壁材对微胶囊物化性质的影响

以阿拉伯胶、大豆分离蛋白、明胶、变性淀粉、羧甲基纤维素作为壁材,以喷雾干燥法制备微胶囊。研究结果表明:变性淀粉、大豆分离蛋白和明胶的产率和效率相对较高。变性淀粉所制备的微胶囊表面光滑;阿拉伯胶大豆分离蛋白和明胶所制备的微胶囊的表面都出现明显的凹陷;羧甲基纤维素所制备的微胶囊的表面呈现褶皱。变性淀粉微胶囊,阿拉伯胶微胶囊,大豆分离蛋白微胶囊,明胶微胶囊,羧甲基纤维素微胶囊的体积平均粒径D(4,3)分别为38.31、37.78、35.00、30.68、21.80μm,且粒径越小,容重越低,壁材是影响微胶囊的物化性质的主要因素。     

蛋黄卵磷脂微胶囊性质研究

将蛋黄卵磷脂制成微胶囊,可以充分保持它的特性,拓宽其在食品加工中的应用范围。本文以蛋黄卵磷脂为芯材,采用喷雾干燥法生产蛋黄卵磷脂微胶囊,初步选择三种包埋壁材(DE-18麦芽糊精、大豆分离蛋白/DE-18麦芽糊精以及大豆分离蛋白/DE-18麦芽糊精/酪蛋白酸钠)进行蛋黄卵磷脂的制备,对比研究蛋黄卵磷脂微胶囊的特性,从而确定最佳包埋壁材。实验结果显示:水分含量、表面油与总油含量、包埋率以及密度在三个蛋黄卵磷脂微胶囊处理组中无显著性差异(p0.05),大豆分离蛋白/DE-18糊精/酪蛋白酸钠微胶囊组的吸湿特性显著低于(p0.05)其他两个处理组。在储藏期间三个处理组微胶囊样品TBARS值呈现缓慢上升的趋势,第0、5、20、25和30 d DE-18糊精组TBARS值显著低于(p0.05)其他两个处理组。扫描电镜结果显示:大豆分离蛋白/DE-18糊精组微胶囊样品比其他两个处理组有更为紧密、均一性的微观结构,因此大豆分离蛋白/DE-18糊精可以作为蛋黄卵磷脂微胶囊的良好包埋壁材。     

大豆分离蛋白在微胶囊分散染料染色中的应用

大豆分离蛋白(SPI)系生物表面活性剂,用于微胶囊分散染色有一定的分散、增溶作用。通过讨论大豆分离蛋白对分散蓝2BLN紫外-可见吸收光谱以及粒径分布的影响,分析大豆分离蛋白对微胶囊分散染料染色温度、时间、提升性等的作用,并且与常规微胶囊分散染料染色进行对比,结果表明,在高温高压条件下,添加大豆分离蛋白能提高微胶囊分散染料染色织物深度,缩短染色时间30 min左右,并且不会影响微胶囊分散染料染色织物的色牢度。     

维生素E-大豆蛋白微胶囊的制备及特性分析

为生产包封效率高、稳定性好的维生素E微胶囊产品,以大豆分离蛋白/硫酸葡聚糖复合颗粒或大豆分离蛋白与麦芽糊精作为复合壁材,大豆油和维生素E为芯材,通过冷冻干燥法制备维生素E-大豆蛋白微胶囊,通过对微胶囊包封效率、粒径、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、水分含量、润湿性、溶解度、吸湿性、堆积密度、振实密度、流动性、内聚性等理化性质的探究,考察壁材组成对微胶囊特性的影响。结果表明：壁材组成对微胶囊的理化性质具有显著影响;微胶囊最佳壁材组成为大豆分离蛋白/硫酸葡聚糖复合颗粒含量4 g/100 mL（以乳液体积计）和麦芽糊精含量12 g/100 mL（以乳液体积计）,在此条件下微胶囊的包封效率为89.31%,粒径为1.39 μm,且颗粒较为均一,水分含量较低,润湿性较低,溶解度较高,吸湿性较小,流动性较差,内聚性较强。综上,以大豆分离蛋白/硫酸葡聚糖复合颗粒和麦芽糊精作为复合壁材制备的维生素E-大豆蛋白微胶囊包封效率高,粉末特性好。     

喷雾干燥法制备芝麻油微胶囊的研究

以阿拉伯胶、大豆分离蛋白为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法对芝麻油进行包埋.以微胶囊包埋率为评价指标,通过正交试验优化影响包埋率的主要因素:阿拉伯胶与大豆分离蛋白的比例、芯材占固形物的含量和固形物质量分数.结果表明,最佳工艺参数为阿拉伯胶和大豆分离蛋白比例1∶1,芯材占固形物含量的25％,固形物质量分数23％.微胶囊产品外形成球状,体积平均粒径为41.19 μm,热重分析表明,微胶囊的形成提高了芝麻油的热稳定性.     

