干巴菌中部分重金属元素及无机砷、 甲基汞含量分析

目的检测干巴菌中5种重金属总砷、总汞、铅、镉、铬及无机砷和甲基汞的含量,探讨干巴菌对重金属的生物富集作用。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测总砷、总汞、铅、镉含量,采用液相原子荧光光度计联用检测无机砷、甲基汞的含量。结果 31份干巴菌样品中总砷、总汞、铅、镉的检出率均为100%,无机砷的检出率为50%,甲基汞在全部样品中均未检出。昆明的干巴菌样品中砷含量较高,达0.46 mg/kg;曲靖的干巴菌中铅含量有0.9997 mg/kg;镉含量较高,为0.46 mg/kg。结论总体来看不同地区的干巴菌中总砷、总汞、镉、铬、无机砷和甲基汞的含量处于较低水平,但铅含量偏高。干巴菌对重金属没有特异性吸收富集能力。     

块菌中多种重金属及不同形态砷、汞含量分析

目的测定块菌中4种重金属(砷、铅、汞、镉)及无机砷、有机汞含量并进行分析评价。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)检测块菌种总砷、总汞、铅、镉含量,采用液相-原子荧光光谱联用法(liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry, LC-AFS)检测块菌中无机砷、有机汞含量。结果块菌中无机砷和有机汞含量极低,但铅、镉含量较高。铅的含量为0.8282 mg/kg,镉的含量为0.4040 mg/kg。结论块菌作为一种完全生长在地下的大型真菌,具有较高的重金属吸附富集能力,应加强对此类野生菌的重金属污染物监测。     

杭州市近江市场食用贝类中重金属含量调查及评价

调查了杭州市主要贝类市场--近江市场食用贝类中重金属铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、汞(Hg)和砷(As)的含量,并采用<农产品安全质量无公害水产品安全要求>(GB18406.4-2001)及我国食品相关重金属限量标准对检验结果进行评价.检测结果显示:杭州市近江市场所售食用贝类中铅含量0.048～0.596 mg/kg,均值0.184mg/kg;镉含量0.11~2.17 mg/kg,均值1.24 mg/kg;铜含量1.01~43.4 mg/kg,均值10.4 mg/kg;汞含量0.010～0.031mg/kg,均值O.018mg/kg;无机砷含量O.11-O.84mg/kg,均值0.42mg/kg.评价结果表明,杭州市近江市场上食用贝类中Cu、Hg、As含量均低于GB18406.4-2001的限量标准,但Pb和Cd超标,尤其是Cd超标严重.其中,铅超标率20%.Cd超标率为1OO%.说明该市场所售贝类产品存在食用风险,应予以重视.     

芦蒿中铅、铬、汞、砷的含量分析与安全评价

采集南京市17个农贸市场、6个超市的芦蒿样品共37个,用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法测定芦蒿中铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)的含量。结果表明:芦蒿中铅含量为0.35±0.10mg/kg,铬含量为0.22±0.10mg/kg,汞含量为0.01mg/kg,砷含量未检出。对照国家食品卫生标准,97.3%的芦蒿样品中铅含量超出食品中铅限量卫生标准,芦蒿样品中铬、汞、砷含量在限量卫生标准以内,芦蒿中铅的来源可能是产地环境质量的原因。     

南通地区干条斑紫菜中砷、铝、铅、镉的 污染情况研究

目的分析南通3个条斑紫菜主产区的干条斑紫菜中砷、铝、铅、镉4种金属元素污染情况。方法对南通3个地区共计170批次干条斑紫菜进行采样,参照国标GB 5009.11-2014、GB 5009.182-2017、GB5009.12-2017、GB 5009.15-2014分别对无机砷、铝、铅、镉4种金属污染物进行分析。结果南通地区干条斑紫菜无机砷含量范围为ND~0.303 mg/kg,平均含量是0.147 mg/kg;铅含量范围为ND~0.208 mg/kg,平均含量为0.025 mg/kg;镉的含量范围为0.108~3.11 mg/kg,平均含量为1.50 mg/kg;铝含量范围为66~511 mg/kg,平均含量为122 mg/kg。结论该地区干条斑紫菜中铅和无机砷含量处于较低水平,无污染风险。铝和镉含量较高,应引起相关部门的注意。不同采样地区间干条斑紫菜4种污染物含量无显著性差异。同时,建议尽快建立检测紫菜中多种形态铝和镉的标准方法。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法快速测定烟用接装纸中砷、铅、镉、铬、镍、汞的研究

