自适应模型更新的多特征融合目标跟踪算法

针对目标在运动过程中存在遮挡、光照变化、背景因素等复杂情况下的跟踪问题,提出了一种多特征融合的跟踪算法;利用背景加权后的联合直方图来描述目标的灰度和纹理特征信息,提出一种多帧加权组合的模板更新策略,对模板特征分布进行自适应更新,基于当前粒子特征信息可信度加权设计了一种自适应特征融合观测模型,并结合到粒子滤波算法中,从而提高了跟踪算法的场景适应能力;实验结果表明;与基于单一特征的算法相比,该算法的适应性更强,能有效跟踪复杂场景下的运动目标.     

一种基于背景加权的多特征融合目标跟踪算法

针对均值漂移(MS)目标跟踪算法受背景环境变化干扰较大的问题,提出一种基于背景加权的多特征融合目标跟踪算法BWMMS。引入基于目标模型与目标周围背景模型差分的加权函数,细化各像素对准确描述目标的重要程度,从而提高目标模板的分辨能力。结合颜色与纹理特征进行目标跟踪,构建基于目标和目标背景区域的特征自适应融合机制,使BWMMS算法能够根据跟踪场景变化自适应调整颜色与纹理特征的权值。实验结果表明,与MS算法、HRBW算法相比,该算法对环境变化的适应性较好,能取得更鲁棒的跟踪结果,且跟踪成功率高达94.84%。     

多特征自适应融合的粒子滤波跟踪算法

针对跟踪过程中目标形态不断变化或部分遮挡导致鲁棒性差的问题,提出一种基于多特征自适应融合的粒子滤波跟踪算法.该算法从视觉特征集中选取了描述能力强的2种特征,并将其按照与目标模型的多尺度相似度进行线性融合;为了减小跟踪漂移,通过计算当前目标模型与初始目标模型的多尺度相似度自适应地更新目标模型.大量仿真实验结果表明,文中算法可以鲁棒地跟踪到部分遮挡和形态变化的运动目标.     

基于特征可分性和稳定性度量的多特征融合目标跟踪算法

针对单一特征目标跟踪算法鲁棒性较差的问题, 提出一种基于特征可分性和稳定性度量的多特征融合目标跟踪算法. 在粒子滤波框架下, 通过计算不同特征对目标和背景的可区分性和稳定性, 设置重要性权值并自适应选择区分能力强、稳定性好的特征描述目标, 建立多特征融合目标模型. 在状态转移过程中, 给出一种基于特征稳定性度量的选择性模板更新策略, 并进行遮挡处理. 实验结果表明, 所提出的算法能够在复杂场景下鲁棒地跟踪目标.

     

基于特征融合及自适应模型更新的相关滤波目标跟踪算法

针对单一特征目标跟踪算法因背景干扰、目标遮挡造成的跟踪失败问题,以及跟踪过程中每帧进行模型更新容易造成错误更新和实时性差的问题,提出了一种基于特征融合及自适应模型更新策略的相关滤波目标跟踪算法-多特征自适应相关滤波目标跟踪算法。该算法在特征提取阶段将边缘特征及HOG特征加权融合作为目标特征,加强对边缘特征的学习;在模型更新阶段通过计算预测区域与真实区域的奇异值特征向量相似度,并结合设定的阈值判断是否需要进行模型更新,通过自适应更新的方式减少模型的更新次数。在标准测试视频集下验证所提算法,并与两种经典相关滤波算法进行比较,结果表明该算法能够较好地适应背景干扰及目标遮挡问题,跟踪目标的平均中心误差减少了9.05像素,平均距离精度提高12.2%,平均重叠率提高4.53%。     

基于自适应特征融合的无纹理3D目标跟踪

基于轮廓匹配的无纹理3D目标跟踪算法需要根据3D模型和2D投影轮廓的3D—2D匹配点连续估计目标的位置和姿态,但在背景复杂和运动模糊的情况下容易错配导致跟踪失败.针对此问题,提出一种基于自适应特征融合的3D目标跟踪算法.首先在3D模型投影轮廓附近进行轮廓匹配和颜色统计建模,以提取轮廓特征和颜色特征;然后定义基于轮廓特征和颜色特征自适应加权的能量函数,并计算其相对于位置和姿态参数的偏导数;最后通过LM优化算法求解位置和姿态参数的最优值.为处理目标和相机的快速运动,采用由粗到细的策略在多尺度视频帧中迭代跟踪.定性和定量实验结果表明,在复杂背景和运动模糊的情况下,该算法仍能实现快速稳定的跟踪,具有较高的精确性和鲁棒性.     

基于自适应背景的多特征融合目标跟踪

针对基于单一特征的目标跟踪算法,在复杂情形下,很难准确跟踪目标的问题,提出一种基于自适应背景的多特征融合目标跟踪算法。该算法利用颜色和基于灰度共生矩阵纹理特征表征目标,在粒子滤波的框中,通过分析在不同特征下,粒子空间分布、权值分布,以及特征对背景的区分性,提出一种有效的融合系数计算方法; 根据在跟踪过程中目标外观的变化情况,自适应更新目标模板。在不同场景下的实验结果表明:该算法在不降低实时性的前提下,抗背景干扰能力大幅度提高; 在各种场景下,均具有良好的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

基于核函数粒子滤波和多特征自适应融合的目标跟踪

经典粒子滤波及其改进算法在观测模型与真实情况存在偏差时会导致滤波发散,针对这一问题,提出一种核函数粒子滤波算法.该算法根据目标状态与粒子状态之间的距离,利用核函数产生权值对粒子进行二次加权,根据粒子的二次加权结果进行粒子重采样;以改进的粒子滤波算法为框架,提出了一种自适应多特征融合目标跟踪方法,利用相似性度量动态地评价特征对目标与背景的区分能力,并自适应地计算特征融合权重,以适应目标跟踪过程中目标与背景的变化,提高目标跟踪的鲁棒性.实验结果表明,文中提出的目标跟踪方法比经典粒子滤波目标跟踪方法具有更强的抗干扰性能和较高的跟踪精度.     

基于自适应特征融合的粒子滤波目标跟踪算法

提出了一种基于自适应特征融合的粒子滤波跟踪算法,用于解决传统的粒子滤波跟踪方法在复杂背景下容易跟踪失败的问题。该算法选取颜色特征和边缘特征来描述目标,并通过粒子滤波进行特征融合,根据可靠性因子调整各特征的权值系数;在跟踪过程中,随着目标自身形变,自适应更新目标模板。实验结果表明,在复杂背景下以及受到遮挡时,本算法能够准确稳健地跟踪目标。     

融合颜色纹理特征的自适应粒子滤波跟踪算法

针对复杂背景下,尤其是当光照条件发生变化以及目标发生遮挡时容易导致跟踪失败的问题,提出了一种基于自适应多特征融合的粒子滤波目标跟踪算法;该算法将RGB颜色直方图和LBP纹理直方图融合起来建立目标参考模型,并且引入Sigmoid函数动态调整两类子特征粒子的权重;仿真结果表明,该算法能在复杂背景下自适应调整两种子特征权重,以克服其中一种特征失效导致的跟踪失败,而且有效地避免了使用单一特征建模的缺点,能够实现更加准确的跟踪。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.