不同壁材组合油茶籽油微胶囊的性能研究

研究了以大豆分离蛋白、麦芽糊精、壳聚糖、阿拉伯胶为壁材,通过复配组合,采取喷雾干燥法制备油茶籽油微胶囊产品,并以乳化稳定性、微胶囊化效率及产率、微胶囊质量评价、微胶囊的形态和微胶囊氧化稳定性为评定指标,比较不同壁材组合得到的产品之间的差异.结果表明,以大豆分离蛋白与麦芽糊精为组合壁材的油茶籽油微胶囊产品具有良好的冲调性和氧化稳定性,较高的微胶囊化效率及理想的颗粒形态和粒径,是适宜喷雾干燥制备油茶耔油微胶囊产品的理想壁材组合之一.     

不同壁材制备油茶籽油微胶囊的研究

研究以大豆分离蛋白、酪朊酸钠、麦芽糊精、大豆膳食纤维和阿拉伯胶为壁材,通过复配组合,利用喷雾干燥法制备油茶籽油微胶囊产品,同时以乳化稳定性、微胶囊化效率和产率、微胶囊形态的微观表征颗粒完整率和微胶囊感官品质评价为评定指标,比较不同壁材组合得到的微胶囊产品之间的差异。结果表明,以大豆分离蛋白、酪朊酸钠和麦芽糊精为复配壁材的油茶籽油微胶囊产品为乳白色粉末,具有良好冲调性和流动性,微胶囊化效率83.62%和产率63.87%,微胶囊形态的颗粒完整率接近70%,是较好的喷雾干燥制备油茶籽油微胶囊产品的复配壁材之一。     

小分子乳化剂对鸡油脂微胶囊化的影响

研究了非离子型小分子乳化剂卵磷脂、单甘酯和蔗糖酯对以大豆蛋白为主要壁材包埋鸡油脂效果的影响。结果表明3种乳化剂均能降低大豆分离蛋白溶液的表面张力，但是卵磷脂、单甘酯对大豆分离蛋白乳状液的稳定性影响不大，而蔗糖酯可以提高大豆分离蛋白乳状液的稳定性，但是三者的存在均使产品的表面油含量增大，微胶囊效率降低。扫描电子显微镜照片显示使用单甘酯和蔗糖酯的微胶囊产品颗粒表面出现孔隙。而使用卵磷脂的微胶囊产品无此现象。结果说明乳状液油水界面膜的强度是影响微胶囊产品包埋效率的重要因素。     

响应面法优化亚麻籽油微胶囊制备工艺

以亚麻籽油为主要原料,对其微胶囊制备时壁材配比进行研究。在单因素试验的基础上,进行多因素优化试验,得出微胶囊制备壁材配比的最优条件。最佳条件为:确立大豆分离蛋白∶麦芽糊精为微胶囊最适和使用的壁材;壁材最佳配方为:大豆分离蛋白/麦芽糊精1∶3,芯材/壁材1∶2,固形物含量26%。     

茴香油喷雾干燥微胶囊化工艺的研究

本文研究了茴香油喷雾干燥微胶囊化的工艺，通过研究大豆分离蛋白与麦芽糊精之比和黄原胶用量对微胶囊化效率和产率的影响。     

单宁酸与大豆分离蛋白相互作用研究

利用荧光光谱、紫外光谱和圆二色谱,从分子水平研究单宁酸与大豆分离蛋白的相互作用。结果表明:单宁酸对大豆分离蛋白有较强的荧光猝灭作用,当单宁酸浓度小于6×10~(-6)mol/L(相对于大豆分离蛋白质量分数5. 1%)时,猝灭类型为静态猝灭,当单宁酸浓度大于6×10~(-6)mol/L时,同时存在静态猝灭和动态猝灭;单宁酸通过疏水作用与大豆分离蛋白结合,导致大豆分离蛋白的色氨酸和酪氨酸残基微环境亲水性增强,但对大豆分离蛋白的二级结构没有显著影响。     

