一种蜜胺树脂为壁材的相变储热微胶囊致密性研究

采用原位聚合法用蜜胺树脂包覆了一种相变点为24℃,相变热为225 5J/g的有机复合相变材料,并对所制备的相变储热微胶囊的致密性进行了研究。利用扫描电子显微镜对微胶囊的表面形态进行了观察;用722型分光光度计对不同工艺条件下所得微胶囊在密度为0.79g/mL乙醇中的渗透性进行了研究;采用压力法观察微胶囊在受压后的表面形貌,对其强度进行了评价。结果表明:相变储热微胶囊呈均匀的球形,表面光滑且致密,平均粒径110μm;由于蜜胺树脂有大的交联密度,微胶囊在乙醇中渗透缓慢,证明芯材包覆效果好,同时发现双层壁材微胶囊的致密性优于单层壁材的微胶囊;平均粒径为10μm的优于平均粒径为1μm的;随着壁材用量的增大,渗透性减弱,但为了保证相变储热微胶囊的储热效果,芯材与壁材质量比以3为好。所制备的微胶囊可以承受1 96×105Pa的压力而不破损。     

石蜡-密胺树脂微胶囊相变材料制备与表征

研究中采用了正十八烷石蜡相变材料(PCM)芯材,密胺树脂作为囊壁材料,用原位聚合法制备成微胶囊材料。通过改变芯材和囊壁材料的质量比,探讨了微胶囊制备过程中O/W乳化液的相稳定性,并采用SEM,FT-IR,粒度分析仪和DSC对微胶囊的形态及性能进行表征。结果表明芯材增大O/W乳化液的相稳定性下降,微胶囊数量平均粒径和体积平均粒径均减小,当芯材和囊壁材料的质量比(Core/Shell)为1.5∶1时,微胶囊表面光滑致密,平均粒径为3.6μm,相变焓为98.6 MJ/mg。     

石蜡－密胺树脂微胶囊相变材料制备与表征

研究中采用了正十八烷石蜡相变材料（ PCM）芯材,密胺树脂作为囊壁材料,用原位聚合法制备成微胶囊材料。通过改变芯材和囊壁材料的质量比,探讨了微胶囊制备过程中O／W乳化液的相稳定性,并采用SEM, FT－IR,粒度分析仪和DSC对微胶囊的形态及性能进行表征。结果表明芯材增大O／W乳化液的相稳定性下降,微胶囊数量平均粒径和体积平均粒径均减小,当芯材和囊壁材料的质量比（ Core／Shell）为1．5：1时,微胶囊表面光滑致密,平均粒径为3．6μm,相变焓为98．6 MJ／mg。     

建筑用微胶囊型相变储热材料的制备及性能分析

为解决常规保温复合材料物理、化学性能不稳定的问题,提出了一种微胶囊包覆技术,将聚乙二醇复合芯材包覆于微胶囊中.以PEG 800和PEG 1000为主要材料,通过水浴加热法制备聚乙二醇复合芯材,在此基础上结合IPDI、DETA、SDBS等壁材制备微胶囊型相变储热材料.扫描电镜测试发现,微胶囊型相变储热材料对聚乙二醇复合芯...     

碳纳米管对液体石蜡微胶囊性能影响的探究

以液体石蜡为囊芯,三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂作壳材,碳纳米管为改性剂,采用原位聚合法制备碳纳米管/石蜡相变储能微胶囊。研究了碳纳米管对于微胶囊相变储能材料的粒径分布、包覆率、机械强度、密封性的影响。结果表明,随着碳纳米管量增加,囊芯所占比例逐渐减小,包覆率逐渐降低;当添加MNCNTs-OH量为0.0,1.7%,3.3%,6.7%时,破损率分别为22.3%,15.9%,14.7%,17.6%,且比未添加MNCNTs-OH的相变微胶囊重量释放速率慢,说明MNCNTs-OH不仅能够降低胶囊破损率,改善了胶囊壁材的韧性与强度,而且提高相变微胶囊的密封性。     

碳纳米管对液体石蜡微胶囊性能影响的探究

以液体石蜡为囊芯,三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂作壳材,碳纳米管为改性剂,采用原位聚合法制备碳纳米管/石蜡相变储能微胶囊。研究了碳纳米管对于微胶囊相变储能材料的粒径分布、包覆率、机械强度、密封性的影响。结果表明,随着碳纳米管量增加,囊芯所占比例逐渐减小,包覆率逐渐降低;当添加MNCNTs-OH量为0.0,1.7%,3.3%,6.7%时,破损率分别为22.3%,15.9%,14.7%,17.6%,且比未添加MNCNTs-OH的相变微胶囊重量释放速率慢,说明MNCNTs-OH不仅能够降低胶囊破损率,改善了胶囊壁材的韧性与强度,而且提高相变微胶囊的密封性。     

相变储能致密微胶囊的制备

分别采用界面聚合法、自由基聚合法首次制备了以聚脲为第一层壁材,以苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物为第二层壁材,相变点16℃的石蜡为芯材的相变储热致密微胶囊.采用激光粒度分布仪、红外光谱分析仪.差示扫描量热分析仪、热重分析仪分析了制备的致密微胶囊的粒径分布、结构组成以及热性能.结果表明,相变储热致密微胶囊是复合相变材料,微胶囊的粒径均匀,热稳定性好,致密性优良不渗漏,其蓄热能力较好、可广泛应用于节能储能的目的.     

界面聚合法制备聚脲微胶囊

采用界面聚合法制备了聚合物微胶囊,以十六烷为芯材,PVA为乳化剂,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和水直接反应生成聚脲作为壳材。得到的微胶囊形貌规整、表面光滑、粒径分布较窄。采用DSC表征微胶囊的热性能,结果证明:聚脲包覆对微胶囊的相变行为影响较小,且微胶囊具有良好的热稳定性,焓值计算显示微胶囊芯材质量分数可以达到70%。通过控制异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的加入量,研究了微胶囊形成过程中的形貌变化。     

聚乳酸-石蜡微胶囊相变材料的制备及表征

制备了以聚乳酸(PLA)为壁材、石蜡为芯材的相变储能微胶囊。采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、热失重分析仪和差示扫描量热仪分析了微胶囊的结构及性能。结果表明:PLA已包覆到石蜡上,该微胶囊的粒径为5~10μm;微胶囊的热稳定性能在一定范围内得到了较大程度的提高,在300℃以下无质量损失;微胶囊的储热能力高达170.52 J/g。     

溶剂蒸发法制备改性胺固化剂微胶囊的研究

以改性胺固化剂(1618)为囊芯、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)为囊壁,采用溶剂蒸发法制备了EP(环氧树脂)固化用PEI包覆1618微胶囊。研究结果表明:固化剂芯材已被微胶囊PEI壁材成功包覆,其热稳定温度为130℃;以明胶作为分散剂时,制得的固化剂微胶囊表面光滑,分散性较好;随着芯壁比的增加,固化剂微胶囊的表面变得光滑、致密,并且其平均粒径减小(当芯壁比从1.0∶2.0增至1.5∶1.0时,平均粒径由45.8μm减至24.7μm)。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。