Double Fano resonances in disk-nonconcentric ring plasmonic nanostructures

The plasmonic properties of gold nanostructures composed of a disk outside a nonconcentric ring are numerically studied by the finite difference time domain(FDTD) method. Simulated results show that two Fano resonances are formed as a result of the coupling of the octupolar and quadrupolar modes of the ring with the dipolar mode of the disk. The reduction in structural symmetry causes a red shift of the Fano resonances and distinct changes in spectral lineshape by offsetting the center of the in...     

Dynamical control of directional nonlinear scattering from metallic nanoantennas by three-dimensional focal polarization orientation

We demonstrate that the directionality of far-field second harmonic(SH) emission generated from individual gold nanosphere can be flexibly engineered by manipulating three-dimensional(3D) focal polarization orientation of the excitation field, which is explained by the coherent interference between SH dipolar and quadrupolar emission modes. The SH dipolar emission mode is independent of the polarization direction of the fundamental field whereas the evolution of the focal polarization orientation can dramatically modify the quadrupolar emission pattern. Therefore, the resultant SH emission pattern has a polarization-dependent behavior and side scattering almost perpendicular to the propagation direction of the incident light can be observed under a specific condition. Our findings provide a novel degree of freedom for all-optical control of directional nonlinear scattering from single nanoantenna, thereby opening new possibilities for future potential applications.     

Engineering Symmetry‐Breaking Nanocrescent Arrays for Nanolasing

This paper describes a symmetry‐breaking plasmonic lattice structure that can support narrow resonances as optical feedback for nanolasing. A scalable technique is developed to fabricate nanocrescent arrays with low‐structural symmetry unit cells to achieve in‐plane quadrupolar lattice plasmon modes. These lattice plasmons with extremely narrow linewidths preserve nonzero net dipole moments under normal excitation. Ultrafast band‐edge lasing can be switched on and off by changing the polarization of the incident pump light. The quadrupolar lattice plasmon lasing process is simulated with a semi‐quantum model and the sharp tips on the nanocrescents accelerate the lasing buildup process and enhance stimulated emission.     

Intrinsic Seebeck Coefficient of Quantum Dots

The Seebeck coefficient S is an important performance characteristic of thermoelectric materials. In this paper we establish the fact that quantum dots and single-electron tunneling devices with narrow, well-spaced energy levels and sharp transmission resonances have a Seebeck coefficient independent of material parameters. By employing a delta function for the transmission resonances we arrive at an intrinsic expression for S in terms of the fundamental electronic charge e. We further confirm the validity of our result in the case of a transmission resonance with finite width.     

应用于THz波的非对称双开口环传输特性研究

设计并制备了一种适用于太赫兹波段的非对称双开口环结构,数值仿真和实验测量了其传输性质.结果表明,垂直极化时样品在低频的0.540 THz和0.925 THz处存在谐振点,来源于左右两开口环的LC谐振,电流和电场分布主要集中在两开口环的开口处;而在高频处(1.885THz)谐振点的表面电流具有相反的两个环流方向,电流和电场分布于整个样品表面,此处的谐振来源于两开口环耦合后的偶极子谐振.当太赫兹波平行极化该样品时,原来两个低频的LC谐振消失.实验测量结果与数值仿真具有很好的一致性.此结构超材料的传输特性研究对太赫兹波调制器、滤波器、吸收器及偏振器等器件设计和制备具有一定的指导意义.     

A Dual Polarized Triple Band Stacked Elliptical Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applications

In this paper, a single coaxial feed dual polarized triple band stacked microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications is presented. The proposed stacked antenna has two resonating elements with lower layer consisting of a truncated corner square patch and upper layer with an elliptical patch. Both the layers of proposed antenna are printed on RT Duroid^® 5880 substrate (having ?_r?=?2.2). The antenna shows triple band resonance at 4.2, 4.8 and 5.8 GHz with circular polarization behaviour at the first two resonances and linear polarization characteristic in the third resonance respectively. The typical realized gain of proposed antenna is around 7 dB in all three resonating bands.     

