糖醛和水逆流萃取分离的研究

选择三氯乙烯为糖醛和水萃取分离的溶剂,采用逆流萃取法进行模拟计算,并进行萃取试验,为进一步逆流萃取中试试验提供了可行性依据。     

糖醛深加工初探

本文从糖醛可以发生氧化，氢化，脱羰，缩合等化学反应生成多种物质，说明糖醛深加工是研究开拓糖醛应用领域的有效途径。     

木糖生产工艺中糖醛的测定

本文通过对糖醛测定方法及其对测定条件的试验，选择了用分光光度法测定木糖生产工艺中糖醛方法，并确定了最佳测定条件。     

发展新疆糠醛生产之我见

糖醛是一种重要的化工原料之一，新疆作为玉米生产的大省，可为糖醛生产提供充足的原料，为了新疆石油化工的发展在新疆建立糖醛生产企业是十分必要的。     

搅拌水解对糖醛收率的影响

通过两种生产的对比实验，证明采用搅拌水解新工艺，可以强化水解过程，减少糖醛在高温下产生分解反应；可以更新物料表面层，减少醛汽同酸性介质的接触，减少糖醛的树脂从，从而提高玉米芯水解制取糖醛的收率。     

中国的传统出口化工品——糖醛

糖醛是我国重要的出口化工商品，在国际市场上长期稳定地占有较大份额。生产原料充足，工艺相对简单、换汇成本低、市场需求平稳，深受生产者和经销商的青睐。要继续糖醛工业的好的收益，关键是保持供需平衡，开发多元市场和加强行业的内部协调。     

从制药废水中回收苯乙酸

采取溶剂萃取法从制药废水中回收苯乙酸。实验考察了不同萃取剂的萃取效果，及萃取温度、萃取剂及其用量对萃取效果的影响。适宜的萃取剂为MIBK，萃取温度为70℃，萃取时间为15min。苯乙酸适宜的结晶温度为低于15℃，pH值为2．0-3．0。筛选出活性炭作脱色剂进行脱色，在每1000mL釜残液中添加15g活性炭脱色效果最好。此工艺条件下回收的苯乙酸收率〉90％，纯度〉99％，产品质量良好，可以用于医药行业如青霉素G的生产。     

微波辅助萃取油页岩工艺条件的研究

以CS2-NMP为溶剂,在微波辅助的条件下对依兰油页岩进行了萃取,采取了四因素、四水平的正交实验,并对正交实验的结果进行了分析。实验结果表明,微波萃取的最佳工艺条件为粒度0．119mm、溶剂量55ml（矿样5±0．25％）、时间15min、功率600W;萃取率可以达到10．9％;各因素对萃取率影响关系为溶剂量〉粒度〉功率〉时间,并且粒度、溶剂量和功率对萃取率均有显著影响。     

超临界流体结晶分离黄芩苷的工艺研究

采用超临界流体结晶法进行了黄芩苷的结晶纯化研究。重点研究了温度、压力、时间对结晶纯度的影响。正交实验结果表明：影响萃取的主次因素为：A（温度）〉C（时间）〉B（压力）；较佳工艺参数：温度为55％，压力为16MPa，萃取60min，获得黄芩苷的纯度高达94．1％。     

表面活性剂在润滑油糖醛精剂中应用的试验研究

在润滑油糖醛精制过程中，通过添加表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠作为破乳剂来进行间歇和连续抽提试验，改善了醛油的分散和聚集效果，提高了精制油的收率。     

新型分离法回收制药废液中四氢呋喃

为了从制药废液中回收四氢呋喃 ,研究了萃取精馏技术和加盐萃取精馏技术在分离甲醇 四氢呋喃 水体系中的应用 ,选择了萃取精馏及加盐萃取精馏所用溶剂 ,设计了工艺流程 ,确定了操作条件 ,采用以上技术从废液中回收的四氢呋喃 ,纯度可达到 99.5 % (质量 )     

Extraction of monocarboxylic acids with binary extracting agents based on amines and quaternary ammonium bases

