孝感地区小城镇住宅环境热舒适性调查研究

对孝感地区166户自然通风小城镇居民住宅现场测试了夏季室内干球温度、相对湿度、风速等热环境参数,以问卷方式调查记录了居民的热感觉,考察了居室热环境改善措施,调查结果表明,在自然通风条件下,83%的居民可接受的热环境对应的有效温度上限为30℃。     

衡阳地区高校学生宿舍夏季室内热环境的研究

为了研究衡阳地区高校学生宿舍在夏季自然通风条件下室内的热环境与热舒适度,对衡阳地区某高校学生宿舍室内的环境参数进行现场测试,并同时对宿舍常驻学生进行了室内热湿环境的主观问卷调查.通过对调研结果分析发现,夏季自然通风条件下,宿舍室内的热感觉为热,相对湿度较高,室内通风效果不佳,63％的学生对宿舍室内的热舒适性表示不满意.利用适应性PMV模型计算得出夏季宿舍室内的热湿环境处于Ⅲ级标准,室内热环境较差.通过线性拟合得到预测平均热感觉PMV与操作温度top的关系式,研究结果得自然通风下学生宿舍夏季室内可接受温度为23.9～28.6℃,室内的热中性温度为26.3℃.     

重庆夏季自然通风对住宅热舒适的影响分析

住宅非空调工况下的自然通风对室内热湿环境质量有显著影响。结合重庆地区近五年夏季逐时气象参数和民用建筑室内热湿环境评价标准,分析重庆地区居住建筑夏季自然通风的可利用率。并以该地区某一住宅为对象,测试夏季自然通风情况下的不同天气过程的室内外热湿环境参数,采用预计适应性平均热感觉指标(APMV)和预计适应性不满意者的百分数(APPD),在分析门窗开关和房间朝向对热舒适影响基础上,提出重庆地区住宅夏季自然通风运行策略。研究结论可为该地区居住建筑的设计和室内热环境的调控提供参考。     

北京市住宅环境热舒适研究

对北京８８户自然通风居民住宅现场测试了夏季室内干球温度、相对湿度、风速等热环境参数,以问卷方式和ＡＳＨＲＡＥ的７级热舒适指标调查记录了居民的热考察了居室热环境改善措施。调查结果表明,通风条件下北京普通住宅的热环境基本处于ＡＳＨＲＡＥ舒适区之外,８０％居民可接受的热环境对应的有效温度上限为３０℃,对温度的敏感程度与其他地区相近。     

北京地区大学教室热舒适长期调查研究

针对北京市某大学的教室进行调研,对室内热环境参数、受访者服装热阻及受访者热感觉投票进行了为期1年的跟踪调查。试图通过探索教室热环境参数与受访者热感觉之间的关系了解受访者对教室内热环境的需求,结果发现,不同季节受访者对环境的需求存在差异,夏季空调环境人体中性温度为26.9℃,过渡季节自然通风环境中性温度为23.5℃,而冬季集中供热环境中性温度为22.9℃,着装量不同是造成上述差异的主要原因。对于室内环境控制,在春秋过渡季节的绝大多数时间,自然通风可满足人员对室内热环境的需求;在非自然通风季节,将室内温度控制到可接受的范围就可以满足多数受访者的需求。     

自然通风在大空间建筑空调系统下室内热环境中应用的理论分析及实测研究

以上海市建筑科学研究院生态建筑示范基地为研究对象,对夏季由上部自然通风与下部空调系统共同形成的室内热环境进行了理论建模和现场测试研究.分析了不同工况下的温度分布,并探讨了自然通风在改善大空间建筑室内热环境中的有效利用及其优化途径.     

