复杂可编程逻辑器件CPLD专题讲座(Ⅰ)──PLSI和ISPLSI的原理及应用

从本期起，将以5讲左右的篇幅介绍复杂可编程逻辑器件（CPLD).它属大规模／超大规模集成电路（ASIC）的一种。它以速度快，集成度高，编程容易，使用方便，保密性强而称著。工作在自动化第一线的工程师和设计师们，在掌握了CPLD的原理和性能之后，就可以方便、灵活地在工作间里利用CAD软件和EDA设计技术，实现自己预想的数字单元和电子系统的设计。换句话说，用户在现场就能制造出所需要的大规模和超大规模集成电路。本讲座将详述属于CPLD分支的PMSI／ISPLSI（可编程大规模集成电路／在系统可编程大规模集成电路）这一复杂可编程逻辑器件的原理及应用以供读者。     

基于复杂可编程逻辑器件的DRAM控制器的设计与实现

本文介绍了一种用复杂可编程逻辑器件（CPLD）设计DRAM控制器的设计方法,并采用VHDL语言编程实现。     

一种基于DSP在线更新配置程序的实现方法

针对系统设计通用化的需求,设计了一种使用FLASH存储器作为数据存储器件,配合微处理器程序,利用复杂可编程逻辑器件（CPLD）更新和配置可编程器件,实现对现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）程序和数字信号处理器（DSP）程序在线更新的方法。本文给出了系统构成和实现途径,并对ALTERA可编程逻辑器件和TMS320C6000系列DSP的加载和系统设计实现进行了较详细的说明。     

一种多CCD系统时序产生方法

本文介绍在亚像元系统中利用CPLD（复杂可编程逻辑器件）为系统提供全部时序的方法。介绍了亚像元系统的原理，重点进行CCD（电荷耦合器件）及信号预处理电路的时序分析，以及如何利用CPLDP实现，为读者提供了设计CCD驱动时序和使用CPLD的一个实例。     

一种多开关结构的固态功控系统的开发

本文介绍了一种利用复杂可编程逻辑器件（CPLD）设计28V直流固态功控系统的方法，对整个系统进行了详细的介绍和说明。固态功控系统由控制和逻辑部件、固态开关部件和电流感受部件组成。固态开关部件采用电力MOSFET做软开关，使得电路通断时，不会出现打火花的现象。在可编程逻辑区，运用硬件描述语言（VHDL）在CPLD上实现了SSPC的控制和逻辑功能。     

CPLD在图像采集系统中的应用

介绍了一个控制系统中的前端图像数据采集系统，以及CPLD（复杂可编程逻辑器件）在系统中的应用，这种应用技术可以用于绝大多数图像采集、存储系统中的数据采样密度的控制，同时可以起到数据缓冲的作用；并且给出了设计电路原理图以及相关代码。     

一种基于CPLD技术的周期可变、脉冲可变的信号发生器

本文探讨了一种基于EDA（电子设计自动化）技术的周期可变、脉宽可变的脉冲发生器,具体采用的EDA技术是针对Altera公司生产的复杂可编程逻辑器件（CPLD）,通过软件编程,对硬件结构和工作方式进行重构,使硬件设计如同软件设计那样.为解决CPLD器件工作控制的限制,提出了采用单片机控制CPLD器件的动态配置技术,文章分析了以INTEL公司的MCS-51单片机器件和Altera公司MAX 7000系列器件为例的组合模式CPLD动态配置的原理和实现.     

CPLD通用写入器设计与开发

可编程逻辑器件（Programmable Logic Device,简称PLD）是20世纪70年代发展起来的一种新型逻辑器件,它是现代数字电子系统向超高集成度、超低功耗、超小型封装和专用化方向发展的重要基础.它的应用和发展不仅简化了电路设计,降低了成本,提高了系统的可靠性和保密性,而且给数字系统的设计方法带来了革命性的变化.CPLD（Complex Programmable Logic Device）,即复杂可编程逻辑器件,它是20世纪90年代初期出现的EPLD改进器件.同EPLD相比,CPLD增加了内部连线,对逻辑宏单元和I/O单元也有重大的改进.Xilinx是世界上最大的可编程逻辑器件供应商之一,FPGA的发明者.产品种类较全,主要有：XC9500/4000.Coolrunner（XPIA3）,Spartan,Vertex.在本文中,我们将通过对CPLD的发展、结构、应用和设计等方面的认知,了解CPLD的基本原理,并设计出CPLD脱机编程写入器的电路图.     

CPLD在CCD图像采集系统中的应用

介绍一种利用复杂可编程逻辑器件（CPLD）来设计CCD图像传感器驱动时序和嵌入式图像采集系统控制逻辑时序的方法;分析TC237B图像传感器和VSP2210CCD信号专用处理芯片的时序;结合状态机的设计给出部分驱动电路的VHDL源代码描述和功能仿真波形;验证CPLD技术在嵌入式图像采集系统中的可行性。     

基于CPLD的辨向细分电路设计

辨向细分电路在工业控制中有重要的现实意义,根据电路的特点提出了一种用复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)实现辨向细分电路的方法.CPLD是一种具有丰富的可编程I/O引脚的可编程逻辑器件,具有在系统可编程、使用方便灵活的特点;不但可实现常规的逻辑器件功能,还可实现复杂的时序逻辑功能.因此该方案具有成本低廉、设计灵活和保密性强等特点.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.