EPON中节能动态带宽分配算法

结合光网络单元(ONU)休眠控制和动态带宽分配机制,提出一种节能的双向DBA算法。该算法根据上/下行业务量为每个ONU分配合适的上/下行授权带宽,保证每个ONU在上/下行方向都具有较低的传输时延,同时尽可能增加ONU的休眠时间来降低网络能耗。仿真结果表明,与已有算法相比,该算法具有较低的上/下行平均时延,并能减少ONU的能耗。     

光无线混合接入网中风险感知节能路由算法

研究了光无线混合接入网中具有抗毁能力的节能路由问题,结合光网络单元(ONU)休眠控制和风险备用路由表维护机制,提出一种有效的可靠绿色路由算法。该算法为每个无线路由器维护一个风险表,以记录网络中路径是否可用以及ONU活跃与否的状态信息,通过鼓励选择ONU活跃的可用路径来传输数据,可降低全网丢包率和能耗。仿真结果表明:该算法能够在稳定丢包率的同时更好地节省能量。     

基于时间期望表的DPM预测策略

系统级动态功耗管理(DPM,Dynamic Power Management)策略根据系统状态和负载的变化,动态地调整系统配置,从而能够降低系统功耗.PBALT(Probability Based Adaptive Learning Tree)预测策略以预测正确率为单一评估标准,存在高预测正确率高功耗的问题.本文提出基于空闲时间期望表(IET,Idle Expectation Table)的DPM预测策略IETBP(Idle Expectation Table Based Prediction),通过对空闲时间的分布和状态的误预测能耗的分析,以空闲时间的期望作为预测依据,从而克服了PBALT所存在的问题,并降低了算法复杂度.仿真实验表明与PBALT策略相比,IETBP策略在较低预测正确率的情况下能够更有效地降低部件的功耗.     

基于国际标准的新型EPON动态带宽分配方案

提出一种新的基于国际标准和区分服务(Differentiated Service)的以太无源光网络(EPON)动态带宽分配(dynamic bandwidth allocation,DBA)方案,该方案不仅能够在上行方向为多个光网络单元(Optical Network Unit,ONU)高效并公平地分配有限的带宽,而且能够最大限度地保证不同ONU间及不同通信等级间的公平性以及高等级通信的服务质量(QoS)要求.仿真结果证明,与现有算法相比,本算法在延时和利用率方面均有改进,在重负荷情况下改进更明显.     

提高带宽利用率和降低延时的动态带宽分配算法

EPON(Ethernet Passive Optical Network)由于它的低成本和高带宽,一直被人们认为是下一代接入网的解决方案.而动态带宽分配算法(DBA)一直是人们研究的热点.本论文回顾了最近几年已提出的DBA算法,并提出一种新的提高带宽利用率和降低延时的DBA算法.OLT依据接收到的REPORT帧判断ONU缓存队列的大小,如果队列小于最大传输窗口则先授权.在仿真中可以看到采取此算法可以降低延时并提高了带宽利用率.     

基于ONU和OLT休眠-唤醒模式的WDM-PON绿色接入网

提出了基于ONU和OLT休眠-唤醒节能工作模式的WDM-PON绿色接入网设计.介绍了WDM-PON的节能原理及0LT、ONU的休眠模式和唤醒模式.当休眠模式时间和唤醒模式时间分别设置为20ms和2ms时,每个OLT PON线路卡和ONU家庭路由器可以有效减少约70％的功率消耗.     

支持WiMAX节点灵活休眠的两阶段可靠多播策略

节能是无线网络的一个重要课题.针对IEEE 802.16e标准第2类节能模型中监听窗口长度固定会导致一些空闲移动站因得不到及时休眠而浪费能量这一不足,该文提出"两阶段可靠多播策略",让基站在第1阶段多播数据包,在第2阶段对第1阶段丢失的数据包进行网络编码并重播.该策略让移动站一旦空闲就进入休眠,实现了时延约束下数据包的可靠传递.仿真试验表明,该策略可以降低能耗,且移动站的占空比、能耗、吞吐率、丢包率等指标均优于传统的重传与确认方案.     

