无机水合盐相变材料Na2SO4·10H2O的研究进展

介绍TNa2SO4·10H2O用作相变材料的储能特性,综述了针对Na2SO4·10H2O过冷和相分离现象的解决方法以及Na2SO4·10H2O某些共晶盐的研究,同时简要概括了各因素对Na2SO4·10H2O结晶速度的影响,展望了NazSO4·10H2O未来的发展方向.Na2SO4·10H2O作为相变材料的研究主要集中在成核剂和增稠剂的选择,Na2SO4·10H2O的无机共晶盐表现出较好的储热性能,可以尝试研究在微、纳米级多孔限域作用下的无机水合盐及其共晶盐的储热性能.     

相变储热材料CH3COONa·3H2O的研究及发展趋势

简单介绍了无机水合盐CH3COONa·3H2O用作相变储热材料时的优缺点,针对其存在过冷和相分层问题,目前研究所得的解决方法是添加增稠剂和成核剂.综述了分别添加增稠剂、成核剂及同时添加时对CH3COONa·3H2O相分层和过冷抑制的研究进展,分析了不同的添加剂和添加量对抑制作用的不同以及温度影响添加剂抑制作用的原因,最后指出了CH3COONa·3H2O今后主要的研究方向.     

CeO_2纳米棒及纳米八面体的制备及生长机理分析

以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为起始原料、Na5P3O10和Na3PO4·12H2O分别为矿化剂,采用水热法制备了CeO2纳米八面体和纳米棒,并且对Na5P3O10和Na3PO4·12H2O不同体系中pH值的影响作了分析研究。通过XRD、FESEM、TEM等方法对CeO2纳米棒和纳米八面体样品分析结果表明,在Na5P3O10和Na3PO4·12H2O系统中,初始时CeO2八面体与纳米棒共存,但随着水热时间的延长,在Na5P3O10体系中以CeO2八面体成为主要产物,而在Na3PO4·12H2O体系中以CeO2纳米棒为主要产物;在pH值约为2的条件下,两系统中均只有纳米棒生成。研究得出,Na5P3O10水解产生的HPO2-4是CeO2纳米八面体形成的主要原因,而Na3PO4·12H2O水解产生的H2PO-4是纳米棒形成的主要原因。     

CH3COONa·3H2O相变储能性能研究

三水醋酸钠(CH3COONa.3H2O)由于潜热较高而常作为相变储能材料被众多学者研究;而其适宜的熔点,使其能适用于家用热水储能系统等。然而,三水合醋酸钠在相变过程中存在着严重的过冷和相分离的问题。本文以三水合醋酸钠作为相变基体材料,经研究、比较分别以羧甲基纤维素、明胶作为增稠剂,添加各种成核剂后的各体系的相变储能性能,从而得出羧甲基纤维素比明胶作为该体系的增稠剂的效果好得多,Na2SiO3.9H2O、Na2B4O7.10H2O的成核效果较好。     

相变材料Na2SO4·10H2O的脱水过程及相分离分析

通过对Na2SO4·10H2O进行DSC和DTA／TGA测试,分析了Na2SO4·10H2O的脱水过程和相分离机理,得出Na2SO4·10H2O经多次循环后的质量变化表达式,讨论了克服Na2SO4·10H2O相分离的方法,探讨性提出微纳米多孔限域法。     

一步沉淀法合成片状纳米硼酸锌及其性能表征

向聚苯乙烯材料中添加阻燃剂可提高其阻燃性能．本文提出了一步沉淀合成片状纳米硼酸锌阻燃剂的新方法．采用Na284O7·10H2O和Zn（N03）2·6H2O为原料,通过一步沉淀法合成了片状纳米4ZnO·B2O3·H2O,并通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、傅里叶红外光谱仪（FT—IR）和热重一差热分析（TG—DTA）对不同反应条件下合成产物的物相和形貌进行了表征．结果表明,反应时间是影响合成的重要因素;＇-3Na2B4O7·10H2O和Zn（NO3）2·6H2O的摩尔比为1：2、反应温度为70℃、反应时间为8h时,合成的纳米4ZnO·B2O3·H2O呈片状,直径为50～100nm,性能最优．将片状纳米4ZnO·B2O3·H2O添加到聚苯乙烯中,考察其阻燃性能．实验结果表明：与以相同方式添加到聚苯乙烯的商业化纳米2ZnO·382O3·3．5H2O相比,片状纳米4ZnO·B2O3·H2O的加入显著提高了燃烧后碳残量,说明用本文方法合成的片状纳米硼酸锌具有良好的阻燃性能．     

六水氯化钙相变材料过冷性质的研究

CaCl2·6H2O作为一种常低温相变材料(PCM)在蓄热节能领域具有广阔应用前景,但其严重的过冷使应用受到限制.为解决这一问题,本工作基于无机盐成核原理,用溶液法制备了各种掺杂的CaCl2·6H2O晶体,并对其进行了热分析.在开放体系和室温冷却环境下,研究了不同成核剂的添加方法及工艺参数对CaCl2·6H2O的过冷特性的影响及其变化规律.实验结果表明,硼砂和SrCl2·6H2O是CaCl2·6H2O优良的成核剂,分别能将CaCl2·6H2O过冷度降低至2℃和接近0℃,有效地解决了过冷.     

复合无机盐相变蓄冷材料的制备与改性研究

针对建筑空调领域6～7℃的蓄冷温度要求,本文制备出一种以Na2 SO4·10H2 O和Na2 HPO4·12H2 O为蓄冷基底材料的复合无机盐相变材料.通过步冷曲线分析法、差示扫描量热法、瞬态平面热源法等实验方法研究不同种类、质量添加剂对复合无机盐体系的影响.实验结果表明:改性后的复合无机盐体系最终配比为32％Na2 ...     

压铸镁合金植酸转化处理中添加剂的研究

通过在植酸基础转化液中添加两种不同组成的成膜促进剂制备镁合金植酸转化膜,采用SEM、EDS及失重法研究了添加剂对转化膜结构、形貌及耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:经植酸转化处理后,镁合金表面耐蚀性能均得到了大幅提高,120 h盐水浸泡后失重率仅为镁合金基材的1/5;Ca(NO3)2、NH4VO3及Na2C4 H4O6·2H2O组合添加剂的加入有利于改善膜层结构和致密性,转化膜由完整、致密且与基材结合紧密的内层和网纹的外层组成,耐蚀性能较纯植酸转化膜提高1倍,而NaF、Na2B4O7及Na2C4H4O6·2H2O的组合添加剂则对转化膜结构和耐蚀性能影响不显著.     

低温固相反应工艺对NiFe_2O_4纳米粉体形貌的影响

为了改善NiFe2O4纳米粉体气敏性,采用低温固相反应法制备了不同形貌的NiFe2O4纳米粉体.以FeSO4·7H2O、NiSO4·6H2O和NaOH作为反应物,充分研磨制备前驱体,通过先抽滤后600℃热处理和先600℃热处理后抽滤制备了两种NiFe2O4纳米粉体,通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜考察了不同制备工艺对纳米晶粒尺寸及形貌的影响.XRD和SEM分析结果表明:两种制备工艺均能生成NiFe2O4尖晶石相.先抽滤后热处理制备的NiFe2O4纳米粉体颗粒尺寸约为80nm,颗粒呈立方体结构.而先热处理后抽滤制备的NiFe2O4纳米粉体,由于热处理过程中存在Na2SO4相,使得NiFe2O4纳米粉体颗粒呈圆形片状结构分布,颗粒尺寸为50nm,厚度约10nm.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to