Concentration of soy protein isolate affects starch-based confections' texture, sensory, and storage properties

The effects of increasing soy protein isolate concentration on the physico-chemical properties of starch-based grape confectionery gels were investigated using thermal, textural, and sensory analyses. Soy protein isolate decreased hardness, cohesiveness, and gumminess, demonstrating potential as a texture modifier. Increasing soy protein concentration progressively decreased the elastic properties of the starch network demonstrated by a lower G'-G" crossover frequency. High levels of soy protein also created a more homogeneous water population, one which was lost at lower temperatures compared to standard confections. An improvement in taste and texture acceptability of the confections upon addition of soy protein isolate was found by sensory analysis. Finally, physico-chemical properties were compared up to 20 d of storage at ambient temperature. Soy-containing confections demonstrated lower gumminess and cohesiveness during the entire storage period but a significant increase in hardness after 20 d of storage. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Soy protein isolate imparted soft texture to starch-based confections on a concentration-dependent basis. Increasing soy protein isolate concentration decreased elastic properties of the starch network in starch confections and significantly improved flavor and texture. Gumminess and cohesiveness of soy protein isolate confection was lower during 20 d of storage.     

Gelation Property of Alcohol-Extracted Soy Protein Isolate and Effects of Various Reagents on the Firmness of Heat-Induced Gels

Gelation property, thermal property, protein subunits distribution, and molecular forces involved in gelation of alcohol-extracted soy protein isolate were investigated using texture analyzer, differential scanning calorimeter, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and various reagents. Results showed that salts and pH played important roles in gel firmness, and a power law relationship between gel firmness and protein concentration was observed. The effects of various reagents revealed that disulfide bonds play a major role in soy protein gel formation, while the involvement of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and/or hydrophobic interactions also occurred in gel networks. Thermal analysis indicated that both alcohol-extracted soy protein isolate and commercial soy protein isolate (isoelectric precipitation) have undergone serious denaturation, while the gel firmness of alcohol-extracted soy protein isolate was significantly greater than that of commercial soy protein isolate. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis image showed that there was almost no difference for protein subunits among alcohol-extracted soy protein isolate, commercial soy protein isolate, and soy powder. Hence, as an alternative environmental friendly extraction method, alcohol-extraction of soy protein isolate has a great prospect to replace presently applied isoelectric precipitation method.     

Impact of Soy Protein Isolates and Specific Fractions on Rancidity Development in a Cooked, Refrigerated Beef System

Adding 0, 8, 16 and 24% soy isolate to a cooked, refrigerated beef system decreased TBA values proportionately. The impact of specific crude soy protein fractions on development of rancidity (TBA values) was investigated. The 7S, 9S and 11S protein fractions, a whole protein isolate produced from the same flakes, and the same commercial soy isolate as used previously were incorporated at the 24% or equivalent level. All additions had significant (P<0.05) antioxidant effect. The commercial isolate and the laboratory-produced whole isolate exhibited the most antioxidant activity. The 7S and the 9S fractions contributed significant (P<0.05) antioxidant activity.     

大豆分离蛋白对湿米粉储藏品质的影响

以湿米粉储藏过程中硬度、蒸煮损失和断条率的变化为指标,研究大豆分离蛋白对湿米粉品质的影响。结果表明,大豆分离蛋白会导致湿米粉硬度的升高,但在储藏过程中添加大豆分离蛋白的湿米粉硬度低于未添加大豆分离蛋白的湿米粉,这表明大豆分离蛋白可显著改善湿米粉在储藏过程中的硬度升高现象;当大豆分离蛋白添加量低于4%时,湿米粉的蒸煮损失和断条率均随大豆分离蛋白添加量的增加而下降;但大豆分离蛋白添加量达6%时,湿米粉的蒸煮损失和断条率上升。结果表明适量的大豆分离蛋白可改善湿米粉的食用品质,但大豆分离蛋白添加量不是越多越好。差示热量扫描和微观结构分析发现大豆分离蛋白可抑制湿米粉中淀粉的回生,赋予米粉蜂窝状多孔结构,有利于米粉在储藏过程中保持水分不发生迁移从而提高湿米粉品质。     

