海水淡化副产浓海水资源化利用制备NaCl

进行了电渗析法海水淡化副产的浓海水浓缩制备液体盐工程化研究,考察了电压、进水量等因素对溶液中NaCl含量、回收率、产量和能耗的影响。结果表明,在电压190 V、进料体积流量12 m~3/h条件下,溶液中NaCl的质量浓度可达183.2 g/L,回收率42.7%,NaCl产量为175.0 kg/h,电能耗可控制在200 kW·h/t(折算为100%的NaCl)以内。副产的淡盐水水质符合GB 3097-1997的第一类海水标准,若外排对环境无害。     

1,3-丙二醇发酵液电渗析脱盐的中试研究

在1,3-丙二醇发酵液电渗析脱盐小试研究的基础上进行了中试研究,着重考察了浓淡室流速、浓室初始浓度和膜对电压对电渗析操作过程的影响,通过综合比较脱盐时间、电流效率、能耗等一系列指标,确定了中试条件下脱盐工艺的最佳操作条件。     

电渗析处理焦化废水反渗透浓水的工程应用研究

结合某焦化废水深度处理与回用工程项目,考察了电渗析处理焦化废水反渗透浓水的状况和不同工艺参数对膜性能的影响,明确电渗析处理焦化废水反渗透浓水的脱盐率和能耗。结果表明,焦化废水反渗透浓水污染物对电渗析膜污染较重,可用1%稀盐酸洗涤恢复膜性能。2台电渗析膜堆串联组合处理焦化废水反渗透浓水,脱盐率和吨盐能耗随操作电压的增大而增大。固定操作电压为250 V,淡化液流量为9 m3/h,在此条件下膜堆脱盐率为51%,吨盐能耗为625 k W·h。     

陶瓷膜浓缩装置性能试验研究

利用陶瓷膜浓缩装置进行了高浓盐水浓缩试验,研究了设备的操作压力、操作温度、物料进料方式和物料浓度对陶瓷膜浓缩设备膜通量的影响,得出了陶瓷膜浓缩设备的工作性能曲线。结果表明,操作压力和操作温度对于提高陶瓷膜设备的工作效率具有十分重要的作用。     

固体颗粒对流化床多相蒸发海水淡化操作浓缩比及膜传热系数的影响

提高海水淡化操作浓缩比,不仅可以提高造水比,还可以有效降低淡化后浓海水再利用的后处理成本,故其是实现低成本零排放的关键之一。在一套循环流化床多相蒸发海水淡化实验装置上,分别采用汽-液两相及汽-液-固三相操作,考察固体颗粒对海水淡化操作浓缩比及膜传热系数的影响,并分析垢层的主要成分。实验表明：高温下CaSO4首先析出,是形成垢层的主要成分;采取汽-液两相操作,膜传热系数保持在1.75 kW·m-2·K-1左右,操作浓缩比可达到3.8左右;采取汽-液-固三相操作,固体颗粒强化传热和防除垢的作用显著,加入颗粒体积分数为4%时,在膜传热系数保持在2.3 kW·m-2·K-1左右不降低的情况下,海水淡化操作浓缩比达到5.8以上。     

多效膜蒸馏过程用于海水和浓海水的深度浓缩

研究了离子交换法选择性脱钙与多效膜蒸馏相结合用于海水淡化和淡化厂浓水深度浓缩的可行性。海水或浓海水中钙离子能脱除90%以上,可防止高倍数浓缩时海水中硫酸钙沉淀对膜造成污染。本文以膜通量、造水比和馏出液电导率为多效膜蒸馏过程的性能指标,研究了操作条件对过程性能的影响。膜通量最高可达6.07 L/(m2?h),造水比最高可达13.2;当海水浓缩至250 g/L时,馏出液的电导率小于200 μm/cm,膜通量和造水比仍可达3.61 L/(m2?h)和4.96。以除钙后的浓海水为料液,利用两种多效膜蒸馏组件分别进行了持续45天的操作稳定性实验研究,在试验期间膜组件性能没有明显下降。该研究结果表明,多效膜蒸馏结合选择性脱钙是适合于海水深度浓缩及资源综合利用的高效节能技术。     

利用油田废水电渗析脱盐液发酵制备鼠李糖脂的研究

采用回转式流道隔板型式的电渗析装置对高盐度油田废水进行处理。研究了电渗析两室浓差、浓淡比、油脂在膜表面吸附和清除方式等因素对含油废水脱盐效果的影响,给出了提高脱盐过程电流效率的方法,并比较了与常规处理过程的成本差异。然后采用含油脱盐水作为发酵用水,在500毫升摇瓶规模上进行铜绿假单孢杆菌的鼠李糖脂发酵实验,发酵5天后溶液中鼠李糖脂浓度可达0.2g.L-1,且发酵前后微生物对废水中油类物质的降解量达一半以上。     

单价选择性电渗析对高盐废水一/二价阴离子的分离

采用由实验室改性得到的单价选择性阴离子交换膜电渗析技术对模拟高盐废水中的Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)进行分离,考察了流量、电压、Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)浓度比、pH对Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)的选择性迁移比(STR)及能耗的影响。实验结果表明:设定浓室、极室流量分别为20、30 L/h,Cl~-与SO_4~(2-)的初始总浓度为0.5 mol/L,在淡室流量为20 L/h,电压为5 V, Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)浓度比为1∶1,pH为7的最佳条件下,电渗析装置运行120 min时,Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)的STR达到6.6,能耗为0.67 kW·h/kg。     

电渗析浓缩垃圾焚烧飞灰水洗废水研究

采用间歇电渗析法和连续电渗析法对去除重金属后的垃圾焚烧飞灰水洗废水中KCl、CaCl₂、NaCl等混盐进行浓缩工艺的研究,考察了电压、水洗废水温度、补料流量、水洗废水盐含量等因素对电渗析浓缩过程中混盐质量浓度、混盐回收率以及膜堆单位能耗的影响。结果表明,电压、温度、补料流量、水洗废水盐含量影响较大。在电压为12 V,水洗废水温度为25 ℃,补料流量为5 L/h、水洗废水盐含量46.70 g/L条件下,浓缩后水洗废水中的混盐质量浓度从46.70 g/L浓缩至187.29 g/L,混盐回收率为50.53%,膜堆单位能耗为170.79 kWh/t_混盐,表现出了良好的盐浓缩性能。     

电渗析法浓缩低浓度含铜废水

对低浓度含铜废水（10～50 mg/L）进行了电渗析浓缩实验研究。实验在自制电渗析装置中进行,电渗析反应槽内置交替排列的阴、阳离子交换膜,从而将反应槽分隔成阴、阳极极室、清室和浓室。废水中的铜离子由于电场力的作用透过离子交换膜被富集浓缩。实验分别考察了直流电压、极板间距、通电时间等因素对铜离子去除效率和浓缩倍数的影响,并分析其原因。结果显示,温度20 ℃、电压8 V、pH=7,极板间距360 mm、通电时间1 h时,铜离子去除效率可达90.4%,浓缩倍数为3.5,清室铜离子浓度为1.44 mg/L。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.