坪山隧道出口溶腔技术总结

结合贵广铁路GGTJ-7标段坪山隧道出口溶腔破碎段施工情况，简要总结溶腔破碎段的施工方法与治理措施。     

龙麟宫隧道穿越大型溶腔处理技术

龙麟宫隧道是宜万铁路26座Ⅱ级风险隧道之一,全隧洞身位于灰岩地层,隧道洞身标高穿越垂直渗流带。隧道施工中揭示多处大型溶腔,介绍了隧道揭示的岩溶及发育特征,对两个特大型岩溶处理方案进行论述：DK232＋467大型溶腔是中国铁路建设史上遇到的最大体积空腔,溶腔防护及施工难度极大,采用路基填筑＋明洞结构通过;DK231＋796溶腔大跨岩溶顶板处理难度大、施工风险高,创新地采用了立柱支顶防护进行顶板加固。两个特大型溶腔的成功处理,可为类似工程的处理开拓思路,积累经验。     

利万高速公路齐岳山隧道充泥溶腔处理技术

岩溶隧道施工中最大的风险在于岩溶形态多变,如何顺利施工岩溶隧道成为当今的一大难题。本文结合利万高速公路齐岳山隧道YK19+110充泥溶腔的成功施工,来介绍岩溶隧道中充泥溶腔的施工控制技术及相关施工措施。     

宜万铁路鲁竹坝2#隧道进口DK204＋610～＋730大型溶腔分析

本文分析了鲁竹坝2#隧道DK204＋610～＋730大型溶腔的形成地质背景，通过调查、探测确定了溶腔的平面及纵向形态，在充分分析溶腔水文地质条件的基础上，提出了溶腔对隧道的影响及工程建议。     

马鹿箐隧道＋978特大、高压隐伏富水溶腔综合处理施工技术

马鹿箐隧道＋978特大、高压隐伏富水溶腔的综合处理施工，运用了“释能降压”和“特大体量高压隐伏溶腔泄水”等施工方法，采用了TSP等地质预报综合物探技术探测溶腔，使用了超前帷幕注浆和管棚等常规技术手段，溶腔隧底采取桩基承台改善衬砌结构的受力状态，为长大复杂岩溶隧道施工技术做了一次全新的探索。     

宜万铁路别岩槽隧道DK406+418溶腔处理施工技术

通过对别岩槽隧道DK406+418处溶腔处理,总结出溶腔处理当中需要注意的一些问题,为今后类似工程施工积累了宝贵经验。     

高压富水充填溶腔释能降压技术

高压富水充填溶腔具有水量大、水压高、规模范围大、充填介质复杂的特征,工程施工风险极高,采用传统的注浆法进行处理,受地层的不均一性、材料选择、技术水平的影响,难免会出现注浆盲区,施工中一旦注浆盲区被高压水击穿,将会发生大规模突水突泥,造成灾害。针对宜万铁路所遇到的高压富水充填溶腔,通过科技攻关,提出采取释能降压新技术进行处治。经现场实践,安全、经济、可靠,并取得了成功。释能降压技术是针对高压富水充填溶腔采取有计划、有目的的精确爆破揭示,从而释放溶腔所存储的能量,降低施工及运营过程中水土压力对隧道形成影响,之后,通过配套处治措施完成溶腔治理。     

念登隧道渗水处理

渗水是隧道工程面临的一大主要病害,渗水现象已然成为了影响交通和运营安全不可小视的问题。本文以在建的二次衬砌已经完成,防火涂料尚未施作前的念登隧道为工程实例,结合现场实际渗水情况,对症下药,探讨传统注浆工艺和引排方法处治隧道渗漏问题,以供参考。     

岩土锚固技术在处理隧道塌方施工中的运用

本文通过西周岭隧道塌方处理方案的总结,提出以注浆固结松散体,以管棚穿越塌方腔体,配以台阶开挖的施工方法,具有安全、快速特点,是适用性较广的塌方处理方法。     

探讨水利工程中隧道洞口地表预加固技术及应用

基于隧道洞口围岩的特点，对隧道洞口施工原则和地表预加固技术及适应范围进行介绍，并举例说明该技术在某水利大坝隧道中的应用效果。     

厦门翔安海底隧道F1风化深槽注浆加固技术

以厦门翔安海底隧道涌水量最大、施工难度最大的海域段F1风化槽为研究对象,根据其围岩地质条件和突涌水特点,采用全断面注浆加固和堵水,注浆加固范围为掌子面内及隧道开挖轮廓线外5 m,隧道纵向加固长度为70 m,注浆材料以超细水泥单液浆为主的注浆加固方案。施工期现场监控量测与数值计算结果表明:F1风化深槽围岩注浆加固效果均较为理想,未发生涌水突泥,达到了设计的技术要求。该项研究成果为今后开展类似工程的注浆加固提供了技术借鉴。     

云雾山隧道岩溶发育特征及治理

对隧道揭示岩溶、岩溶特征及处理措施进行了详细介绍,并对不同岩溶类型提出针对性的治理对策。同时强调在遭遇大规模高压富水充填溶腔时,对宏观地质背景的分析和认识在决定治理方案时的重要作用。提出长大岩溶隧道施工时遇到大规模岩溶时有针对性的采用绕避方案,及时调整施工组织,确保工期目标的实现。     

空调热交换器用U形管圆弧内侧开裂缺陷与预防措施

介绍弯制空调热交换器用U形管过程中圆弧内侧开裂缺陷及产生圆弧内侧开裂的原因，以及预防该类缺陷的应对措施。     

Preparation and characterization of fast dissolving pullulan films containing BCS class II drug nanoparticles for bioavailability enhancement

