FGM中厚圆板轴对称自由振动的打靶法求解

研究了由陶瓷和金属两种材料组成的功能梯度材料(FGM)中厚圆板的自由振动问题。基于考虑横向剪切变形中厚板的几何方程、物理方程及平衡方程,建立了以中面转角和横向位移为基本未知量的功能梯度中厚圆板轴对称自由振动问题的控制方程;假定功能梯度中厚圆板的材料性质方向按照幂函数连续变化规律;采用打靶法数值求解所得非线性两点边值问题出,获得了多种边界下功能梯度中厚圆板的无量纲自然频率以及振动模态。讨论了材料梯度指数、板的厚度以及边界条件对自然频率的影响。     

含裂纹功能梯度材料梁结构的振动功率流特性分析

功能梯度材料(FGM)梁在工程中应用日益广泛,而梁中裂纹的存在改变了局部刚度等特性,使得功能梯度材料梁的振动和波传播特性发生改变。以含有张开型裂纹的功能梯度梁为对象分析其波传播和振动功率流特性。利用转动弹簧模型模拟裂纹,给出由裂纹引起的局部柔度表达式。建立无限长FGM欧拉梁结构的动力学方程,采用波动法结合梁的连续条件计算得到FGM欧拉梁的振动特性,对无缺陷梁和裂纹梁的输入功率流和传播功率流进行分析。讨论了材料梯度指数、激励频率、裂纹深度和裂纹位置等信息与输入功率流、传播功率流之间的关系,为基于振动功率流的裂纹FGM梁的损伤识别提供理论基础。     

热冲击下轴向运动FGM梁的自由振动分析

基于Timoshenko梁理论研究两端夹紧、一端夹紧一端简支、两端简支三种不同边界条件下的轴向运动功能梯度材料(FGM)梁在热冲击载荷作用下的自由振动响应。利用Hamilton原理推导热冲击下轴向运动FGM梁的自由振动控制微分方程,并采用分离变量法求解一维热传导方程。通过微分求积法(DQM)在梁的长度方向进行离散,将原方程转化为四阶广义特征值问题,求解FGM梁自由振动的无量纲固有频率并进行特性分析。考虑了不同热冲击载荷,不同梯度指数和不同轴向运动无量纲速度对FGM梁自振频率的影响。结果表明:热冲击载荷越大,对降低FGM梁的固有频率的效果越明显;在轴向运动速度和热流输入不改变的情况下,逐渐增大材料梯度指数会使FGM梁的固有频率随之减小;FGM梁对热冲击短时间内有减缓作用,相对于均匀材料一阶失稳所需时间更长,受到热冲击的FGM梁在轴向运动时也更快达到失稳状态。     

功能梯度Levinson梁自由振动响应的均匀化和经典化表示

在两端简支边界条件下,给出了Levinson高阶剪切变形理论下功能梯度材料(FGM)梁的固有频率与参考均匀Euler-Bernoulli(E-B)梁的固有频率之间的解析转换关系。假设FGM梁的材料性质沿着梁的高度任意连续变化,通过分析FGM Levinson梁和均匀E-B梁的自由振动控制方程以及边界条件在数学上的相似性,推导出了用参考均匀E-B梁的固有频率表示的FGM Levinson梁的固有频率的解析式;从而,将复杂的耦合微分方程边值问题的求解简化为一些与梁的材料非均匀特性及几何特性有关的系数的计算问题。从而实现了Levinson剪切变形理论下FGM梁的振动响应的经典化和均匀化表示,可为工程应用提供便利。     

基于能量有限元法的功能梯度梁振动分析

功能梯度材料(Functionally Graded Material,FGM)由于其优良的结构性能和重要的应用价值,近些年来得到了广泛的研究和关注。采用能量有限元法对功能梯度梁和耦合梁的弯曲振动特性进行研究,推导了功能梯度材料梁的能量密度控制方程、能量有限元矩阵方程以及耦合梁的能量有限元方程,从而得到梁中的能量密度和能量流。以一简支功能梯度梁为例,分别采用该方法和传统有限元法计算了梁弯曲振动时的能量密度,通过对比验证了能量有限元法求解的准确性。在此基础上进一步对耦合功能梯度梁结构的能量密度和能量流进行了求解,得到其能量分布特征。该研究为基于能量有限元法分析复杂功能梯度材料结构的振动特性提供了理论基础。     

功能梯度材料梁的非线性随机振动响应

基于大变形理论建立功能梯度材料(FGM)梁运动方程,将梁的横向位移假定为时间函数和梁线性模态乘积之和,利用伽辽金方法离散为非线性常微分方程组;然后,运用等效线性化方法求得随机激励作用下简支约束的功能梯度材料梁均方位移,与NewMark法和蒙特卡罗方法获得的结果对比,验证该等效线性化方法的可靠性.最后讨论材料梯度指数、激励强度和梁长细比对功能梯度材料梁振动响应的影响.     

