一种新型风力发电系统

瑞士开发出了一种新型风力发电系统 ,可大幅度减少发电成本。据介绍 ,新型发电系统的高压发电机产生的高压电流 ,通过新型直流变压系统处理后即可直接输入普通电网 ,无需再通过普通变压器进行变压处理。据测算 ,新系统可以将风力发电站的发电能力至少提高 2 0 % ,每kW·h的发电成本将从目前的 0 .3～ 0 .4瑞士法郎 (1美元约合 8.95瑞士法郎 )降至 0 .2～ 0 .2 5瑞士法郎一种新型风力发电系统     

同轴反桨双风轮垂直轴风力机气动特性分析

对一种新型同轴反桨双风轮垂直轴风力机的气动特性展开研究,采用计算流体动力学方法对双风轮风力机进行了动态分析,并通过求解三维非定常N-S方程,得到风力机的气动载荷,与实验对比验证了该方法的有效性。研究结果表明:当尖速比为4时,同轴反桨双风轮垂直轴风力机下风轮相对于单风轮风力机的功率系数提高0.3%,而上风轮功率系数则提高3.2%;双风轮风力机尾流速度亏损大于单个风力机尾流速度亏损,在风场布机中有较大优势。当尖速比为4时,同轴反桨双风轮风力机内部复杂的涡流变化比较剧烈,其对风力机尾流变化也会产生较大的影响,此外,同轴反桨双风轮风力机内部的叶尖涡变化没有单个风力机内部叶尖涡变化明显。     

德国第一座海上风力发电装置建成

德国第一座海上风力发电装置近日建成投入使用。这座海上风车位于德国北海博库岛以北约45km的"阿尔法范土斯"近海风力发电场,该发电场计划建造12座类似的风力发电装置。负责这个项目的是德国海上风力发电试验场和基建有限公司(DOTI),它是德国能源巨头RWE、Eon和Vattenfall共同出资的合资公司。这座海上风力发电装置高达180m,发电功率为5MW。未来"阿尔法范土斯"近     

双风轮风电机组的主动共振穿越控制研究

高柔塔双风轮风力发电机组能够打破传统单风轮风电机组的风能利用极限,提高低风速地区的风能利用效率。高柔塔的固有频率位于风电机组的运行转速范围内,故而存在速度禁区。在风电机组正常运行控制的基础上,提出了一种共振穿越控制算法,防止风电机组叶轮在运行过程中与塔筒产生共振。该算法通过坎贝尔图找到共振区间,在最优转矩控制的基础上增加转速控制,实现快速共振穿越。在SIMULINK软件上开发的简单风电机组模型上针对稳态风和3种不同湍流强度场景进行了大量仿真试验,观察共振穿越算法的有效性和准确性。仿真结果表明,该算法在以上场景下均能实现准确的共振穿越。     

新型双功率流风力发电系统控制策略

基于电气无级变速器及带有电池储能装置的双功率流风力发电系统是近年提出的一种新型风力发电系统结构.文中提出了该系统的整体控制策略,以控制风力机、电气无级变速器电机、电池及电网之间的能量流动.首先,提出了基于定子侧变频器的最大风能跟踪控制策略,同时提出了当风速高于额定值时风力机的变桨距控制策略.然后,基于内转子侧变频器,提出了离网和并网2种情况下不同的控制策略.电池储能装置的应用可使系统根据电网需求调节输出功率,平缓风能波动,同时通过控制可稳定定子与内转子之间的背靠背变频器的直流侧电压.基于电气无级变速器电机的数学模型和控制策略,建立了整个系统的仿真模型,仿真结果证明了针对此新型双功率流风力发电系统提出的控制策略的有效性.     

基于永磁双转子电机调速的新型风力发电系统设计

提出一种新型风力发电系统,风力机与发电机之间采用永磁双转子电机调速,与电网连接的最后一级采用常规同步发电机,它克服了双馈和直驱风力发电系统的缺点,具有常规同步发电机的电能质量和优秀的并网能力。永磁双转子调速电机具有双机械端口、单电气端口,从而可以实现电能和机械能的同时传递与调节。详细介绍了永磁双转子电机的工作原理,依据永磁电机的基本电磁关系,推导并建立了双转子电机的数学模型。根据在风力发电系统中风力机的工作状态,提出了双转子电机的控制策略。仿真和试验结果表明了理论分析的正确性和设计的可行性。     

双馈风力发电矢量控制电流环参数特性分析

基于dq坐标系模型的矢量控制是双馈风力发电中应用较广的控制策略,但一般都按照并网前和并网后2种模式进行研究。文中建立了并网前后的双馈电机统一数学模型,并将控制器与双馈电机转子方程统一为一个4阶模型。详细分析了转子电流环控制参数对系统控制性能的影响,提出了控制参数的设计原则和方法,最后通过仿真验证了这种方法的有效性和实用性。     

内陆风力发电场风机布置方法探讨

提出风电场风机布置的原则.认为不同地理环境条件、风资源条件、地区经济状况都会对风机的布置方案产生影响.对内陆风电场和沿岸滩涂风电场设计中风机布置技术和经济进行了分析比较,并对内陆风场的风机布置提出了一种新的行列距组合选择原则.     

