用裂纹单元分析双压电材料界面力电耦合奇异场

为了求解双压电材料在机械荷载和(或)外加电场的作用下,界面裂纹尖端的力电耦合奇异场,提出了一种全数值方法。该全数值方法的实施可以分为两个部分:首先,用一维有限元方法求解不同压电材料界面裂纹尖端力电耦合奇异场特征解;然后,采用杂交有限元列式构造一种所谓的裂纹单元,在该杂交有限元的列式中,假设应力场和电位移场是利用上述一维有限元方法计算得到的特征解推导出来的;利用该单元可以得到全部的力电耦合奇异场的解。通过对单一压电材料中心裂纹尖端力电耦合奇异场的计算,该方法的准确性和高效性得到了验证;进而用该方法研究了双压电材料界面力电耦合场奇异场。     

双压电材料界面力电耦合场奇异性研究

针对不同压电材料中界面裂纹尖端的扇形区域推导出了包含基本方程、裂纹面D-P边界条件和不同压电材料交界面处的边界条件的弱形式。在该弱形式的基础上,利用特征方程展开方法(eigenfunction expansion technique),可以得到一个分析压电材料裂纹尖端处力电耦合场奇异性的特殊的一维有限元列式。该一维有限元列式只需对扇形区域在角度方向上离散,最后的总体方程为一个二次特征根方程。求解该特征根方程就可以得到压电材料裂纹尖端处力电耦合奇异场的特征解。通过数值算例表明该方法可以准确而高效地计算压电材料裂纹尖端处力电耦合奇异场的特征解,进而用该方法研究了双压电材料界面力电耦合场的奇异性。     

基于SAND列式的桁架结构优化问题序列线性规划算法

该文提出了一种基于协同分析和设计列式(即SAND 列式,Simultaneous Analysis and Design)和序列线性规划(Sequential Linear Programming)技术的桁架结构优化新方法。与传统列式下将隐式响应函数(如位移、应力等)于设计变量(如杆件截面积等)处作线性展开的做法不同,以桁架结构为例,该文在SAND 列式下,采用杆件截面积和结构节点位移同时作为设计/分析变量,仅对杆件协调条件这一显式双线性函数予以线性近似并构造LP子问题。通过求解一系列LP子问题,可以得到优化问题的近似最优解。与传统优化列式下的SLP 方法相比,该文方法不仅设计变量运动极限的选取相对容易,而且线性近似的误差可以精确估计。数值算例表明,采用该文算法可以快速、稳定地得到优化问题的近似最优解。     

压电层合板的B样条小波有限元半解析法

利用小波有限元法的优越性可方便地求解压电材料与复合材料混合层合板的某些静力学问题。根据层合结构的特点,将区间B样条尺度函数作为插值函数离散结构的平面域,应用压电材料修正后的H-R(Hellinger-Reissner)变分原理推导了压电材料的Hamilton正则方程的区间B样条小波(BSWI)元列式。该BSWI元的主要特点之一是厚度方向是解析解形式的。针对具体问题的求解,为了保证各层之间力学量和电学量的连续性,进一步应用了状态转移矩阵技术。数值算例表明所提出的区间B样条小波单元是成功的。采用推导压电材料BSWI元的方法可建立磁电弹性材料类似的BSWI元。     

非平稳随机响应灵敏度分析的时域显式法EI北大核心CSCD

针对非平稳激励下的结构振动问题,研究动力响应方差灵敏度的高效时域求解算法。首先推导确定性动力响应灵敏度的时域显式表达,继而结合方差灵敏度的一般计算公式,得到非平稳随机响应方差灵敏度的时域显式计算列式。该列式同样适用于平稳激励下结构瞬态响应方差灵敏度的求解。以框架结构和桁架结构分别受不同类型的非平稳激励为例,时域显示解法和其他方法的对比计算结果验证了时域显示解法的有效性。     