建立了电感耦合等离子体质潜法测定烟用接装纸中砷、铅、镉、铬、镍、汞含量的方法,并采用该方法测定了25个接装纸样品中的砷、铅、镉、铬、镍、汞含量.结果表明:①砷、铅、镉、铬、镍、汞的平均回收率在97.9%～101.6%之间;日内重复性变异系数<2%,日间重复性变异系数<5%;检出限分别为0.001 mg/kg,0.002 mg/kg,0.008 mg/kg,0.004 mg/kg,0.007 mg/kg,0.016 mg/kg.②所测25个接装纸样品中,7个样品超过砷的限量标准1 mg/kg,2个样品超过铅的限量标准5 mg/kg,镉、铬、镍、汞的含量全部低于其限量标准.     

重庆市水发蹄筋的质量评价

目的对重庆市水发蹄筋进行质量评价。方法采用滴定法、比色法、高效液相色谱法、原子吸收法、原子荧光法测定水发蹄筋的pH、过氧化氢、挥发性盐基氮、生物胺及有害元素的理化指标。结果 31份样品的pH值范围为6.77~10.86;均未检测出过氧化氢;TVB-N值范围为0~15.05 mg/100 g,合格率为96.8%;生物胺主要为腐胺和尸胺,腐胺含量为1.23~35.28 mg/kg,尸胺含量为0.55~1.71 mg/kg,腐胺与TVB-N值的变化存在很好的正相关;总砷、无机砷、铅含量范围分别是0~2.05、0~0.23、0~0.11 mg/kg,合格率分别为67.7%、51.6%和100.0%;镉和总汞均未检出。结论重庆地区销售的水发蹄筋总体质量较好,但有必要对pH偏高、总砷、无机砷含量问题予以重视。     

2014年陕西省市售食品中重金属污染调查及评价

目的对陕西省6类食品中铅、镉、汞、砷的含量进行检测,并对其污染状况做出综合评价,从而为陕西省开展食品安全评估和采取针对性的控制措施提供科学依据。方法在陕西省境内10个地市的大型农贸市场、批发市场和超市,采集粮食562份、蔬菜340份、水果174份、肉类228份、蛋类144份和奶类108份,6类食品共1 556份。利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)的含量,应用GB/T 5009.11—2003《食品中总砷及无机砷的测定》中氢化物原子荧光法测定砷(As)的含量,利用测汞仪直接测定汞(Hg)的含量,采用单项污染指数及综合污染指数对不同类食品中铅、镉、汞、砷的污染状况做出评价,并对陕西省居民经此6类食品摄入铅、镉、汞、砷的人体健康风险进行描述。结果陕西省6类食品中,铅、汞含量均值最高的都是肉类,分别为0.049 0和0.003 3 mg/kg,镉、砷含量均值最高的是粮食类,含量均值均为0.025 0 mg/kg;利用单项污染指数和综合污染指数对6类食品中铅、镉、汞、砷含量进行评价,均可评价为安全、清洁;由6类食品摄入铅、镉、汞、砷的安全限值(MOS)1。结论陕西省6类食品不同程度的受到了铅、镉、汞、砷的污染,但总体污染程度较低,铅、镉、汞、砷对食品安全影响的风险较低。     

