表观气速对气升式环流反应器性能的影响

利用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟方法.采用Euler法双流体模型研究了表观气速对气液两相气升式环流反应器的液体循环速率和气含率的影响.实验结果与数值模拟结果吻合较好.结果表明.气含率和液体速率在反应器内分布不均匀,气含率在相同的径向位置变化很小,液体速率随着表观气速的增加而增加.     

气升式反应器中的西洋参细胞培养

在不同的气升式反应器中对西洋参细胞进行了大规模培养。西洋参细胞得率为11g～14gdwt/e,细胞中总皂甙含量为4.45％。讨论了西洋参细胞在新型的气升式反应器内培养过程中的流变学特性、传质特性以及流场剪切应力变化规律。文章还讨论了培养基成分对大规模培养结果的影响。     

气升式反应器的优化

从强化传质与节能方面概述了近年来国内外在气升式反应器结构参数优化、操作参数的优化及溶液性质等方面的研究工作 ,提出了今后的研究方向     

非牛顿流体在气升式反应器中的流动特性

以非牛顿型流体在气升式内环流反应器中流动特性为研究对象，考察了在气－液－固三相体系中气含率和液体循环速度随不同的表观气速、固体颗粒粒径和浓度、设备结构尺寸的变化规律。对实验数据进行了回归处理得到气含率和循环速度的经验关联式，并对非牛顿型流体和牛顿型流体在同一反应器中的流动特性作了比较     

气升式环流反应器流动特性的数值模拟

应用Fluent计算流体力学软件,通过数值模拟的方法考察了气升式环流反应器内导流简直径、导流筒高度、导流筒安装高度以及液相进口速度对反应器内两相流动的影响。计算结果表明：导流简直径增大。液相循环量和上升段气含率均增大;导流筒高度增大,液相循环速度和循环量均增大,但是当导流筒的高径比增加到6．3后,液相循环速度和循环量反而减小;导流筒安装高度增加．液相循环速度及循环量均增大,升液管气含率降低;增加液相的进口速度,虽然上升段的液速有所增加,但是降液管循环液速及循环量基本不受影响。最后计算了反应器内液相速度随进口气速的变化情况,并与实际测量值进行了比较,模拟值和测氨值都表明随着进口气速的增加,液相循环速度随着进口气速的增加而增加．两者呈现良好的一致性。     

气升式环流反应器数值模拟研究进展

介绍了计算流体力学在气升式环流反应器(二相、三相)中的应用,汇总并介绍了气升式环流反应器的气含率和循环液速的二维与三维数值模拟结果,提出今后进一步的研究方向。     

气升式环流反应器的研究进展

环流反应器在工业上正得到越来越广泛的应用,对其进行深入研究对于此类反应器的设计与放大具有重要意义。对环流反应器的流动、混合及传质特性参数随表观气速、液相物性、系统压力和反应器尺寸等操作条件的变化关系进行了综述。介绍了各特性参数的测量方法,并指出了这些方法的优缺点及可能存在的误差。对环流反应器的流动、混合及传质特性的数学模型进行了评述,并在此基础上对环流反应器研究的发展前景进行了展望。     

气升式环流反应器研究与应用进展

综述了气升式反应器性能的主要影响因素研究及其最新的应用，提出今后研究工作的主攻方向，并介绍了最近超声气升式反应器及光气升式反应器的研究结果。     

气升式内环流反应器的气含率研究

建立了气升式内环流反应器的冷模实验装置,以空气-水两相系统为研究对象,采用压差法测定了反应器降流区的气含率和升流区气含率,采用体积膨胀法测定了反应器总体平均气含率.通过改变导流筒直径、高度及底部封头形状,考察了结构参数对气含率的影响;通过改变通气量和上清液高度考察了操作参数对气含率的影响.建立了气含率的数学模型,并将试验数据拟合,得到不同结构反应器的模型参数.     