Proposed Experiment for Eliciting Multiple Resonances from the Ionosphere (Correspondence)

In the theory of Herlofson only one resonance is predicted for a cylindrical plasma column irradiated by an electromagnetic wave having both its direction of propagation and electric field E perpendicular to the axis of the column, a mode which he designates as sagittal. Herlofson treats the problem by solving the wave equation in cylindrical coordinates and then imposing boundary conditions to find the frequency or frequencies for maximum scattering from the column. In his treatment, the modes which involve Bessel functions of order higher than unity have the same resonant frequency as that for the dipolar mode for which the order of the Bessel function is unity. No resonances at all are predicted for the parallel mode of excitation in which E is parallel to the axis of the column. These predictions are contrary to the experimental observations of Dattner and others for the saggital mode and also contrary to the observations reported by Willis and Petroff in which a spectrum of resonances is found for the parallel mode. Experiments by Boley have shown that the sagittal scattering for the higher order resonances is that appropriate for a dipole, that is, his experiments show that the field about the column for the higher-order modes is not quadropolar or sextupolar.     

Independently tunable Fano resoances based on E-shaped cavity and its high performance sensing application

A novel nanostructure based on a simple metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) bus waveguide with sliver baffle as well as an E-shaped cavity is proposed to generate double Fano resonances arising from interference between broad continuous state and narrow discrete state. The commercial software COMSOL based on finite element methods is used to explore the Fano resonances properties and the senor properties of the system. According to the simulation results, it is demonstrated that E-shaped cavity can generate two discrete states, and the continuous sate is constructed by loading sliver baffle in bus waveguide. Moreover, it can be found that the Fano peak wavelengths and profiles can easily be tuned via structural parameters. Interestingly, the independent control of the left Fano resonance (LFR) can be accomplished by changing horizontal cavity length of E-shaped cavity. Meanwhile, our proposed nanostructure has a higher sensitivity of 1 440 nm/RIU as well as a higher figure of merit (FOM) value approximately 5 244. In conclusion, the proposed independently tunable Fano nanostructure may have a great promising in the fields of nanosensors, filters and other optical devices.     

Efficiency Enhancement of Organic Solar Cells by Using Shape‐Dependent Broadband Plasmonic Absorption in Metallic Nanoparticles

It is been widely reported that plasmonic effects in metallic nanomaterials can enhance light trapping in organix solar cells (OSCs). However, typical nanoparticles (NP) of high quality (i.e., mono‐dispersive) only possess a single resonant absorption peak, which inevitably limits the power conversion efficiency (PCE) enhancement to a narrow spectral range. Broadband plasmonic absorption is obviously highly desirable. In this paper, a combination of Ag nanomaterials of different shapes, including nanoparticles and nanoprisms, is proposed for this purpose. The nanomaterials are synthesized using a simple wet chemical method. Theoretical and experimental studies show that the origin of the observed PCE enhancement is the simultaneous excitation of many plasmonic low‐ and high‐order resonances modes, which are material‐, shape‐, size‐, and polarization‐dependent. Particularly for the Ag nanoprisms studied here, the high‐order resonances result in higher contribution than low‐order resonances to the absorption enhancement of OSCs through an improved overlap with the active material absorption spectrum. With the incorporation of the mixed nanomaterials into the active layer, a wide‐band absorption improvement is demonstrated and the short‐circuit photocurrent density (J_sc) improves by 17.91%. Finally, PCE is enhanced by 19.44% as compared to pre‐optimized control OSCs. These results suggest a new approach to achieve higher overall enhancement through improving broadband absorption.     

Characteristics of dielectric loaded and covered circular waveguide phased arrays

The use of dielectric materials for the hardening and matching of phased-array antennas in recent years has shown that a more complete understanding of the effects of these materials upon the array performance is necessary. The characteristics of fully loaded, plugged, and sheath covered circular waveguide phase arrays are analyzed and discussed. Numerical solutions of the boundary-value problem are verified by experimental and convergence tests. Particular emphasis is placed on the study of (forced) surface wave resonance effects. Three different cases for surface wave resonances were obtained. These include the case in which surface wave resonances are present in the absence of dielectrics, the case in which they are trapped by the presence of dielectric plugs, as well as the case in which waves are trapped by the presence of a dielectric sheath. The surface wave resonance due to the plug is shown to vanish for certain "bandpass" ranges of plug thickness which repeat periodically for a single trapped waveguide mode. On the other hand, the surface wave trapped in the sheath exhibits no "bandpass" characteristics. Instead, multiple surface wave resonances occur with increasing sheath thickness. Finally, the surface wave resonances observed here appear at isolated points in the scan plane.     