浙江沿海水产品无机砷和汞含量调查及膳食风险评估

根据2016年对浙江省沿海城市及部分海域的4类生鲜水产品(贝类、甲壳类、头足类和鱼类)中无机砷和汞的含量与分布监测数据,对其含量水平、分布与变化特征进行了分析讨论。采用单因子污染指数法评价水产品中无机砷和汞的污染程度,通过计算膳食暴露量风险商(hazard quotient,HQ),进行食用安全性风险评估。结果表明,无机砷的检出率为25. 1%,有检出的样品中贝类占88. 7%,海捕虾、鱿鱼、甲鱼及鱼类(包括黄姑鱼、黑鲷、大黄鱼、石斑鱼、鲈鱼)无机砷均未检出。青蛤的检出率最高,为65. 6%,但无超标样品。缢蛏体内的无机砷含量均值最高,超标率为3. 7%。汞的检出率为100%,鱼类(包括黄姑鱼、黑鲷、大黄鱼、石斑鱼)中汞含量高于其他3类;贝类中泥蚶的汞含量最高,均值为0. 03 mg/kg;甲壳类青蟹的汞含量最高,均值为0. 04 mg/kg;头足类中乌贼的汞含量最高,均值为0. 03 mg/kg。4类生鲜水产品中汞含量远远低于限定值。比较贝类中无机砷和汞含量发现,无机砷含量要远远高于汞。汞含量在种间差异不显著(p 0. 05),无机砷含量在种间差异显著(p 0. 05),缢蛏中无机砷含量最高。污染程度评价和膳食暴露量风险评估结果为:缢蛏和泥蚶体内的无机砷处于轻污染水平,其他均为未污染水平; 4类生鲜水产品中无机砷和汞的HQ远远小于1,不会危害人体健康。     

高效液相色谱氢化物发生原子荧光光谱联用检测海藻中砷形态

目的测定14种海藻样品中总砷和无机砷的含量,同时分析样品中6种砷形态。方法将海藻样品经过微波消解的前处理方法,通过电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测定总砷含量;根据国标方法中无机砷检测的前处理方法,通过原子荧光光谱(atomic fluorescence spectrometry,AFS)测定无机砷含量;最后通过酸提的前处理方法,利用高效液相色谱-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet photo-oxidation-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry,HPLC-(UV)-HG-AFS)测定海藻样品中6种形态砷含量并与国标无机砷方法比较。结果 14种海藻样品中总砷含量为0.038~46.2 mg/kg;无机砷含量为0.006~19.3 mg/kg;对HPLC-(UV)-HG-AFS仪器的优化和方法的摸索后,从海藻样品中主要测得的砷形态为As(III)、As(V)和DMA,MMA含量较少,没有测出As B和As C。结论在砷形态较为复杂的海藻样品检测中,通过HPLC-(UV)-HG-AFS检测方法可以有效避免无机砷前处理中可能出现的有机砷向无机砷转变的现象,降低干扰,增加测试的准确性,更为具体地表现海藻样品中主要的砷形态含量。     

Mineral contents of some southern Italian wines. II. Determination of Li, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Co, As, Rb, Sr, Ag, Sb, Ba

Following our study of the mineral contents of some Southern Italian wines, this work reports on the detection of 12 elemental components. The elements were determined using ICP-AES, flame atomic emission or absorption spectroscopy. The values determined for Li, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Rb, Sr and Ba were within the usual ranges for wines (average values for these elements were: 0.010, 26.2; 94.4; 888; 94.0; 3.30, 0.82 and 0.11 mg/l respectively). All the wines contained low levels of As, the concentrations of which were always under 0.20 mg/l, the maximum level permitted by E.E.C. standards. The measuring of Co, Ag, and Sb led us to ascertain, in all the wines, concentrations lower than 0.01 mg/l for Co and Ag and below the instrumental detection level for Sb (0.06 mg/l). In a previous study wines from D.O.C. areas of Southern Italy were analysed by the technique of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), for 14 minerals. This paper deals with further investigation of the mineral composition of the same wines for different metal constituents, analysed by ICP-AES, flame atomic emission, or atomic-absorption spectroscopy (two techniques). The first technique was applied to the detection of Co, As, Sr, Ag, Sb, and Ba. The alkaline metals Li, Na, K, and Rb were determined by flame atomic emission, a technique which possesses better detection limits for these elements. For Mg and Ca the atomic absorption methods were applied.     

