变形参数对TA32合金的超塑性变形行为及微观组织演化的影响

针对我国自主研制的TA32高温钛合金,开展了在变形温度为895-935℃和应变速率为8.3×10_-4-1.32×10-2 s_-1条件下的高温拉伸变形试验研究,利用电子背散射技术(EBSD)表征了不同变形条件下的晶粒形貌、晶粒取向和分布规律。结果表明：TA32合金具有良好的超塑性变形能力,最大断裂延伸率能达到1141.8%。在高温和低应变速率条件下,晶粒的长大容易造成在变形后期真实应力出现上升现象。真实应力和断裂延伸率对变形温度、变形程度和应变速率均是敏感的,动态再结晶容易在高温或低应变速率条件下发生。动态再结晶程度随着变形温度的升高、应变速率的降低和变形程度的增大而增大,变形后的织构接近随机取向织构,原始晶粒得到等轴化,提高了晶粒尺寸的均匀性。在变形过程中,不连续动态再接晶是主要的动态再结晶机制,随着变形温度的升高、应变速率的降低和变形程度的增大,不连续动态再结晶的作用在增强,连续动态再结晶的作用则是在减弱。     

变形态Mg-Nd合金的组织转变和拉伸性能特征

研究不同变形条件对Mg-2.2Nd-0.5Zn-0.5Zr合金室温拉伸性能和组织的影响.经过不同条件的热挤压变形后,该合金的强度和延性都有不同程度的增加,屈强比从0.58提高到0.87左右.固定变形温度时,强度随变形速率增大而降低,延性反之.固定变形速率时,升高变形温度则强度降低,延性增加.弥散于晶界的Mg9Nd化合物细化了晶粒.变形态Mg-Nd合金的高温超塑拉伸研究发现,375℃是该合金的最佳超塑变形温度,应变速率在1×10-2s-1时,延伸率达到329%;当变形速率提高到2×10-2s-1时,该合金的延伸率仍可达到213%.分析不同真应变下的组织发现,在变形初期发生动态再结晶,晶粒得到破碎而变得细小,随着变形程度的增加,晶粒长大程度较小.在变形后的断口形貌中发现,Mg-Nd合金的超塑变形机制为晶界滑移控制下的孔洞连接协调机制.     

汽车用6005A-T6铝合金动态力学性能研究

通过对6005A-T6铝合金进行准静态拉伸试验和动态拉伸试验,研究了应变速率对6005A-T6铝合金准静态和动态力学性能及断裂行为的影响。结果表明:6005A-T6铝合金的强度随着应变速率提高而增大,当拉伸应变速率达到200s-1时,抗拉强度、屈服强度分别较准静态拉伸提高30MPa、25MPa,其中以准静态到应变速率10 s-1的过程中,材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度上升最为明显;试样应变速率与流变应力的关系符合Johnson-Cook本构模型,其拟合得到的本构方程为σ=(220.56+298.85ε~(0.506))(1+0.0209ln■)。6005A-T6铝合金塑性随着应变速率的增大而逐渐增大,当应变速率达到200s-1时塑性反而下降。在高速拉伸变形状态下,位错密度的增加和滑移带的增多是导致高速状态下强度及延伸率提高的主要原因;当应变速率达到200s-1时由于拉伸速率过快,晶粒来不及进行大量变形是断后延伸率反而降低的主要原因。     

宝钛股份2006年生产经营状况及2007年发展

研究了Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo合金在900～1020 ℃,3.3×10-4～3.3×10-2 s-1条件下进行的超塑性拉伸性能结果表明:除温度900 ℃,应变速率3.3×10-2 s-1外,合金都显示出超塑性,延伸率范围为105%～1570%,最佳变形温度为980 ℃,最佳应变速率为3.3×10-4 s-1,在此条件下拉伸时,延伸率达到最大值1570%.应变速率对Ti-24Al-15Nb-1.5Mo合金的组织演化有显著影响.在较高应变速率下变形,α2相尺寸先随温度升高至940 ℃有所减小,之后则随温度的升高有所粗化;而在较低的应变速率下变形,α2相呈粗化且不均匀的趋势,高的延伸率与大晶粒周围镶嵌许多小颗粒能有效协调变形.     

TA15钛合金的热变形微观组织与织构

采用X线衍射仪和EBSD分析研究近α型TA15钛合金在不同工艺参数下的热压缩变形组织和织构演变规律。结果表明:TA15合金热变形后淬火组织中存在针状马氏体α′相;晶粒在(101)和(002)滑移面上的滑移率先达到临界分切应力,发生塑性变形,使组织细化,并最终导致变形组织的择优取向;在小应变速率(0.01 s-1)和低变形温度(950℃)条件下,动态再结晶分数较高,产生较强的再结晶织构;随着变形温度和应变速率的升高,材料晶粒取向性减弱。     

Cu-Al合金的晶粒取向特征及Schmid因子分布

对Cu-Al合金进行高温等温压缩试验,热压缩应变速率为1 s-1、热变形温度500～800℃;利用EBSD技术分析了该合金不同区域的高温变形及组织特征。结果表明:在600℃时织构的极密度最大,存在宏区现象,整体织构分布散乱,晶粒取向随机。变形较大的晶粒与再结晶晶粒的Schmid因子大于变形较小的晶粒的Schmid因子。     