Design of multireflector resonant bandpass filters for guided waveoptics

A design algorithm for ripple-free flat-top bandpass filters in optical waveguides containing N equally spaced, lossless mirrors is described. The algorithm assumes that the propagation phase shift φ between centers of adjacent mirrors equals (m+1/2)π radians at resonance frequencies ν_m, with m an integer. The mirror reflectances R_j, j=1,…,N, are chosen such that the transmittance T(ν) of the filter is 1 at the resonance frequencies, and terms in the power series expansion of T(ν) of order less than (ν-ν_m)^2(N-1) are eliminated. This ensures that T(ν) approaches an ideal rectangular profile with increasing N, as illustrated by calculated transmittance spectra for N=2, 4 and 6. The dispersion of these multimirror etalons has also been explored. For the higher N values, it is found that the group refractive index is a minimum at the resonance frequencies, in contrast to the case N=2 for which the group index is a maximum at the resonances     

Modified GTD for generating complex resonances for flat strips and disks

The complex resonance frequencies of a scatterer are important elements in target classification and identification. In the singularity expansion method (SEM), the resonances are defined by a homogeneous integral equation whose numerical solution is feasible in the low, but not in the high, frequency range. At high frequencies, the geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) provides an attractive numerical alternative and, furthermore, incorporates an interpretation of the resonance generation process in terms of multiple wavefront (ray) traversals. Except for extremely simple scatterer configurations, the (damped) complex resonances are known to occupy an entire half of the complex frequency plane. Dominant and higher order creeping wave GTD applied to cylinders and spheres does indeed yield resonances arranged along a sequence of "layers" in that entire half-plane, but multiple edge diffracted GTD applied to flat strips and disks furnishes only a single (dominant) layer. By drawing analogies with higher order creeping waves on a smooth object, the conventional edge diffracted GTD field is here augmented by higher order ray fields undergoing higher order "slope diffraction." Each of these higher order ray fields can be made to satisfy its own resonance equation, which is now found to provide the missing layers, with remarkably accurate values for the resonances when compared, where available, with those calculated numerically by the moment and T-matrix methods. The success of higher order ray diffraction in predicting the complex resonance structure suggests that this mechanism may play a corrective role also in other edge dominated scattering phenomena.     

High-Q and Tailorable Fano Resonances in a One-Dimensional Metal-Optical Tamm State Structure: From a Narrowband Perfect Absorber to a Narrowband Perfect Reflector

Fano resonances giving rise to a rich variety of asymmetric spectral shapes have been investigated in optical nanostructures with multidimensional configurations. However, 1D nanostructure realizing Fano resonances with well-controlled spectral shapes are yet to be demonstrated. Here, the authors present both numerically and experimentally a 1D nanostructure exhibiting rich Fano resonances induced by interference between a lossy background (continuum) provided by a metal thin film and a discrete optical Tamm state (OTS). A drastic change in the Fano line shape occurs from a narrowband perfect absorber into a narrowband perfect reflector by controlling the metal thin film. Independent from the metal-related Fano profile, the OTS component determines the resonance frequency and guarantees a sharp resonance (with quality factors over 1000) on the flat mirror background. Taking advantage of its high-Q property, the structure can be developed into a dispersion device with subnanometer spectral resolution, which even enables a direct imaging of spectral information of molecular fingerprint. The authors believe that this work not only demonstrates a planar nanostructure with versatile Fano resonances for various applications but also provides physical insights into how a metal thin film can induce and significantly affect the Fano resonances in 1D optical resonators.     

A surface wave interpretation for the resonances of a dielectric sphere

The calculated radar and bistatic cross sections of dielectric spheres exhibit numerous resonances when plotted versus frequency. These resonances may be related to the excitation of electromagnetic eigenvibrations of the sphere, with resonance frequencies calculable from a characteristic equation. It is shown that the resonances may be viewed as originating from families of circumferential (surface, or creeping) waves that are generated during the scattering process; at each eigenfrequency of the sphere, one of these surface waves matches phases after its repeated circumnavigations around the sphere, with the ensuing resonant reinforcement leading to the given scattering resonance. This mechanism explains the existence of electromagnetic eigenvibrations of a general smooth dielectric object; for the case of a sphere, it is shown that the surface waves suffer a phase jump ofpi/2at each of their two convergence points. We calculated numerical values of the eigenfrequencies of dielectric spheres, and obtain dispersion curves for the phase velocities of the surface waves.     