功能梯度梁在热冲击下的动态响应

基于Timoshenko梁理论研究了功能梯度材料(FGM)梁在一维热冲击载荷作用下的瞬态动力响应.采用Laplace变换将功能梯度材料中的一维热传导方程转化为拉氏域中的常微分方程进行求解,再进行反变换得到温度场.然后采用微分求积法(DQM)对位移形式的动力学方程及初边值条件进行DQ离散,数值求解离散后的动力学方程,得到了梁在热冲击下的动态位移和应力响应.分析了材料组份指数和几何参数对梁的动力响应的影响,并考察了DQM法对此类问题的有效性.     

非保守力和热载荷作用下FGM梁的稳定性

研究了在热载荷和切向均布随从力作用下FGM梁的稳定性问题。假设材料常数(即弹性模量和密度)随温度及沿截面高度连续变化,且材料常数按各材料的体积分数以幂率变化,温度分布满足一维热传导方程,计算了不同梯度指标和不同温度下FGM梁的弹性模量随截面高度变化情况。基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,建立梁的控制微分方程,用小波微分求积法(WDQ法)求解,分析了梯度指标、温度、随从力等参数对简支FGM梁振动特性与稳定性的影响。     

用Timoshenko梁修正理论研究功能梯度材料梁的动力响应

采用Timoshenko梁修正理论研究了功能梯度材料梁的动力响应问题,利用静力方程确定了功能梯度材料梁的中性轴位置,在此基础上应用Timoshenko梁修正理论建立了功能梯度材料梁的振动方程,求得其自振频率表达式及其在简谐荷载作用下强迫振动的解析解。讨论分析了中性面位置、梯度指数等因素对功能梯度材料梁的动力响应的影响,并用有限元法验证了Timoshenko梁修正理论。通过实例计算,得到了中性轴位置对功能梯度材料梁动力响应有较大影响的结论。     

一般边界条件下功能梯度梁三维振动特性研究

基于卡莱拉统一公式(CUF)建立了一般边界条件下功能梯度(FGM)梁的高阶统一动力学模型和分析方法。利用二维泰勒公式对FGM梁截面位移函数进行高阶拟合,经典梁理论可以视为一阶泰勒公式的特殊形式。采用Voigt线性混合模型分别考虑了两种功能梯度材料分布形式:材料属性仅沿宽度或厚度单一方向发生变化;材料属性同时沿宽度和厚度方向发生变化。通过罚函数法将FGM梁的边界条件量化为边界能量的形式,实现了对边界条件的参数化分析,并消除了位移容许函数对边界条件的依赖性。利用瑞利-利兹法和勒让德多项式函数对FGM梁的振动问题进行求解。通过与文献中结果对比,验证了此方法的有效性和正确性。最后,研究了几何尺寸、材料属性和边界条件对FGM梁振动特性的影响规律。     

非均匀热载荷作用下功能梯度梁的非线性静态响应

由于功能梯度材料结构沿厚度方向的非均匀材料特性,使得夹紧和简支条件的功能梯度梁有着相当不同的行为特征。该文给出了热载荷作用下,功能梯度梁非线性静态响应的精确解。基于非线性经典梁理论和物理中面的概念导出了功能梯度梁的非线性控制方程。将两个方程化简为一个四阶积分-微分方程。对于两端夹紧的功能梯度梁,其方程和相应的边界条件构成微分特征值问题;但对于两端简支的功能梯度梁,由于非齐次边界条件,将不会得到一个特征值问题。导致了夹紧与简支的功能梯度梁有着完全不同的行为特征。直接求解该积分-微分方程,得到了梁过屈曲和弯曲变形的闭合形式解。利用这个解可以分析梁的屈曲、过屈曲和非线性弯曲等非线性变形现象。最后,利用数值结果研究了材料梯度性质和热载荷对功能梯度梁非线性静态响应的影响。     

A further discussion of nonlinear mechanical behavior for FGM beams under in-plane thermal loading

Due to the variation in material properties through the thickness, bifurcation buckling cannot generally occur for plates or beams made of functionally graded materials (FGM) with simply supported edges. Further investigation in this paper indicates that FGM beams subjected to an in-plane thermal loading do exhibit some unique and interesting characteristics in both static and dynamic behaviors, particularly when effects of transverse shear deformation and the temperature-dependent material properties are simultaneously taken into account. In the analysis, based on the nonlinear first-order shear deformation beam theory (FBT) and the physical neutral surface concept, governing equations for both the static behavior and the dynamic response of FGM beams subjected to uniform in-plane thermal loading are derived. Then, a shooting method is employed to numerically solve the resulting equations. The material properties of the beams are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents, and to be temperature-dependent. The effects of material constants, transverse shear deformation, temperature-dependent material properties, in-plane loading and boundary conditions on the nonlinear behavior of FGM beams are discussed in detail.     