马来酸酐酰化改性对大豆分离蛋白功能性质的影响

研究马来酸酐酰化改性对大豆分离蛋白功能性质的影响。结果表明:随着马来酸酐用量的增大,大豆分离蛋白的酰化度增大,等电点降低;随着酰化度的增大,大豆分离蛋白构象松散,色氨酸残基的微环境趋向于暴露于水的状态,亲水性增强;经马来酸酐酰化改性后,大豆分离蛋白的溶解性、发泡性、乳化性及乳化稳定性均显著提升,但泡沫稳定性有所下降。研究表明,马来酸酐酰化改性大豆分离蛋白是一种非常有前景的功能性食品添加剂。     

大豆分离蛋白改性技术的研究与发展趋势

大豆分离蛋白因其高蛋白营养功能和不同的功能特性而广泛应用于食品工业,为了探讨改性大豆分离蛋白的功能特性,综述了近年来大豆分离蛋白改性的研究方法以及改性后功能特性方面的最新研究进展。根据当前的研究现状及存在的问题对今后发展提出几点展望,不同方式的改性可产生合适的功能特性,拓宽大豆分离蛋白的应用领域。     

Rice Dreg Protein as an Alternative to Soy Protein Isolate: Comparison of Nutritional Properties

Rice dreg protein could be a valuable source of plant-based proteins, as an alternative to soy proteins in some food products. Here, nutritional properties of rice dreg protein were compared with those of soy protein isolate. The protein content of rice dreg protein was approximately 62.6 g/100 g sample, with large amounts of fat, carbohydrate, and ash. The denaturation temperatures of rice protein isolate from rice dreg protein were 47.4 and 97.2°C, respectively. This indicated that these proteins could be denatured during rice syrup processing to form aggregates, but were relatively more stable than rice endosperm protein and soy protein isolate. The main amino acids in rice dreg protein and rice protein isolate were Glu, Pro, Arg, Asp, and Leu, with Lys as the lowest content. Most of essential amino acids and nutritional parameters of rice protein isolate and rice dreg protein met the suggested nutritional requirements for a child according to FAO/WHO, and were relatively higher than those of soy protein isolate. In addition, rice protein isolate showed better digestibility than soy protein isolate during four hours sequential pepsin and pancreatin digestions. The final digestibility value was 96.66% for rice protein isolate compared to 91.41% for soy protein isolate. Thus rice dreg protein could potentially replace soy proteins as a good source of value-added protein for human nutrition in response to the increasing demand for plant proteins.     

Foaming Characteristics of Commercial Soy Protein Isolate as Influenced by Heat-Induced Aggregation

The foaming properties of commercial soy protein isolate subjected to different temperatures (20–90°C) were assessed. The results revealed that the solubility and surface hydrophobicity of a 5% (w/v) commercial soy protein isolate suspension increased with increasing temperature, which increased foaming capacity and reduced foaming stability. Commercial soy protein isolate supernatant (i.e., soluble fraction) had higher foaming capacity at low temperatures (20–50°C). A high content of commercial soy protein isolate soluble fraction increased foaming capacity but decreased foaming stability. The SDS-PAGE patterns and molecular weight distribution of commercial soy protein isolate revealed that there were soluble, large molecular weight aggregates (>400 kDa) formed mainly from A and B-11S polypeptides of commercial soy protein isolate via disulfide bonds. Additionally, some aggregates also dissociated into small polypeptides and subunits after heat treatment. Commercial soy protein isolate precipitate (i.e., insoluble fraction) had a high content of proline and cysteine, which probably contributed to the foaming stability of commercial soy protein isolate.     

Rheological Properties of Mozzarella Cheese Filled with Dairy, Egg, Soy Proteins, and Gelatin

The Rheological behavior of mozzarella cheese filled with various proteins (whey protein, caseinate, egg white, soy protein isolate, gelatin) incorporated was determined by uniaxial compression at 10°C and the effect of temperature (10°C?60°C) by dynamic measurement. Mozzarella cheese with whey protein, caseinate, egg white, and soy protein isolate showed significant water retention during heating. Among the proteins, soy protein isolate induced the strongest gel network structure with mozzarella cheese. All proteins altered the viscoelastic properties of mozzarella cheese.