冷旋锻变形对TB9钛合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响

采用冷旋锻对TB9钛合金棒材进行多道次冷变形,利用OM、EBSD、XRD、TEM以及拉伸等实验研究了不同冷变形量TB9钛合金棒材的显微组织、织构和拉伸性能及其规律。结果表明,TB9钛合金棒材的晶粒尺寸随冷旋锻变形量的增大而减小,部分晶粒尺寸达到纳米级。同时,晶粒随变形量的增加沿旋锻轴向转动,形成择优取向,由初始{001}110和{001}100织构转变为110取向的α-fiber和γ-fiber{001}110、{112}110和{111}110织构。在亚结构、小尺寸晶粒以及织构的共同作用下,TB9钛合金的强度随变形量的增大而增加,延伸率和面缩率在70%冷变形后仍保持在一个较高的水平,具有优异的冷变形能力。     

拉伸条件对Al—Li—Cu—Mg—Zr合金超塑变形行为的影响

研究了拉伸条件对温轧态Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr合金超塑变形行为的影响.结果表明:该合金在变形初期发生了界面取向差逐渐增大,从亚晶组织向再结晶组织变化的形变促使连续再结晶过程;应变速率越高,再结晶速度越快,再结晶晶粒越细;经高应变速率的第一阶段拉伸变形后,形成的细晶组织具有高的应变速率敏感性,同时在低应变速率的第二阶段拉伸变形中发生晶粒长大而具有高的应变硬化效果,两者的综合作用是两段速率拉伸获得高延伸率的根本原因。     

汽车用6005A-T6铝合金动态性能研究

通过对6005A-T6铝合金进行准静态拉伸试验和动态拉伸试验,研究了应变速率对6005A-T6铝合金准静态和动态力学性能及断裂行为的影响。6005A-T6铝合金的强度随着应变速率提高而增大,应变速率200/s拉伸的抗拉强度、屈服强度分别较准静态拉伸提升30MPa、25MPa,其中以准静态到应变速率10/s的过程中,材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度上升最为明显;6005A-T6铝合金塑性随着应变速率的增大而逐渐增大,当应变速率达到200/s时塑性反而下降。在高速拉伸变形状态下,位错密度的增加和滑移带的增多是导致高速状态下强度及延伸率提高的主要原因;当应变速率达到200/s时由于拉伸速率过快,晶粒来不及进行大量变形是断后延伸率反而降低的主要原因。     

新型高强铝合金高温平面压缩与退火微观组织和织构

采用热力模拟平面压缩实验和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)组织分析测试方法,研究了新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金热压缩变形以及退火微观组织和织构。结果表明,在变形温度为350℃,应变速率为0.1 s~(-1)的条件下,合金微观组织演变机理为动态回复和大应变几何动态再结晶,出现旋转立方织构{001}110和黄铜织构{111}110,分别沿着α-取向线和β-取向线分布;退火后旋转立方织构减少,黄铜织构增多,旋转立方织构沿着α-取向线向黄铜织构转变。在变形温度为420℃,应变速率为0.1 s~(-1)的条件下,合金变形组织较均匀,再结晶晶粒分布在变形剧烈的晶界或三角晶界处,出现的织构种类主要有旋转立方织构{110}110、黄铜型{011}211织构;退火过程中发生亚动态再结晶,旋转立方织构强度增强,黄铜型{011}211织构有向高斯织构方向移动的趋势。     

Effects of strain rate and temperature on microstructure and texture for AZ31 during uniaxial compression

In order to investigate the effects of strain rate and temperature on the microstructure and texture evolution during warm deformation of wrought Mg alloy,AZ31 extruded rods were cut into cylinder samples with the dimension of d8 mm×12 mm.The samples were compressed using a Gleeble 1500D thermo-mechanical simulation machine at various strain rates(0.001,0.01,0.1,1 and 5 s- 1)and various temperatures(300,350,400 and 450℃).The microstructure and texture of the compressed samples at the same strain under different deformation conditions were studied and compared by electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)in scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results show that the size of recrystallized grains in the deformed samples generally increases with the decrease of strain rate and the increase of temperature.After 50%reduction,most basal planes are aligned perpendicular to the compression direction at relatively high strain rate(0.01 s- 1)or low temperature(350℃).The optimized strain rate is 0.1 s- 1for uniaxial compression at 300℃,which produces about 80%of small grains(5μm).     

Dynamic tensile behaviors of AZ31B magnesium alloy processed by twin-roll casting and sequential hot rolling

The dynamic tensile behavior of twin-roll cast-rolled and hot-rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy was characterized over strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 375 s⁻¹ at room temperature using an elaborate dynamic tensile testing method, and the relationship between its mechanical properties and microstructures. It is observed that the sheet has a strong initial basal fiber texture and mechanical twinning becomes prevalent to accommodate the high-rate deformation. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength monotonically increase with increasing the strain rate, while the strain hardening exponent proportionally decreases with increasing the strain rate due to twinning-induced softening. The total elongation at fracture distinctly decreases as the strain rate increases under quasi-static tension, while the effect of strain rate on the total elongation is not distinct under dynamic tension. Fractographic analysis using a scanning electron microscope reveals that the fracture is a mixed mode of ductile and brittle fracture.     