Thermo-electrical buckling of piezoelectric functionally graded material Timoshenko beams

In this article, buckling analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) beams with or without surface-bonded piezoelectric layers subjected to both thermal loading and constant voltage is studied. Thermal and mechanical properties of FGM layer is assumed to follow the power law distribution in thickness direction, except Poisson’s ratio which is considered constant. The Timoshenko beam theory and nonlinear strain-displacement relations are used to obtain the governing equations of piezoelectric FGM beam. Beam is assumed under three types of thermal loading and various types of boundary conditions. For each case of boundary conditions, existence of bifurcation-type buckling is examined and for each case of thermal loading and boundary conditions, closed-form solutions are obtained which are easily usable for engineers and designers. The effects of the applied actuator voltage, beam geometry, boundary conditions, and power law index of FGM beam on critical buckling temperature difference are examined.     

Instability of Curved Beams Made of Functionally Graded Material Under Thermal Loading

In this paper the thermal buckling load of a curved beam made of functionally graded material (FGM) with doubly symmetric cross section is considered. By instability conditions we mean the in-plane and out-of-plane buckling. The stability equations are derived using the variational principles. The curved beam is under temperature rise for thermal loading. The solution for critical thermal buckling load is obtained using the stability equations and the Galerkin method. The critical thermal buckling load is obtained.     

Thermal snapping of functionally graded materials plates

The nonlinear behavior of functionally graded materials (FGM) plates exposed to a high temperature environment on one side of the surface is investigated here using neutral surface-based first-order shear deformation theory. The material considered here is graded in the thickness direction and a simple power law based on the rule of mixture is introduced to study the temperature dependent effective material properties. Furthermore, the position of thermal stress-resultant is determined based on realistic temperature field across the thickness of the plate whereas the reaction resultant is assumed to act along the mid-surface. The nonlinear governing equations derived based on von Kármán assumptions are solved using Newton–Raphson technique to analyze the nonlinear behavior of FGM plates under different temperature gradient.     

Influence of neutral surface position on the nonlinear stability behavior of functionally graded plates

Nonlinear behavior of functionally graded material (FGM) skew plates under in-plane load is investigated here using a shear deformable finite element method. The material is graded in the thickness direction and a simple power law based on the rule of mixture is used to estimate the effective material properties. The neutral surface position for such FGM plates is determined and the first order shear deformation theory based on exact neutral surface position is employed here. The present model is compared with the conventional mid-surface based formulation, which uses extension-bending coupling matrix to include the noncoincidence of neutral surface with the geometric mid-surface for unsymmetric plates. The nonlinear governing equations are solved through Newton–Raphson technique. The nonlinear behavior of FGM skew plates under compressive and tensile in-plane load are examined considering different system parameters such as constituent gradient index, boundary condition, thickness-to-span ratio and skew angle. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Elastica solution for thermal bending of a functionally graded beam

The problem of nonlinear thermal bending of a pinned slender beam fabricated of functionally graded material is considered. Based on the concept of physically neutral surface, the problem is reduced to a system of two coupled transcendental equations in terms of Legendre’s elliptic integrals. Solutions of these equations are presented in graphical and tabular form. Specific features of the nonlinear response of the functionally graded beam under thermal loading are discussed.     

含裂纹功能梯度Euler-Bernoulli梁和Timoshenko梁的屈曲载荷计算与分析

含裂纹构件的屈曲载荷是结构是否安全的判定准则之一, 其计算与分析也是结构健康监测和安全评价中关注的重要问题。基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论和Timoshenko梁理论, 建立了一种求解含裂纹功能梯度材料梁的屈曲载荷计算方法。首先裂纹导致的构件截面转角不连续性由转动弹簧模型进行模拟, 再根据功能梯度材料Euler-Bernoulli梁和Timoshenko梁的屈曲控制方程及其闭合解, 由传递矩阵法建立了求解含裂纹功能梯度材料梁在多种边界条件下屈曲载荷的循环递推公式和特征行列式, 使问题通过降阶的方法得到快速准确的解答。数值算例研究了剪切变形、 裂纹的不同数目及位置、 材料参数变化、 长细比和不同边界约束条件等对含裂纹功能梯度材料梁屈曲载荷的影响。结果表明该方法可以简单、 方便和准确地计算不同数目裂纹和任意边界条件下功能梯度材料梁的屈曲问题。