绝对节点坐标方法的模型降噪研究

绝对节点坐标方法(absolute nodal coordinate formulation, ANCF)已成功应用于大变形柔性多体系统动力学问题的建模与仿真分析,但由于节点参数多且自身包含复杂高阶模态,其系统动力学方程的刚性问题突出。目前广泛采用的隐式算法的核心步骤是通过数值阻尼滤除高频响应,但求解效率仍难以令人满意。基于在建模中滤除高频分量的思想,用一小段时间区间内的平均应力代替弹性力虚功率中的瞬时应力,推导了包含附加惯性项和附加阻尼项的绝对节点坐标单元模型降噪列式。通过调整平均应力所在时间区间长度参数即可消除系统方程的过高频率,使常规显式算法也能应用于传统刚性问题的仿真求解。数值算例表明采用绝对节点坐标单元模型降噪列式可极大降低数值仿真求解难度,在保证计算精度的同时计算效率得到大幅提升。     

桥梁在移动荷载作用下动力学响应的广义多辛算法

基于多辛算法的基本思想,针对描述车桥耦合问题动力学方程提出了广义多辛算法理论,并应用于求解该动力学方程.数值算例结果表明利用广义多辛算法求解车桥耦合问题动力学方程的精度明显高于NewMark算法和精细积分方法,同时也表明广义多辛算法与多辛算法一样具有长时间的数值稳定性.     

压电功能梯度层合梁的力-电-热耦合梁单元及最优振动控制

给出了一个压电功能梯度层合梁振动分析的两节点力-电-热耦合梁单元,并将其用于功能梯度层合梁的振动最优控制。在这个多场耦合梁单元中,功能梯度材料的等效力学性能用Voigt或Mori-Tanaka模型表征;梁的位移场用Shi改进的三阶剪切变形板理论描述;压电层的电势场用Layer-wise理论分层表征,且呈高阶非线性电势场的压电层可离散成数个子层。用Hamilton原理推导了压电功能梯度梁的力-电-热耦合单元列式,用拟协调元法给出了多场耦合梁单元的高计算效率的显式单元刚度矩阵,以及采用线性二次型(LQR)最优控制算法进行压电功能梯度层合梁的最优振动控制。使用所得力-电-热耦合梁单元进行了压电功能梯度层合梁的静力和动力分析。数值算例表明,所得力-电-热耦合梁单元可靠、准确和高效,LQR最优控制算法得到最优控制电压可有效抑制功能梯度梁的振动且实现控制系统能量的优化。     

饱和两相介质近场波动问题的一种时域全显式数值计算方法

基于u-p形式的饱和两相介质弹性波动方程,开展了饱和两相介质近场波动问题时域显式数值计算方法的研究。通过对波动方程中的质量矩阵和孔隙流体压缩矩阵进行对角化处理,消除了方程中的动力耦联,实现了波动方程的解耦。分别应用中心差分法和Newmark常平均加速度法求解固相位移和速度,基于向后差分法求解孔隙流体压力,推导得到了饱和两相介质动力响应的时域显式逐步积分的计算列式,建立了饱和两相介质近场波动问题的一种新的时域全显式数值计算方法。进行了该文方法中矩阵对角化合理性的验证。将该方法的数值解与相应的解析解进行对比,二者符合良好,验证了该方法的正确性。将该文建立的时域数值计算方法与透射人工边界方法相结合,应用于饱和两相介质的近场波动问题,进行了饱和土场地地震响应的计算研究,计算结果符合弹性波动理论的基本规律,表明该方法对于饱和两相介质近场波动问题时域计算求解的适用性。基于该方法中时域递推计算格式的传递矩阵,进行了该方法稳定性特性的研究。该文建立的数值计算方法具有时域全显式算法的基本特征。方法中对动力响应的全部分量均采用递推和迭代的模式进行求解,避免了求解耦联的动力方程组。该方法具有较高的计算效率,...     

