氩弧焊接头微观组织和显微硬度。结果表明:617B焊件焊缝晶粒外延生长明显,焊缝主要存在Mo、Ti元素偏析,枝晶间分布着不连续颗粒状碳化物M6C,焊缝硬度略高于母材。740H焊件焊缝主要存在Nb、Ti元素偏析,枝晶间有较多不规则颗粒状碳化物MC,没有观察到γ-γ′共晶相;热影响区晶粒稍有长大,晶内强化相γ′减少,晶界碳化物M23C6和MC发生回溶,焊缝硬度明显低于母材。     

激光沉积修复GH738合金时效热处理组织及性能研究

研究了双极时效热处理对激光沉积修复GH738合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果显示：沉积态显微组织为典型的外延柱状枝晶,枝晶间距为约10 μm。经过时效处理后,修复区组织开始长大、合并。沉积态未发现γ＇相,枝晶间存在立方状的MC型碳化物,枝晶干存在颗粒状M23C6型碳化物。经双级时效处理后,修复区析出γ＇相：稳定化温度为820℃时,γ＇相平均尺寸约为37nm,碳化物在晶界处呈断续状析出。随着稳定化温度升高,γ＇相及碳化物尺寸均有所增大,其中稳定化温度为840 ℃时,γ＇相平均尺寸约为76 nm,碳化物呈项链状析出;稳定化温度为860℃时,γ＇相平均尺寸无明显增大,部分γ＇相发生明显粗化,尺寸达到150 nm,晶界处碳化物开始呈包膜状析出。力学性能测试结果显示：时效处理后试样抗拉强度明显提高,随着稳定化温度升高,抗拉强度先升高后降低,断后伸长率不断降低。     

激光成形修复定向凝固DZ125镍基高温合金的组织研究

对铸造定向DZ125镍基高温合金进行单道多层的激光成形修复实验。通过光镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜对修复区进行微观组织观察,使用电子探针测定不同相及修复区枝晶干的成分。结果表明:通过激光成形修复的方法可以获得自原基材外延生长的细小定向γ柱状晶修复组织,仅在修复区顶部存在部分取向杂乱的等轴晶组织;相比铸造定向基材,沉积态修复区呈现快速外延定向凝固特征,导致修复区的成分偏析减轻,枝晶间MC型碳化物相比基材显著细化,呈块状或正八面体状,枝晶间同时分布有γ+γ′共晶组织;另外,在γ枝晶干分布着近100 nm的球形γ′相,且部分γ′相颗粒有相互连接的现象。总体上,修复区一次枝晶间距、碳化物及γ′相尺度比修复基材显著细化。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.