海南中部地区农村住宅夏季热舒适调查研究

对海南中部地区农村住宅夏季室内空气温度、相对湿度等热环境参数进行了调查测试,并对调查测试结果进行了统计回归分析。结果显示:温度和风速是影响当地居民舒适感的主要因素,而相对湿度影响较小;该地区农村居民夏季中性操作温度为27.3℃,可接受温度上限为30.2℃,期望温度为26.4℃,居民的耐热性较强;该地区居民对室内热环境的调节方式具有多样性,且各调控方式使用频率明显不同。     

户式空调新风引入方式对室内热环境影响研究

对多种新风不同引入方式下室内的环境参数作了测试，比较分析了新风引入方式对室内热环境的影响，提出了采用低位大新风量高风速引入方式室内温度场不平均度最小，即温度环境最好，并对所得结果进行了理论分析。     

我国湿热地区自然通风建筑夏季热舒适研究——以广州为例

2008年夏季对广州某高校学生在自然通风建筑中进行了501人次的热舒适现场调查,调查内容包括热感觉、热舒适度、热可接受度及潮湿感,并对相应的室内干球温度、相对湿度、黑球温度和风速等热环境参数进行了测试记录。通过对数据的整理分析发现,自然通风建筑的夏季室内温湿度均高于ASHRAE标准的舒适区域,但人们对该环境有较好的适应性。调查结果表明,我国湿热地区自然通风建筑的热中性温度为28.1℃(ET*=29.3℃),可接受的热环境温度的上限为29.7℃(ET*=30.9℃),相对湿度上限为78%。     

重庆市高校学生宿舍夏季热环境质量实测研究

对重庆市四所高校的学生宿舍进行了夏季室、内外环境参数的现场测试,在测得的实验数据基础上分析得出:大部分宿舍室内热环境质量在ASHRAE55-92标准规定的舒适区之外;室内在自然通风状态下的空气流动速度小,室内通风效果差;室内热环境与建筑的设计紧密相关;围护结构中屋面与外墙是建筑传热的重点部位。     

污泥制砖存在问题浅析

污泥制砖符合国家的环保政策,但在技术方面还待进一步创新和突破。为此分析了污泥制砖在技术方面、环保方面和社会大众认可方面存在问题及相应的改进措施。     

干旱区绿洲环境下的新疆小城镇建设投资

一、研究区域基本现状新疆地处欧亚大陆腹地,地貌轮廓表现为“三山夹两盆”,山地与平原的面积大致各占50%,镶嵌于戈壁沙漠的绿洲仅有7万平方公里。新疆土地面积166.49万平方公里,占全国总面积的六分之一。气候干旱,荒漠广布,是中国最大的干旱区,是亚洲干旱核心区,也是世界上著名的干旱区之一。水资源短缺,生态极度脆弱。新疆2004年底有1950万人,人均GDP已经超过了1000美元,城镇化进入了快速发展阶段,特别是小城镇的发展速度较快。但新疆特殊的干旱区绿洲环境,使得小城镇的发展存在许多问题。一是城镇规模小而散,基础设施配套差,城镇集散和…     

Levels of manganese in the urine of female farmers in non-polluted regions in Japan

Nearly 1500 urine samples were collected from female farmers in eight regions widely scattered in the islands of Japan in the winter of 1987-1988. The samples were analysed for manganese by wet ashing and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry under strict quality control. The values observed after adjustment for a specific gravity of 1.016 were distributed log-normally with a geometric mean of 0.65 microgram/l and a geometric standard deviation of 2.47. There was no effect of aging or any effect of smoking on the urinary manganese concentration. The inter-regional difference may be present but not yet conclusive. As no sex difference was observed in a previous study, it may be possible to deduce that the value may possibly stand for the "background" level of both men and women, either smoking or non-smoking, among the general Japanese population. The observed value is discussed in comparison with values reported in the literature.     