一个用于大位移大转动非线性动力计算的显式梁元

为了数值模拟建筑结构倒塌过程中的梁柱构件,建立了一个具有大位移大转动非线性动力计算能力的显式梁元。该梁元基于显式有限元单元理论,采用更新拉格朗日列式,考虑了转动的不可交换性,选用共旋(Co-Rotational)方法分离单元刚体位移和变形位移,通过应力更新算法来考虑材料的非线性。算例表明该梁元力学性能良好,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

The finite element discretized symplectic method for interface cracks

The method of symplectic series discretized by finite element is introduced for the stress analysis of structures having cracks at the interface of dissimilar materials. The crack is modeled by the conventional finite elements dividing into two regions: near and far fields. The unknowns in the far field are as usual. In the near field, a Hamiltonian system is established for applying the method of separable variables and the solutions are expanded in exact symplectic eigenfunctions. By performing a transformation from the large amount of finite element unknowns to a small set of coefficients of the symplectic expansion, the stress intensity factors, the displacements and stresses in the singular region are obtained simultaneously without any post-processing. The numerical results are obtained for various cracks lying at the bi-material interface, and are found to be in good agreement with the reference solutions for the interface crack problems. Some practical examples are also given.     

A numerical test of long‐time stability for rigid body integrators

In the context of Hamiltonian ODEs, a necessary condition for an integrator to be symplectic or conjugate‐symplectic is that it nearly preserves the exact Hamiltonian. This paper introduces a numerical test of this necessity for rigid body methods. It turns out that several rigid body integrators proposed in literature fail this test. Hence, these integrators should be used with caution for long‐time simulation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

弹性力学极坐标辛体系Hamilton函数的守恒律

用弹性力学直角坐标辛体系中类似的形式,定义了极坐标问题径向和环向辛体系的Hamilton函数,对其守恒性进行了研究,由Hamilton对偶方程推出了Hamilton函数的守恒律,同时给出了守恒条件,指出两种极坐标辛体系中Hamilton函数是否守恒均取决于两侧边的荷载和位移情况。在径向和环向辛体系中都给出了算例,验证了Hamilton函数的守恒律。这一守恒律丰富了弹性力学辛体系的理论内容,不仅对于弹性力学极坐标问题的理论分析有所帮助,也为极坐标问题的数值计算分析提供了一个判断依据。     

Time integrators based on approximate discontinuous Hamiltonians

We introduce a class of time integration algorithms for finite dimensional mechanical systems whose Hamiltonians are separable. By partitioning the system's configuration space to construct an approximate potential energy, we define an approximate discontinuous Hamiltonian (ADH) whose resulting equations of motion can be solved exactly. The resulting integrators are symplectic and precisely conserve the approximate energy, which by design is always close to the exact one. We then propose two ADH algorithms for finite element discretizations of nonlinear elastic bodies. These result in two classes of explicit asynchronous time integrators that are scalable and, because they conserve the approximate Hamiltonian, could be considered to be unconditionally stable in some circumstances. In addition, these integrators can naturally incorporate frictionless contact conditions. We discuss the momentum conservation properties of the resulting methods and demonstrate their performance with several problems, such as rotating bodies and multiple collisions of bodies with rigid boundaries. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The boundary layer phenomena in two‐dimensional transversely isotropic piezoelectric media by exact symplectic expansion

A separable variable method is introduced to find the exact homogeneous solutions of a two‐dimensional transversely isotropic piezoelectric media to handle general boundary conditions. The usual method of separable variables for partial differentiation equations cannot be readily applicable due to the tangling of the unknowns and their derivatives. Introducing dual variables of stresses, we obtain a set of first‐order Hamiltonian equations whose eigensolutions are symplectic spanning over the solution space to cover all possible boundary conditions. The solutions consist of two parts. The first part is the derogative zero‐eigenvalue solutions of the Saint Venant type together with all their Jordan chains. The second part is the decaying non‐zero‐eigenvalue solutions describing the boundary layer effects. The classical solutions are actually the zero‐eigenvalue solutions representing the simple extension, bending, equipotential field, and the uniform electric displacement. On the other hand, the non‐zero‐eigenvalue solutions represent the localized solutions, which are sensitive to the boundary conditions and are decaying rapidly with respect to the distance from the boundaries. Some rate‐of‐decay curves of the newly found non‐zero‐eigenvalue solutions are shown by numerical examples. Finally, the complete boundary layer effects are quantified for the first time. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Symplectic algorithms based on the principle of least action and generating functions