稀土元素对水母雪莲细胞生长及黄酮类化合物合成的影响

研究了稀土元素钕(Nd3+)、铈(Ce3+)、镧(La3+)和混合稀土(MRE)对摇瓶液体培养的水母雪莲细胞生长及黄酮类化合物合成的影响. 发现Ce3+和La3+及混合稀土可促进雪莲细胞的生长及黄酮类化合物的合成,其中以Ce3+效果最佳. 当初始浓度为0.025 mmol/L的Ce3+添加到改良的MS培养基中时,细胞生物量和黄酮类化合物产量最高,分别可达17.7 g/L及942 mg/L,分别是不添加稀土元素的对照实验的134.4%和166.7%;同时发现在培养基中不含外源激素6-BA的条件下,合适浓度的Ce3+可替代6-BA对雪莲细胞生长及黄酮类化合物合成的促进作用,而在培养基中不含NAA时,Ce3+不能替代NAA对雪莲细胞生长及黄酮类化合物合成的促进作用.     

水母雪莲愈伤组织超低温保存条件的初探

初步研究了水母雪莲愈伤组织的超低温保存方法. 结果表明，预培养、保护剂、预处理、冰冻后处理对愈伤组织存活率都有一定影响. 水母雪莲愈伤组织预培养基为添加5%二甲基亚砜的MS培养基，优化的冰冻保护剂是15%二甲基亚砜+15%乙二醇+30%甘油的0.4 mol/L蔗糖液，冰冻保护剂的预处理温度是15℃，时间为10 min，解冻温度25~35℃；在25℃水浴中用含1.2 mol/L蔗糖的MS溶液反复洗3次，每次10 min. 用TTC法测定细胞存活率可达58.5%.     

Three Pairs of Novel Enantiomeric 8-O-4′ Type Neolignans from Saussurea medusa and Their Anti-inflammatory Effects In Vitro

Three pairs of novel enantiomeric 8-O-4′ type neolignans (1a/1b–3a/3b), together with seven known analogues (4–10), were isolated from the whole plants of Saussurea medusa. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analysis and electric circular dichroism (ECD) calculations after chiral separations. All compounds were obtained from S. medusa for the first time, and compounds 1–3 and 5–10 had never been obtained from the genus Saussurea previously. The anti-inflammatory activities of the compounds were evaluated by determining their inhibitory activities on the production of NO and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds (+)-1a, (−)-1b and 5–7 inhibited NO production and had IC₅₀ values ranging from 14.3 ± 1.6 to 41.4 ± 3.1 μM. Compound 7 induced a dose-dependent reduction in the expression of iNOS in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Molecular docking experiments showed that all active compounds exhibited excellent docking scores (<−7.0 kcal/mol) with iNOS. Therefore, compounds (+)-1a, (−)-1b and 5–7 isolated from the whole plants of S. medusa may have therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases.     

霍山石斛类原球茎在气升式反应器中补料培养合成多糖

在10 L气升式反应器中进行了霍山石斛类原球茎悬浮培养. 研究了接种量、通气量、碳、磷等营养成分对霍山石斛类原球茎生长和多糖合成的影响. 在接种量为100 g/L(鲜重)、通气量为0.5 L/min时,30 g/L的蔗糖、2.5 mmol/L的磷酸盐有利于类原球茎生长,而0.312 mmol/L的磷酸盐有利于多糖积累. 根据霍山石斛类原球茎生长和多糖积累的动力学特性,提出了两步培养方式,采用补料策略,确定了最佳补料时间. 结果表明,采用两步培养,生物量达46.7 g/L(干重),是一步培养的1.5倍,多糖产率达8.15 g/L,是一步培养的2.6倍.     

光温条件对新疆雪莲愈伤组织反应器培养后再分化能力的影响

研究了光质、光周期、昼夜温差和低温处理时间对反应器大规模培养后的新疆雪莲愈伤组织再分化能力的影响. 实验结果表明,长波长光更有利于愈伤组织的再分化. 光照时间显著影响愈伤组织的再分化能力,光照时间为16 h/d时愈伤组织的分化频率和平均出芽数达到最大,分别为76.7%和1.8个/块. 昼夜温差与愈伤组织的再分化能力呈显著负相关. 与水母雪莲不同,低温处理并不利于新疆雪莲愈伤组织的再分化. 新疆雪莲愈伤组织的再分化能力与同工酶的种类和活性密切相关.     

