水热沉淀法制备Ni-CaO/Al_2O_3复合催化剂工艺条件的考察

为制备具有大比表面积和高金属分散度的复合催化剂,研究了水热沉淀法制备Ni-CaO/Al2O3复合催化剂的工艺条件,实验考察了制备反应温度、尿素溶液溶度和焙烧温度对复合催化剂比表面积和Ni金属分散度的影响。结果表明,反应温度150℃、尿素溶液浓度3 mol/L、焙烧温度500℃时得到的复合催化剂有最大的比表面积134.4 m2/g和最高的Ni金属分散度9.45%。将该条件下制备的复合催化剂应用于固定床反应吸附强化甲烷水蒸气重整过程制氢评价,在0.1 MPa,600℃,H2O/CH4物质的量比为4,体积空速340 h-1条件下,得到氢气浓度为97.5%,甲烷转化率95.3%,均高于文献已报道水平。     

[BMIM]HSO4/Al2O3催化剂的制备及其在甘油脱水反应中的应用

采用两步法合成离子液体[BMIM]HSO4,并采用浸渍法制备了[BMIM]HSO4/Al2O3固载型离子液体催化剂,用TG-DTG、BET、SEM等方法对催化剂进行表征。在常压连续流动的固定床反应器中,考察甘油制备丙烯醛的工艺条件,重点考察了反应温度、离子液体的负载量、体积空速对反应的影响及催化剂的稳定性。结果表明,较优条件为：当催化剂为[BMIM]HSO4/Al2O3,负载量为40%、反应温度为300℃、体积空速为6 h-1时,丙烯醛的选择性可达90.22%,甘油的转化率为100%,且催化剂在使用100 h后仍保持75%的收率。     

Au/La2O3/TiO2催化甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢

用沉积-沉淀法制备了Au/La2O3/TiO2催化剂,考察了制备条件和反应条件对催化剂活性的影响,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试手段对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明La2O3的加入可使催化剂催化甲醇水重整的催化活性明显提高,且明显降低产物气体中CO和CH4的含量,使氢气选择性明显增加. 当nH2O/nCH3OH=1.0、液体进料空速WHSV=3.42 h-1、反应温度为275℃时,Au/La2O3/TiO2催化剂催化甲醇水蒸汽重整制氢反应的效果最佳.     

助剂Co对硫化氢与甲烷重整制氢Mo/Al2O3催化剂稳定性的影响

H2S与CH4重整制氢反应是一条新型的制氢技术路线,但目前用于该过程的高活性Mo/Al2O3催化剂存在着稳定性不佳的问题.以商业γ-Al2O3 (Al2O3)为载体,通过共浸渍方式在20％Mo/Al2O3催化剂中添加不同含量(质量分数为1％～20％)的Co助剂,在常压、反应温度为800℃、H2S和CH4体积比为1∶5、...     

Ni/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂上甲烷水蒸气重整制合成气

采用固定床装置,考察了负载型Ni系列催化剂及反应条件对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的甲烷水蒸气重整反应的影响,并利用XRD和TPR技术对催化剂样品进行表征。结果表明,在空速1 800 h-1,n(H2O)∶n(CH4)∶n(N2)=2.86∶1∶3.28,反应温度700℃的条件下,催化剂Ni含量在9%时反应性能最佳,可得到94.3%的CH4转化率和64.9%的CO选择性。     

丙烯选择性氧化催化剂性能

通过分步沉淀法制备Mo-Bi-Co-Ni-Fe-K-O复合氧化物催化剂,考察了反应温度、空速和氧烯比等条件对丙烯氧化制备丙烯醛反应中催化性能的影响.结果表明,在反应温度(325～330)℃、空速(1 300～1 700)h-1和n(O2):n(C3H6)=1.5～1.7条件下,丙烯转化率98%,目的产物收率94%.经5...     

CuO/Al2O3催化剂对苯催化燃烧性能的研究

以大孔拟薄水铝石为原料,添加有机溶剂,经挤条成型、干煅、焙烧制备了比表面积高、孔分布宽的柱状氧化铝载体。用等体积浸渍法制备了系列Cu O/Al2O3催化剂,进行催化燃烧苯实验,并利用低温氮吸附(BET)和程序升温还原(TPR)对所制备催化剂进行表征。结果表明:Cu O负载量为14%的Cu O/Al2O3催化剂性能高,在反应温度为300℃、空速为1800 h-1、常压条件下,苯完全催化燃烧。     

MgO前驱体对甲烷部分氧化整体催化剂的影响

研究了以不同MgO前驱体为过渡载体负载NiO的蜂窝陶瓷整体催化剂对甲烷部分氧化制备合成气反应过程的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、H2程序升温还原实验(H2-TPR)和N2吸附等手段表征了前驱体及其负载活性组分NiO后的晶相、还原特性和吸附性能.在反应温度500～800℃、不同空速以及氧气与甲烷物质的量之比(O2/CH4)不同的条件下考察了催化剂活性.结果表明,NiO/MgO-Cl和NiO/MgO-S活性低、失活快;NiO/MgO-N催化剂活性高、稳定性好,这主要是由于前驱体在沉淀过程中形成不同物种,导致焙烧后载体及催化剂表面积和还原特性的差异.NiO/MgO-N催化剂在800℃,质量空速9 723 h-1及O2/CH4为0.5时,CH4转化率87.2%.H2和CO的选择性分别为100%和87.3%.     

Al2O3-ZrO2负载Ni2P催化剂加氢脱硫脱氮活性

采用浸渍-沉淀法制备Al2O3-ZrO2复合氧化物,通过程序升温还原法制备Ni2P/Al2O3-ZrO2催化剂。运用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱技术对载体和催化剂进行表征,并以噻吩加氢脱硫、吡啶加氢脱氮反应为探针考察复合氧化物对Ni2P催化剂加氢活性的影响。结果表明,在Al2O3表面引入少量ZrO2,既保持了γ-Al2O3大比表面积的结构优势,又减少了P或Ni与Al2O3表面的接触,促进Ni2P的形成。载体中ZrO2质量分数20%的Ni2P/Al2O3-ZrO2催化剂活性最高,载体焙烧温度过高会导致催化剂活性下降。     

均匀凝胶法制备CuO-ZnO-Al2O3-Cr2O3/HZSM-5催化二氧化碳加氢合成二甲醚

采用均匀凝胶法制备了CuO-ZnO-Al2O3-Cr2O3/HzSM-5催化剂,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)进行了表征,并在固定床微型反应器中考察了反应温度、反应压力,CuO与ZnO质量比、Al2O3和Cr2O3的质量分数对CuO-ZnO-Al23-Cr2O3/HzSM-5催化剂在CO2加氢制备二甲醚反应中催化性能的影响.结果表明,在533 K,3MPa,H2与CO2体积比为3和反应混合气体积空速为1600 h-1的条件下,在CuO与ZnO质量比2,Al2O3和Cr2O3分别占催化剂质量的10.0%和1.5%的CuO-ZnO-Al2O3-Cr2 O3/HZSM-5催化剂作用下,CO2的单程转化率达到28.94%,二甲醚的选择性和收率分别为31.76%和8.76%,甲醇和二甲醚的总收率达到13.98%.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。