In this paper, the principle of least action and generating functions are used to construct symplectic numerical algorithms for finite dimensional autonomous Hamiltonian systems. The approximate action is obtained by approximating the generalized coordinates and momentums by Lagrange polynomials and performing Gaussian quadrature. Based on the principle of least action and the requirements of a canonical transformation, different types of symplectic algorithms have been constructed by choosing different types of independent variables at two ends of the time step. The symmetric property of the four types of symplectic algorithms proposed in this paper is discussed, and the exact linear stability domain for small m, n and g is discussed. The linear stability and precision of different types of symplectic algorithms are tested using numerical examples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

3D symplectic expansion for piezoelectric media

The symplectic series expansion method is extended to three‐dimensional problem for transversely isotropic piezoelectric media. The governing equations are first derived in Hamiltonian form, and symplectic eigensolutions are directly obtained through analytical method. All solutions of the problem are reduced to finding eigenvalues and eigensolutions. The classical St Venant solutions are described by zero‐eigensolutions, and the localized solutions are depicted by non‐zero‐eigensolutions. Symplectic relationships of the ortho‐normalization are used, end conditions are rewritten by eigensolutions, and a numerical scheme is formed analytically. Some numerical examples are given. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Discrete Lagrangian mechanics for nonseparable nonsmooth systems

We consider event‐driven schemes for the simulation of nonseparable mechanical systems subject to holonomic unilateral constraints. Systems are modeled in discrete time using variational integrator (VI) theory, by which equations of motion follow from discrete variational principles. For smooth dynamics, VIs are known to exactly conserve a discrete symplectic form and a modified Hamiltonian function. The latter of these conservation laws can play a pivotal role in stabilizing the energy behavior of collision simulations. Previous efforts to leverage modified Hamiltonian conservation have been limited to integrators using the Störmer–Verlet method on separable, nonsmooth Hamiltonian mechanical systems. We generalize the existing approach to the family of all VIs applied to nonseparable, potentially nonconservative Lagrangian mechanical systems. We examine the properties of the resulting integrators relative to other structured collision simulation methods in terms of conserved quantities, trajectory errors as a function of initial condition, and required computation time. Interestingly, we find that the modified collision Verlet algorithm (MCVA) using the Störmer–Verlet integrator defined as a composition method leads to the best accuracy. Although relative to this method, the VI‐based generalized MCVA method offers computational savings when collisions are particularly sparse. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hamilton体系中Timoshenko梁冲击问题的描述和求解

针对T im oshenko梁的冲击问题,在H am ilton体系中通过直接求解H am ilton矩阵的本征值问题并利用共轭辛正交关系,给出了以位移和应力表示的全状态向量解的一般表达式。根据边界条件给出了频率方程和广义模态函数向量。从H am ilton正则方程出发证明了广义模态函数向量的正交性,并给出了动响应及数值结果。从文中可以看出在H am ilton体系中结构弹性动力学问题的描述和求解的一般方法。通过比较本文结果与已有结果可以看出本文方法的正确性和可行性。     

脉动流作用下粘弹性直管动力学特性分析

在Hamilton体系中应用精细积分法分析脉动流作用下粘弹性管道的动力学响应特性。首先建立了Hamilton体系下输送振荡流粘弹性直管的辛对偶正则方程组,接着推导了求解非线性运动方程的线性插值精细积分法,最后分析了不同流速、不同激振频率下输流直管非线性动力学特性。数值计算结果表明该方法能快速高效求解输流管道运动方程,计算精度令人满意。