The aim of this study is to assess pullulan as a novel steric stabilizer during the wet-stirred media milling (WSMM) of griseofulvin, a model poorly water-soluble drug, and as a film-former in the preparation of strip films via casting–drying the wet-milled drug suspensions for dissolution and bioavailability enhancement. To this end, pullulan films, with xanthan gum (XG) as thickening agent and glycerin as plasticizer, were loaded with griseofulvin nanoparticles prepared by WSMM using pullulan in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an ionic stabilizer. The effects of drug loading and milling time on the particle size and suspension stability were investigated, as well as XG concentration and casting thickness on film properties and dissolution rate. The nanosuspensions prepared with pullulan–SDS combination were relatively stable over 7 days; hence, this combination was used for the film preparation. All pullulan-based strip films exhibited excellent content uniformity (most?<3% RSD) despite containing only 0.3–1.3?mg drug, which was ensured by the use of precursor suspensions with?>5000 cP viscosity. USP IV dissolution tests revealed fast/immediate drug release (t₈₀?相似文献   

齐岳山隧道F11高压富水断层带注浆施工技术

隧道岩溶、断裂带等高压涌水是隧道修建中比较难以解决的问题,隧道突涌水地质灾害频繁发生,成为影响隧道施工和安全的主要障碍。宜万铁路齐岳山隧道所穿越暗河、溶洞、断层破碎带等不良地质高压突涌水地段,给施工带来很大的困难。目前正在施工的齐岳山隧道F11断层破碎带,水压高、水量大、地质条件复杂,成为唯一制约全线的主要技术难题。以平导F11断层的注浆施工治水防坍为实例,介绍F11高水压断裂带治水防坍新方案、新工艺及效果检查新方法等,为以后类似工程积累经验。     

公路隧道垂直疏散通道设计参数研究

隧道疏散救援研究是当今地下工程领域一个重要的研究方向。为给公路隧道垂直疏散通道的参数设计提供依据,针对公路隧道中的滑梯、楼梯这两种常见垂直疏散通道的宽度、间距等参数进行了研究。基于人员在隧道中的实际疏散行为、运动速度等因素,考虑人员疏散行动中的反应,运用Pathfinder软件建立了隧道疏散模型。其中引入了“多米诺骨牌”阶段性效应将隧道按照与火灾点位置的不同划分为不同的响应时间区域。并利用前人的现场疏散实验数据验证了模型的准确性。考虑隧道全线堵塞、车辆满载的极端交通条件及火灾发生在隧道中间一处疏散通道位置的不利情况,研究了滑梯、楼梯不同间距及楼梯不同宽度对人员疏散时间及通过能力的影响。结果表明,楼梯宽度在0.8~1.1m之间每增加0.1m,通过能力增加约0.04人/s;宽度达到1.1m及以上时,每增加0.1m,通过能力增加约0.1人/s。在人员可用安全疏散时间(ASET)设定为8min的条件下,基于最长疏散时间及短暂聚集原则,通过对比分析得到了滑梯的最佳间距,拟合得到了楼梯最佳间距与宽度之间的关系式。此外,从降低建设成本及减小疏散口践踏等次发事故发生概率的角度考虑,相比于减小间距,增大楼梯的宽度更有利于人员的安全疏散。     

The Ceneri Base Tunnel: Construction Experience with the Southern Portion of the Flat Railway Line Crossing the Swiss Alps

This paper summarizes the experience that was gained during the construction of the 15.4 km long Ceneri Base Tunnel (CBT), which is the southern part of the flat railway line crossing the Swiss Alps from north to south. The project consisted of a twin tube with a diameter of 9 m interconnected by cross-passages, each 325 m long. In the middle of the alignment and at its southern end, large caverns were excavated for logistical and operational requirements. The total excavation length amounted to approximately 40 km. The tunnel crossed Alpine rock formations comprising a variety of rock typologies and several fault zones. The maximum overburden amounted to 850 m. The excavation of the main tunnels and of the cross-passages was executed by means of drill-and-blast (D&B) excavation. The support consisted of bolts, meshes, fiber-reinforced shotcrete and, when required, steel ribs. A gripper tunnel boring machine (TBM) was used in order to excavate the access tunnel. The high overburden caused squeezing rock conditions, which are characterized by large anisotropic convergences when crossing weaker rock formations. The latter required the installation of a deformable support. At the north portal, the tunnel (with an enlarged cross-section) passed underneath the A2 Swiss highway (the major road axis connecting the north and south of Switzerland) at a small overburden and through soft ground. Vertical and sub-horizontal jet grouting in combination with partial-face excavation was successfully implemented in order to limit the surface settlements. The south portal was located in a dense urban area. The excavation from the south portal included an approximately 220 m long cut-and-cover tunnel, followed by about 300 m of D&B excavation in a bad rock formation. The very low overburden, poor rock quality, and demanding crossing with an existing road tunnel (at a vertical distance of only 4 m) required special excavation methods through reduced sectors and special blasting techniques in order to limit the blast-induced vibrations. The application of a comprehensive risk management procedure, the execution of an intensive surface survey, and the adaptability of the tunnel design to the encountered geological conditions allowed the successful completion of the excavation works.     

宜万铁路马鹿箐隧道高压富水岩溶治理技术

岩溶灾害严重危及隧道施工的安全,影响施工的进度,是目前国内外隧道建设面临的重点和难点问题。首先对马鹿箐隧道历次涌突水特征进行了分析,主要阐述了超前地质预报技术、水文观测、反坡追排水清淤技术和泄水释能工法等技术在＋978溶腔的岩溶水处治中的应用,最后对溶腔揭示后隧道跨越溶腔段的工程处治措施进行了详细介绍。马鹿箐岩溶隧道成功的施工经验,为今后类似隧道工程中大体量高压富水隐伏岩溶问题的处理提供参考和借鉴。