Typification of Fires in Buildings in Spain

Although the Dirección de General de Protección Civil (DGPC), an agency of the Spanish government, has been responsible for the collection of data and the statistical analysis of fires since 1985, it has not as yet issued any reports. It is true that a couple of studies have been made, but in neither case did they use a standardized methodology but relied simply on the heterogeneous information provided by the fire brigades which cooperated in the studies. At that time Spanish fire brigades did not have special units for professional fire investigation, nor was the information derived from standardized methodologies suited to research purposes. In addition, information was extremely scarce and basic, focussed only on the fire, the use of the building and personal data of the victims. In this context, the project for a Fire Investigation Unit in the Fire Brigade of Málaga (the sixth largest Spanish province in inhabitants) was set up. Although inspired in the methodologies used in the USA and in the UK, the aim was to create a customized methodology for the first scientific investigation of fires in Spain. Our research was conducted in 2007. Using the methodologies of the USA and the UK, our own methodological approach and the Spanish regulations, we drew up a questionnaire with 110 variables arranged into 6 modules. We studied 96 fires out of the 154 emergency fire calls received in 2007, having omitted some emergency calls for various reasons. Our results revealed that it was necessary to generalize the installation of fire extinguishers in residential buildings, to train the general public in the use of these devices, to promote the use of fire and smoke detectors in residential buildings, to encourage the inspection and control of old electric installations and to monitor the new installations, to generalize the implementation of emergency and evacuation plans and to design new systems and materials for the cabinets where hand-held extinguishers are stored.     

分光光度法测水中余氯

介绍了用双硫腙分光光度法测定水中余氯的新方法，阐述了其测定试验过程，根据试验结果显示，其结论符合国家标准，表明该方法可用于自来水等样品中余氯含量的测定，结果比较准确。     

Intersections of inequality in homeownership in Sweden

Abstract

Inequalities relating to ownership of housing have become a major issue de jour in many Western societies. This article examines how the distribution of homeownership in Sweden relates to two factors widely seen as significant to such inequalities, namely parental tenure status and place of birth. We use longitudinal registry data to examine the bearing of these two factors on individual-level tenure progression since the beginning of the 1990s for persons at different stages of their housing careers. We extend existing understandings of Swedish homeownership patterns by demonstrating that inequalities relating to place of birth and parental tenure intersect with one another in ways that substantially advantage certain subgroups while disadvantaging others, and by demonstrating that experiences of entry into homeownership have in recent years been changing in markedly different ways for these different subgroups. Overall, Swedish homeownership inequalities, far from dissipating, appear to be hardening along existing lines.     

莳花在城市绿化中的应用

目的:花化、香化、彩化已成为城市园林绿化的主要趋势,也是为满足人们对环境要求越来越高的一种心境。方法:选择采用莳花能表现出品种繁多,色彩艳丽等不同的方式,从而能在很大程度上丰富了植物造景的层次感要求。结果:能使其达到美化环境、增添节日气氛、提高绿化品质等方面有着突出的作用。结论:莳花造景对城市的美化可达到立杆见影效果,从而提高城市的形象和品位。     

日本城市浅层地下空间利用的新成就

本文结合日本川崎市站前广场和神户市哈巴兰德地区的立体化再开发，分析介绍当前日本浅层地下空间开发利用的成就和特点。     

遗传算法在边坡稳定系数计算中的应用

边坡稳定性的关键问题是确定最危险滑动面(潜在最危险滑动面)和边坡的稳定系数。国内外一般是采用先假定边坡滑移模式,然后近似确定最危险滑动面,再求近似的边坡稳定系数的方法来分析边坡的稳定性,但假设的边坡滑移模式难以反映边坡滑移的实际状态。因此本文探索利用遗传算法搜索最危险滑动面,并得到最小稳定系数及对应的最危险滑动面曲线,取得了较好的效果。     

地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道地质预报研究

针对地质情况复杂地区垫邻高速公路设计、施工中的具体问题，从地质预报的方法、原理方面入手，对地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道施工中的地质超前预报工作进行了深入的研究，在分析归纳的基础上，提出合适的工作方法。