新的支持ONU睡眠模式的时隙管理方案

针对光网络单元(ONU)的节能问题,提出了一种新的基于轮询周期的时隙管理方案。本方案以轮询周期为带宽分配单元,在每个轮询周期的开始为各ONU分配收/发时隙,并将时隙分配信息通过修改过的GATE帧广播至所有ONU中,各ONU接收GATE帧并提取各自的收/发时隙分配信息,在本轮询周期分配的时隙内接收/发送数据,在无收发任务的时间内进入低耗能的睡眠状态。理论分析和数值仿真计算表明,采用本方案的ONU,其能耗仅为普通ONU能耗的11%,而引入的下行分组延时不超过2ms,下行平均队列长度在2Mbit以内。     

ONU节能效应研究

文章提出了一种基于光网络单元(ONU)的互联架构,该架构下的ONU能有效降低负载以及运行能耗。仿真结果表明,在新型电交换(ES)接入网结构中,采用2,3,4个节点互联的ONU架构的接入网在低负载时的运行能耗进一步降低,可以分别使网络能耗在一天中下降12%,15%,16%。     

802.16e系统中一种针对多用户实时业务的改进休眠算法

在802.16e系统中,当具有实时业务的多个移动站点(MS)同时进入休眠模式时,重叠的侦听窗口上数据调度的竞争将会影响MS的节能效率。该文对这种实时业务下多MS同时进入休眠模式的场景进行分析,提出了一种改进的休眠算法。该算法通过调整新加入连接休眠模式的启动时间,使得各MS的侦听窗口尽量分散,实现系统负载在OFDM帧上较为均匀的分布,从而提高网络的平均节能效果。仿真结果表明所提出算法不仅能够提高系统平均的节能效率,还能够降低系统的信令开销,同时在整体上提高系统的QoS保障。     

聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑发光及其器件制备

采用光谱技术,研究了聚对苯撑苯并双(口恶)唑(PBO)溶液的光敏发光特性,并用相对法估算出溶液发光效率在50%范围.结合光谱技术、半导体电学和电化学等研究手段,具体研究了以PBO为发光层的单层电致发光器件,研究结果显示,电致发光与薄膜的光致发光有具有相同的发光中心,峰值位于510 nm左右.同时发现,由于存制备过程中不同处理条件使得不同厚度薄膜残留的掺杂物质浓度不同,从而引起薄膜的导电性的不同.使得器件的阈值场强随PBO厚度的减小而逐渐增加.     

系统级封装新型埋入式电源滤波结构的研究

在高密度小尺寸的系统级封装(SiP)中,对供电系统的完整性要求越来越高,多芯片共用一个电源网路所产生的电压抖动除了会影响到芯片的正常工作,还会通过供电网路干扰到临近电路和其他敏感电路,导致芯片误动作,以及信号完整性和其他电磁干扰问题.这种电压抖动所占频带相当宽,几百MHz到几个GHz的中频电源噪声普通方法很难去除.结合埋入式电容和电源分割方法的特点,提出一种新型高性能埋入式电源低通滤波结构直接替代电源/地平面.研究表明,在0.65～4GHz的频带内隔离深度可达-40～75 dB,电源阻抗均在0.25ohm以下,实现了宽频高隔离度的高性能滤波作用.分别用电磁场和广义传输线两种仿真器模拟,高频等效电路模型分析这种低通滤波器的工作原理以及结构对隔离性能的影响,并进行了实验验证.     

Emerging interconnects: a state-of-the-art review and emerging solutions

Aluminium was a primary material for interconnection in integrated circuits (ICs) since their inception. Later, copper was introduced as interconnect material which has better metallic conductivity and resistance to electromigration. As the aggressive technology scaling continues, the copper resistivity increased because of size effects, which causes increase in delay, power dissipation and electromigration. The need to reduce the resistor-capacitor??????? delay, dynamic power utilisation and the crosstalk commotion is as of now the fundamental main impetus behind the presentation of new materials. The purpose of this paper is to do a survey of interconnect material used in IC from introduction of ICs to till date. This paper studies and reviews new materials available for interconnect application which are optical interconnects, carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and silicon nanowires which are alternatives to copper. While doing a survey of interconnect material, it is found that multiwalled CNTs, multilayer GNR and mixed CNT bundles are promising candidates and are ultimate choice that can strongly address the problems faced by copper but on integration basis copper would last for coming years.     