The distribution of monocarboxylic acids is reported for extraction systems with binary extracting agents, namely, amine and quaternary ammonium base (QAB) salts of organic acids with widely varied acid dissociation constants (pK _a 1.5–10). Monocarboxylic acid extractability orders have been obtained for systems with binary extracting agents based on trioctylmethylammonium and trioctylammonium (TOA). The best extractability is shown by acids with long hydrocarbon radicals (butyric and caproic acids). Lactic acid is the least extractable. Extractive power orders have been obtained for QAB- and TOA-based binary extracting agents. For monocarboxylic acid extraction with QAB salts, the extractive power order correlates with the acid dissociation constants of the parent organic acids: trioctylmethylammonium p-tert-butylphenolate ≫ caprylate > dialkylphosphinate > dialkylmonothiophosphinate > dialkylphosphate > dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate > dialkyldithiophosphinate. The extractive power of the QAB-based binary extracting agents is much higher than that of the TOA salts.     

Effect of Solvent Content on the Separation and the Energy Consumption of Extractive Distillation Columns

This article sets out to evaluate the effect of solvent content in the extractive section on the separation efficiency and energy consumption of extractive distillation columns. Contrary to the classical approach, the proposed approach enables a simultaneous evaluation of the effect of the major decision variables (reflux ratio, solvent flow rate, and the number of stages of the extractive section [NSE]). The procedure allows calculating the minimum solvent flow rate for the separation and the minimum specific energy consumption. The results show that the minimum specific energy consumption is obtained for the minimum reflux ratio and not for the minimum solvent flow rate. Moreover, the results show that it is not always the case that a larger NSE results in lower energy consumption. Due to its industrial importance, the dehydration of aqueous mixtures of ethanol using ethylene glycol as solvent has been chosen as a case study.     

加碱萃取精馏制取无水叔丁醇

以乙二醇与KOH的混合物作萃取剂,采用加碱萃取精馏对85%叔丁醇进行分离,得到了纯度为99.5%的叔丁醇产品。设计了工艺流程,确定了操作条件,萃取剂可用减压精馏的方法回收,回收的萃取剂循环使用不影响分离性能。实验结果表明:加碱萃取精馏也是分离叔丁醇-水恒沸体系的有效方法。     

Extractive Desulfurization of Fuel Oils with Dicyano(nitroso)methanide-based Ionic Liquids

The inability of traditional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) to effectively remove aromatic sulfur compounds such as thiophene (TS) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) has called for alternative methods to be studied, among which extractive desulfurization using ionic liquids (ILs) has attracted increasing interest. In this work, we prepared a new IL, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyano(nitroso)methanide ([C₄mim][dcnm]), and investigated its extractive desulfurization for both model oils and real FCC gasoline, where model diesel fuel was composed of n-hexane and droplets of DBT and model gasoline was composed of n-hexane, toluene and droplets of TS. Other three [dcnm]-based ILs, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyano(nitroso)methanide ([C₂min][dcnm]), N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium dicyano(nitroso)methanide ([C₂mpyr][dcnm]), and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium dicyano(nitroso)methanide ([C₄mpyr][dcnm]), were also comparatively investigated. These [dcnm]-based ILs have low viscosity which favors the mass transfer and reduces the extractive equilibrium time, also are fluorine-free which avoids the corrosion by hydrogen fluoride from anion decomposition that occurs generally in fluorine-containing ILs. The desulfurization ability follows the order [C₄min][dcnm] > [C₄mpyr][dcnm] > [C₂min][dcnm] > [C₂mpyr][dcnm]. Typically, [C₄min][dcnm] is capable of removing 66% DBT and 53% TS from their respective model oils after one cycle (initial 500 ppm S, 25°C, 15 min, mass ratio of IL:oil 1:1), and < 10 ppm S-content can be obtained after 4 cycles. It was observed interestingly that the S-content in real FCC gasoline can be reduced from initial 250 ppm to < 30 ppm after 6 cycles using [C₄min][dcnm] as extractive reagent, which is better than some previous results for real feedstocks. Mutual solubility, extractive temperature, IL:oil mass ratio, multiple extraction, initial S-content, and regeneration were also studied. These dcnm-based ILs are competitive extractive reagents compared with some other ILs to remove those aromatic S-compounds from fuel oils.     