Influence of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Suspension Viscosity on Membrane Fouling in Submerged Membrane Bioreactor

Abstract

This paper deals with the membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR). Based on the experimental data obtained in the MBR pilot plant study, the influence of F/M ratio on the irreversible and reversible fouling was discussed in the wide range of MLSS concentration. In the case of lower MLSS concentration (2,000–3,000 mg/L), irreversible fouling rate of membrane increased with increasing F/M ratio because of the accumulation of DOC in the mixed liquor. It seems that soluble microbial products with the similar size of the membrane pore will be most responsible for the irreversible fouling. In the case of higher MLSS concentration (8,000–12,000 mg/L), reversible fouling rate of membrane increased with increasing F/M ratio because of the increased suspension viscosity caused by the increased activated sludge size or volume even in the same MLSS concentration.     

Effect of Pharmaceuticals on the Performance of a Novel Osmotic Membrane Bioreactor (OMBR)

The integration of forward osmosis (FO) and biological process, known as the osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR), may be viewed as beyond the state of the art for used water treatment and water reclamation. While it is known that the OMBR is able to produce good product water quality in terms of total organic carbon (TOC) removal, limited information is available on the removal of organic micro-pollutants in relation to process performance under the concentrated environment. In this study, a novel OMBR system was continuously operated over 73 days, during which pharmaceuticals were dosed on two occasions into the system. It was found that while pharmaceutical removal was high (>96%), other process parameters in the form of TOC, mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were unmistakably affected. The major portion of TOC that permeated the FO membrane was found to be low-molecular weight neutral compounds which were associated with the impaired biological process. Microbiological analysis confirmed shifts in microbial populations occurred due to the increased salinity and dosage of the pharmaceuticals. The study demonstrated the importance of the biological process for optimal OMBR system performance, and paves the way for further research in this direction.     

超市废水的膜生物反应器中污泥特性之变化

在以处理超市废水实际工程的基础上,通过对污泥性质中的胞外聚合物（EPS）、溶解性微生物产物（SMP）、污泥粒径分布（PSD）变化的分析,得出污泥性质在接种膜生物反应器（MBR）后发生了明显的变化。对SMP的荧光分析发现,芳香族蛋白质类物质的量随着运行时间的增加有减小的趋势,而色氨酸类蛋白质类物质的量则相反。同时,发现EPS中荧光峰发生了显著的位移,说明了EPS性质发生了变化;通过对污泥的红外分析,发现污泥主要以糖类、蛋白质和脂肪族类物质为主,而随着时间的变化,污泥中的代表羟基基团的峰强度发生了明显的变化,说明污泥性质发生了变化;此外,通过PSD分析发现,污泥粒径中大粒径颗粒（大于100μm）是逐渐减小的,而小粒径颗粒（10μm）逐渐增多。     

Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on Sludge Properties,Cake Layer Structure,and Membrane Fouling in a Thermophilic Submerged Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor

Sludge properties, cake layer structure, and membrane fouling in a membrane bioreactor were studied under various hydraulic retention times (HRT). A decrease in HRT resulted in an increase in extracellular polymeric substance production in bulk sludge and changes in cake layer structure from gel layer to one or two cake layers. Particle size distribution in cake sludge changed with respect to HRT. An evolution in cake layer thickness and porosity was observed with trans-membrane pressure (TMP) jump. The change in cake layer structure might bear more responsibility for the TMP jump than the quantity of cake layer.     

Influence of Culture Period on Osteoblast Differentiation of Tissue-Engineered Bone Constructed by Apatite-Fiber Scaffolds Using Radial-Flow Bioreactor

With the limitation of autografts, the development of alternative treatments for bone diseases to alleviate autograft-related complications is highly demanded. In this study, a tissue-engineered bone was formed by culturing rat bone marrow cells (RBMCs) onto porous apatite-fiber scaffolds (AFSs) with three-dimensional (3D) interconnected pores using a radial-flow bioreactor (RFB). Using the optimized flow rate, the effect of different culturing periods on the development of tissue-engineered bone was investigated. The 3D cell culture using RFB was performed for 0, 1 or 2 weeks in a standard medium followed by 0, 1 or 2 weeks in a differentiation medium. Osteoblast differentiation in the tissue-engineered bone was examined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) assays. Furthermore, the tissue-engineered bone was histologically examined by hematoxylin and eosin and alizarin red S stains. We found that the ALP activity and OC content of calcified cells tended to increase with the culture period, and the differentiation of tissue-engineered bone could be controlled by varying the culture period. In addition, the employment of RFB and AFSs provided a favorable 3D environment for cell growth and differentiation. Overall, these results provide valuable insights into the design of tissue-engineered bone for clinical applications.