超细晶Inconel 718合金激光对接板的高温拉伸性能(英文)

为使Inconel 718合金的筒形多层夹芯结构顺利成形,研究该合金激光对接板的高温塑性。结果表明,拉伸方向对激光对接板的伸长率有很大影响。横向拉伸时,在温度为950°C和应变率为3.1×10-4s-1的条件下,最大伸长率为458.56%,此时m值为0.352,焊缝未变形。纵向拉伸时,在温度为965°C和应变速率为6.2×10-4s-1的条件下,最大延长率为178.96%,此时m值为0.261,焊缝随母材同时变形,焊缝的微观组织为树枝晶,晶间析出了Nb含量较高的Laves相。纵向拉伸时,由于动态再结晶的缘故,焊缝中出现了由树枝晶和等轴晶组成的混合组织。高温变形后,焊缝中的大量Laves相转化为δ相,但焊缝中仍有小部分残余的Laves相存在。多层夹芯筒结构成形的结果表明,激光对焊板的高温塑性能满足其筒形夹芯结构的要求。     

Deformation Mechanism in Fe_(61)Mn_(18)Si_(11)Cr_(10) Medium Entropy Alloy Under Different Strain Rates

We introduce a non-equiatomic Fe_(61)Mn_(18)Si_(11)Cr_(10) medium entropy alloy designed by subjecting it to transformation-induced plasticity upon deformation at room temperature. Microstructure characterization carried out using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) shows a homogeneous solid solution FCC + BCC structured dual phase. Investigations on the deformation substructures at specific strain levels via EBSD reveal the deformation-induced transformations of γ→α′ and γ→ ?. The strengths, particularly yield strength, of the designed alloy are found to be higher than these of the well-studied five component FeMnNiCoCr system for the introduction of the hard phase( α′-martensite). When tensile tests are performed at different strain rates of 10~(–4)s~(-1), 10~(–3)s~(-1), 10~(–2)s~(-1), the tested material exhibits a slightly negative strain rate sensitivity and work hardening rate sensitivity.     

Cryorolling-Induced Texture,Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behavior of Al-Mg-Si Alloys During Cold Deformation

This study investigated the texture, mechanical properties, and fracture behavior during cold working of cryorolled (CR) Al-Mg-Si alloys. An x-ray texture goniometer was used to examine the crystallographic texture, and tensile tests were performed to understand the deformation behavior in more detail. SEM/EBSD/TEM was used to observe the microstructures and fracture morphology of the alloy during cryorolling. The microstructures indicated that a large number of ultrafine grains and dislocations formed after cryorolled. The recrystallization was prohibited due to low temperature during deformation. The ultrafine grains and dislocation strength improved the tensile strength from 279.38 MPa for the room-rolled alloy to 313.98 MPa for the cryorolled alloy; better plasticity (4.6%) was observed in the CR sheet. Ductile and intergranular fractures were observed in the CR sheet deformation from 20 to 90%.     

90W-7Ni-3Fe合金拉伸力学行为的应变率效应

采用CMT4105拉伸试验机对烧结态90W-7Ni-3Fe(90W)合金进行准静态拉伸试验;在较高应变率条件(1600~2000s-1)下,采用套筒加载直拉式Hopkinson拉杆对90W合金进行动态拉伸试验,研究90W合金在不同加载应变率下的拉伸性能及破坏机制。结果表明,在拉伸加载条件下,90W合金具有明显的应变率效应,随着应变率的增加,强度显著提高,材料断裂时的真实应变下降,断裂前吸收的总能量下降。90W合金的破坏机制由钨-钨界面开裂向钨颗粒解理断裂转变。     

不同热处理温度下薄壁纯铜管的Goss织构演变规律

采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)及拉伸试验等方法研究薄壁铜管在热处理过程中显微组织、织构及力学性能的演变规律.结果表明:初始拉拔态铜管组织中以Copper和Y型织构为主,随着温度升高逐渐转变为强烈的Goss型织构.通过高分辨显微组织表征手段可以发现,具有Goss取向的再结晶晶粒分别以不同的机制在Copper取向和Y取向变...     

Effects of strain rate on mechanical properties,microstructure and texture of Al—Mg—Si—Cu alloy under tensile loading

The effects of strain rate on the mechanical properties, microstructure and texture of Al—Mg—Si—Cu alloy were investigated through tensile test, microstructure and texture characterization. The results show that strain rate has some influences on the mechanical properties and microstructure, but a slight influence on the texture. Overall, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation increase first, then remain unchanged, and finally increase with increasing strain rate. Independent of strain rate, microstructure in the vicinities of the fracture regions of all the specimens is composed of the slightly elongated grains. However, some differences in misorientation angle distributions can be observed. As strain rate increases, the low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) increase first, and then decrease. Textures in the vicinities of the fracture regions are almost identical with increasing strain rate.