萃取精馏分离苯/环己烷共沸体系模拟与优化

以糠醛作为萃取剂分别使用常规萃取精馏、隔壁塔萃取精馏和差压热集成萃取精馏对苯和环己烷体系进行分离研究,使用流程模拟软件Aspen Plus V8.4进行模拟分析,对初步设计的三稳态流程,分别进行灵敏度分析,使用多目标遗传算法对过程进行整体优化以获得最优结构参数。结果表明,隔壁塔萃取精馏和差压热集成萃取精馏相对于常规萃取精馏所需再沸器热负荷可分别减小21.5%和15.7%。对三工艺流程进行经济性分析,发现与常规流程相比,隔壁塔萃取精馏的年总费用下降了6.0%,而差压热集成萃取精馏年总费用增加了50.8%,为萃取精馏分离苯/环己烷共沸体系工业化设计提供了理论依据和设计参考。     

Reactive solvent extraction of amino acids with cationic extractants

A mixture of amino acids (arginine, phenylalanine, alanine, glycine and aspartic acid) in solution was extracted by four acidic extractants (dinonylnaphthalenesulphonic acid (DNNSA), di(2-ethylhexyl)monothiophosphoric acid (D2EHPA(S)), di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and Versatic 10) in toluene. The extractive capacity of the organic phase for the amino acids, using DNNSA, D2EHPA(S) and D2EHPA was found to decrease in the order arginine>phenylalanine>alanine>glycine>aspartic acid, although at low pH values phenylalanine>arginine occurred for D2EHPA(S) and D2EHPA. Separation factors derived for pairs of amino acids were in the range 2·0 (glycine–aspartic acid) to 20·1 (alanine–glycine). The extractive and loading capability of the extractants for the amino acids was found to decrease in the order DNNSA>D2EHPA(S)>D2EHPA>Versatic 10, which follows the reverse order of their respective acid dissociation constants. DNNSA was shown to be a promising extractant for the extraction and fractionation of amino acids. © 1998 SCI     

间歇萃取精馏分离苯-环己烷

利用间歇萃取精馏分离技术,分别以N,N-二甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和二者的混合物作为萃取剂,对苯、环己烷近沸点体系的分离进行了试验研究,考察了操作参数回流比和溶剂流率对分离效果的影响,结果表明:随着回流比和溶剂流率的增加,分离效果增强;三种萃取剂均能对苯和环己烷进行有效的分离,但分离效果不同,其中以DMF∶DMSO=3∶1(质量比)混合物作为萃取剂时效果最好,其次是DMF。试验结果得到的最佳分离条件是:萃取剂为DMF∶DMSO=3∶1混合物,溶剂流率为12.33 mL/min,回流比为4,其产品中环己烷摩尔分数可达86.98%以上,环己烷收率可达83.10%。     

萃取精馏法分离焦化苯中微量正庚烷的精馏塔计算

根据基础数据研究,提出以DMF为溶剂从焦化苯中分离微量正庚烷的萃取精馏法,采用三对角矩阵-2N Newton-Raphson联合法对萃取精馏塔进行了模拟计算,通过优化计算得到萃取精馏塔、正庚烷回收塔及苯回收塔的操作条件,为分离焦化苯中微量正庚烷流程的建立提供依据。     

Preparation of cobalt(II) salts by extractive conversion

The possibility of preparing cobalt(II) salts from cobalt chloride solutions via extractive conversion has been demonstrated. Di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric, caprylic, and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpenthyl)phosphonic acids and trioctylamine have been tested as extractive agents. The results of large-scale laboratory tests of techniques for the extractive conversion of cobalt chloride into cobalt sulfate are provided.