风电场机型选择中的技术经济评价指标

风机的选型直接关系到风电场建设项目的投资效益,甚至投资成败,通过对风电场资源条件及各型风机技术性能的分析,提出了对风电场进行整体技术经济分析的"技术经济评价指标"。以"技术经济评价指标"分析不同风机对风电场场址的适应性和性价比,分析了影响风机机型选择的各项因素。可用于风电场前期机型选择或风机设备采购评标工作。     

Influence of wind turbulence on yaw‐control gears in wind turbine

This paper describes the influence of wind turbulence on the yaw‐control gears of the nacelle in a wind power station. The site is located on Tappi Cape in Aomori prefecture, where major wind turbulence occurs due to the strong western wind and the steep slope of the cape. This paper discusses two adjacent wind towers out of a total of eleven and clarifies the influence of wind turbulence on the leeward wind power generator. Measurements showed that the turbulence and the standard deviation frequently exceeded IEC Wind Turbine Standards. Consequently, the torque applied to the yaw‐control gears oscillated with a short time period and its magnitude was frequently greater than 4.8 ton‐m (47 kN‐m), regarded as the metal fatigue limit. By a method in which the output of the wind turbine generator is controlled, the magnitude of the oscillating torque can be reduced below the limit of material fatigue. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 176(4): 15–25, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21141     

A study of generator system selection for large wind turbine generator system

This paper focuses on selection of wind turbine generation systems that include generators, converters, and gears. We study three systems: a permanent magnet generator (PMG) system, a doubly‐fed generator (DFG) system, and a synchronous generator (SYG) system in terms of the system efficiencies and running costs. The system efficiencies and running costs are calculated by considering the relationship between wind power and wind conditions. According to these results, the one‐step gear PMG system is the best choice for a large wind turbine system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 161(1): 51–57, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20506     

蚁群算法在风电机组变桨控制中的应用

运行在额定风速以上区间时,变速变桨风力发电机组采用恒功率变桨控制方式,由于额定风速至切出风速之间的风速变化范围大且迅速,使得功率波动较大且频繁,传统PID变桨控制器难以达到很好的控制效果。本文提出的蚁群PID变桨控制器,利用蚁群算法的寻优特性来优化PID参数,使得恒功率变桨控制系统更具自适应性和鲁棒性。分析了风机的恒功率变桨控制,然后给出了蚁群算法优化PID参数的策略以及具体实现步骤。仿真与实验结果验证了蚁群PID变桨控制器的良好动态性能,其有效地减缓了额定风速以上风机的功率波动。     

Output power control of wind turbine generator by pitch angle control using minimum variance control

Effective utilization of renewable energies such as wind energy as a replacement for fossil fuels is highly desirable. Wind energy is not constant and wind generator output is proportional to the cube of the wind speed, which causes the power output of wind turbine generators (WTGs) to fluctuate. In order to reduce output power fluctuations of wind farms, this paper presents an output power leveling control strategy for wind farms based on both the mean and the standard deviation of wind farm output power, a cooperative control strategy for WTGs, and a pitch angle control method using a generalized predictive controller (GPC) intended for all operating regions of WTGs. Simulation results using an actual detailed model for wind farm systems show the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 154(2): 10–18, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20247     

Matching between straight‐wing nonarticulated vertical axis wind turbine and a new wind turbine generator

In the current wind turbine generation system, there are substantial problems such as the fact that the maximum power of the wind turbine cannot be obtained in the presence of fluctuating wind speed, as well as high cost and low annual net electricity production (due to mismatch between generators and wind turbines). A new wind turbine generator optimized for the wind turbine output is presented in order to solve such problems. This wind turbine generator consists of a permanent magnet generator, a reactor, and a rectifier, and uses neither a control circuit which requires standby electricity nor a PWM converter having a switching element. By selecting the most appropriate combination of a permanent magnet generator with multiple windings and a reactor connected in series with each winding, the maximum output of the wind turbine can be obtained without using a control circuit. The new wind turbine generator was directly coupled with a straight‐wing nonarticulated vertical‐axis wind turbine (SW‐VAWT), and matching of the generator with the wind turbine was examined in field tests. The test results and review confirm that the new wind turbine generator is highly matched with the wind turbine in the presence of fluctuating wind speed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 174(2): 26–35, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21036     

基于预测控制的风机变流器的研究

针对目前风机发电系统中变流器常规控制方法的不足,设计了一种新型的基于电压预测控制的风机变流器。采用MATLAB SIMULINK完成了系统建模和仿真,以TMS320LF2407A DSP为控制器进行了实验分析,结果验证了方案的可行性和优越性。     

双馈型风电机组模型交叉验证分析

仿真模型是进行研究的基础,但建立模型后验证模型的正确性是一项值得深入研究的问题。通过Matlab和PSCAD软件验证所建双馈型风电机组模型,通过仿真分析可知,该验证方法更能证明模型建立的正确性。     

Imitation of the characteristics of the wind turbine based on DC motor

This paper analyzed the operating principles and power and torque characteristics of the wind turbine and the direct current motor (DC motor), and investigated the operating characteristics of the wind turbine compared to that of the DC motor. The torque imitation scheme, which has good performance and high feasibility, together with the whole wind turbine imitation system, was provided. The wind turbine imitation system includes not only a hardware platform composed of PC, data-collection board and thyristor-based velocity-regulator, but also monitor software of wind turbine imitation. The experimental results of different occasions verify the correctness and feasibility of the wind turbine imitation scheme proposed in this paper, which provided a valid idea for wind turbine imitation and investigation of wind power generation techniques in the laboratory. Translated from proceedings of the Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering, 2006, 26(7): 134–139 [译自: 中国电机工程学报]