Guided Waves on an Infinite Cylindrical Cavity in a Magneto-ionic Medium II. Dipolar Modes†

The characteristics of the guided waves supported by an infinitely long cylindrical cavity of free-space immersed in a magneto-ionic medium are investigated for the case of the magnetostatic field in the direction of the axis of the column. The dipolar case for which the fields have an exp (imφ) azimuthal variation, where φ is the angular variable and m ± 1, is treated. The characteristics of the transition, the resonance and the cut-off frequencies of the guided waves ore discussed with particular reference to their dependences on the radius of the free-space column. The dispersion characteristics under propagating conditions are studied in detail both for the special case of vanishing static magnetic field and for the general case of finite magneto-static field corresponding to the two typical values of the ratio R of the gyromagnetic to the plasma frequencies. The lowest-order mode is found to be of the modified TE type and has special features such as that it can have forward or backward wave and fast or slow wave regions in certain portions of its characteristics, depending on the radius of the free-Space column and the azimuthal variation of the fields. All the other higher-order modes are found to be fast forward waves, whose phase velocity monotonically decreases as the frequency is increased and approaches the free-space velocity of electromagnetic waves. For an extremely small radius of the free-space column, the group velocity is vanishingly small for a major portion of the range of propagation of the only existing, lowest-order surface wave.     

Dimensional magnetic resonances in nanostructure systems

It is shown that magnetic interaction of closely spaced atoms is an electromagnetic field leads to the formation of dimensional magnetic resonances with small widths and frequencies that differ considerably from the frequency of the magnetic resonance of an isolated atom and depend strongly on the interatomic distance and polarization of the external field. The interactions between two identical atoms and between two different atoms are considered with allowance for spin and orbital quantum transitions. Dimensional magnetic resonances in a diatomic nanostructure system are studied on the basis of a non-perturbation-theory-based solution to a system of equations for the field and atomic variables.     

Shielding effectiveness of rectangular cavity made of a new shielding material and resonance suppression

New shielding material has become an alternative to traditional metal to shield boxes from electromagnetic interferences. This article introduces the theory of transmission line method to study the shield boxes made of a new sort of material, and then expands the fundamental formulas to deal with the cases of multiple holes and polarization with arbitrary angle. By means of genetic algorithms with the aid of a three dimensional simulation tool, the damping of electromagnetic resonances in enclosures is researched. The computation indicates that under resonant frequency, electromagnetic resonance results in low, even negative shielding coefficient; whereas, for the same areas, shielding effectiveness of a single hole is worse than that of multiple holes. Shielding coefficient varies when polarization angle increases, and the coupled field through the rectangular aperture with the long side parallel to the thin wire is much weaker than that with the long side vertical to the thin wire. By using the metallic-loss dielectric layer of optimized calculation on the internal surface of the cavity, the best result of resonance suppression has been realized with the same thickness of coating. Finally, according to the calculation result, suggestions for shielding are proposed.     

双极化无芯片RFID金属裂纹传感器

为检测金属结构中裂纹的宽度及方向,提高检测的灵敏度和可靠性,设计了一种基于频率信号的双极化无芯片RFID传感器。在2.2~6.2 GHz频率范围内进行四频带分段设计,传感器为圆盘及双模圆盘多微带谐振器结构,利用HFSS软件对传感器进行结构优化与性能仿真。结果表明,传感器在x极化和y极化方向激励下,分别产生两组四位谐振。金属裂纹的方向根据谐振频率偏移方向判断,两种极化方式共产生八位谐振偏移信息供判定,可实现对0°、45°、90°、135°方向裂纹的准确识别;对各方向上裂纹宽度与传感器谐振频率偏移量进行拟合,两者间呈现良好的线性关系,且通过极化复用大幅提高了传感器的灵敏度,分辨率可达亚毫米级,在各个方向上灵敏度分别为40.71 MHz/0.1 mm、11.28 MHz/0.1 mm、26.04 MHz/0.1 mm、15.19 MHz/0.1 mm。制作了传感器实物并进行实验测试。设计的RFID传感器具有无源、低成本、灵敏度高的特点,在结构健康监测中具有应用潜力。     

Chaos hamiltonien

Hamiltonian chaos is illustrated through the chaotic regime of a synchronous dipolar motor. This regime is explained with a quite simple Hamiltonian which describes the nonlinear pendulum in a particular limiting case. Phase space structure as revealed by a stroboscope relies upon the nesting of resonances and the tangle of stable and unstable manifolds.     

Frequency-selective screens and radiating and guiding structures based on anisotropically conducting surfaces

Three types of elements with an anisotropically conducting surface—a strip, a cylinder, and a sphere—that are of interest for certain applications are considered. It is shown that these electrodynamic objects exhibit resonance properties even when their dimensions are small compared to the wavelength and that resonances occur in both 2D and 3D diffraction problems. It is found that the presence of low-frequency resonances provides for a wide variety of electrodynamic properties of the objects under study and of gratings formed from such elements. Examples of implemented waveguides, waveguide mode converters, frequency-selective circular-polarization antennas, and polarization transducers are presented.