Arsenic deposition as a precursor layer on silicon (211) and (311) surfaces

We investigate the properties of arsenic (As) covered Si(211) and Si(311) surfaces by analyzing data from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) images. We then create a model using total surface energy calculations. It was found that both Si(211) and Si(311) had 0.68±0.08 surface As coverage. Si(211) had 0.28±0.04 Te coverage and Si(311) had 0.24±0.04 Te coverage. The Si(211) surface replaces the terrace and trench Si atoms with As for a lower surface energy, while the Si edge atoms form dimers. The Si(311) surface replaces all terrace atoms and adsorbs an As dimer every other edge site. These configurations imply an improvement in the mean migration path from the bare silicon surface by allowing the impinging atoms for the next epitaxial layer, tellurium (Te), to bind at every other pair of edge atoms, and not the step terrace sites. This would ensure a nonpolar, B-face growth.     

光子晶体微腔发光二极管

光子晶体微腔因其具有增强自发辐射、定向输出和单模工作的能力而受到广泛关注。介绍了光子晶体微腔发光二极管的基本原理、设计、特性、制作及其典型器件。     

Comparative study of maximum power point tracking techniques for hybrid renewable energy system

The power generation demand is increasing day-by-day throughout the world, therefore, the use of hybrid systems becomes a significant solution. The hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is used for delivering power in various regions in order to overcome intermittence of wind and solar resources. Because of increasing environmental problems, for example, greenhouse gas emission and energy cost have interested novel research into substitute methods in favour of electrical power generation. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control method is a vast deal of novel research used for enhancing the efficiency of HRES. The authors have revealed that the hybrid techniques i.e. Global MPPT, fuzzy-neuro systems, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Perturbed and Observe (P&O) + Adaptive Neural Network (ANN) etc. can provide best results as compared to other MPPT control methods. This paper offering a state of art review of MPPT control techniques for HRES.     

用于单光子TOF测量的时间-幅度变换器

基于新型共源共栅电流源的积分方法,设计了一种用于单光子飞行时间(TOF)测量的时间-幅度变换器(TAC).该方法有效简化了 TAC电路结构,减小了 TAC占用面积,显著提高了TOF的满量程范围(FSR).采用0.18 μm标准CMOS工艺设计.集成TAC的单光子探测器像素单元的填充因子可达到26.8％.后仿真结果表明,...     

Joint estimation of TOA and DOA in IR-UWB system using a successive propagator method

Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) ranging and positioning require accurate estimation of time-of-arrival (TOA) and direction-of-arrival (DOA). With receiver of two antennas, both of the TOA and DOA parameters can be estimated via two-dimensional (2D) propagator method (PM), in which the 2D spectral peak searching, however, renders much higher computational complexity. This paper proposes a successive PM algorithm for joint TOA and DOA estimation in IR-UWB system to avoid 2D spectral peak searching. The proposed algorithm firstly gets the initial TOA estimates in the two antennas from the propagation matrix, then utilises successively one-dimensional (1D) local searches to achieve the estimation of TOAs in the two antennas, and finally obtains the DOA estimates via the difference in the TOAs between the two antennas. The proposed algorithm, which only requires 1D local searches, can avoid the high computational cost in 2D-PM algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can obtain automatically paired parameters and has better joint TOA and DOA estimation performance than conventional PM algorithm, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques algorithm and matrix pencil algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close parameter estimation to that of 2D-PM algorithm. We have also derived the mean square error of TOA and DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of TOA and DOA estimation in this paper. The simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.     

超宽带脉冲信号的光学生成方法研究

近年来超宽带(UWB)通信技术迅猛发展,在测量、雷达技术、民用和军事无线通信中有着重要的应用,UWB-over-fiber技术已经成为目前研究的热点,其中就包括UWB脉冲信号的产生方法。区别于传统的电子学方法,光子学产生方法不受电子瓶颈制约,可以实现很高的带宽,并且具有抗电磁干扰、重量轻、结构紧凑的优点。通过对比国内外本领域研究成果,讨论及总结了以下三种原理的UWB脉冲信号的光学生成方法:1)相位调制-强度调制转换(PM-IM);2)半导体光放大器(SOA)的非线性效应;3)频谱塑形和色散所致频域-时域映射,然后对各种方案进行了对比分析。     

多孔硅发光机制的分析

从量子力学的基本理论出发讨论了量子限制效应，推导出多孔硅有效禁带宽度增量并用量子限制效应和表面态及其物质在发光中作用的理论解释了ＰＳ光致发光的实验现象。