Isolation,Composition, Structure,Properties, Modifications,and Uses of Yam Starch

Starch is the major carbohydrate in yam tubers and can amount up to 80% of the dry matter. The starch quality determines the quality of food and industrial products made from yam tubers. This review summarizes the present knowledge of the isolation, composition, structure, property, modifications, and uses of starches from diverse yam species. Compared with other tuber and root starches, there is a lack of systematic information on the yam starches. This hinders the further development of yams as sustainable crops as well as the value‐added processing of the starches. Therefore, suggestions on how to better understand and utilize these starches are provided.     

卷烟中锂、铬、镍、铜、砷、硒、钼、镉、铊和铅含量分析

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了41个牌号烤烟型卷烟和雪茄烟样品烟丝中的锂、铬、镍、铜、砷、硒、钼、镉、铊和铅含量,并按照类型和价位对卷烟中这10种有害元素含量进行了统计分析。结果发现:①卷烟中锂和铜的含量较高,铊的含量很低,铬、镍、镉、铅、砷、硒和钼7种元素的平均含量为0.55～4.42μg/g;②雪茄烟中铬、镍、砷、钼、镉、铊和铅的含量一般高于烤烟型卷烟,而硒元素的含量则相反,但差别较小;烤烟型卷烟中锂和铜的含量与雪茄烟没有显著差异;③高档卷烟中的锂、镍、镉、铊和铬含量较低,而砷、铅的含量较高;不同价位卷烟的铜、硒和钼含量差异不显著。     

Survey of trace elements (Al,As, Cd,Cr, Co,Hg, Mn,Ni, Pb,Se, and Si) in retail samples of flavoured and bottled waters

Concentrations of eleven trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Si) were measured in 39 (natural and flavoured) water samples. Determinations were performed using graphite furnace electrothermetry for almost all elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Si). For Se determination hydride generation was used, and cold vapour generation for Hg. These techniques were coupled to atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The trace element content of still or sparkling natural waters changed from brand to brand. Significant differences between natural still and natural sparkling waters (p < 0.001) were only apparent for Mn. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to search for significant differences between flavoured and natural waters. The concentration of each element was compared with the presence of flavours, preservatives, acidifying agents, fruit juice and/or sweeteners, according to the labelled composition. It was shown that flavoured waters generally increase the trace element content. The addition of preservatives and acidifying regulators had a significant influence on Mn, Co, As and Si contents (p < 0.05). Fruit juice can also be correlated to the increase of Co and As. Sweeteners did not provide any significant difference in Mn, Co, Se and Si content.     

The effect of storage of canned juices on content of the metals Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sn, Al, Cd, Sb and Ni

The increase in concentration of iron, copper, zinc, lead, antimony, aluminium, cadmium, tin and nickel over a 2 year's time of juices of peach (prunus persica), pear (pyrus communis), apricot (prunus vulgaris) and apple (malus pumila) was determined. The results show a considerable increase in Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn and Sn with time, while the change in Al, Cd, Ni and Sb is negligible.     

Analysis of cheese for histamine, tyramine, tryptamine, histidine, tyrosine, and tryptophane

A method is described for determining the content of selected biologically active amines (histamine, tyramine, tryptamine) and amino acids (histidine, tyrosine, tryptophane) in cheeses by high performance liquid chromatography. The amines and amino acids were quantified by employing a counter ion-containing mobile phase and by comparing peak areas of high performance liquid chromatography charts for sample cheeses versus standard cheeses containing known amounts of added amines based on dual injections of samples and standards. Recovery of amines and amino acids varied from 87.5 to 111%. Histamine, which has been associated with food poisoning in concentrations of 185 mg/100 g in Swiss cheese and 180 to 500 mg/100 g in fish, was found in concentrations above 500 mg/100 g in Swiss cheese. The high performance liquid chromatography analytical method should be useful for screening to detect cheese samples containing toxic amounts of histamine and for research studies designed to determine the cause and effect relationships for histamine production in cheese.     

In Vitro Digestion of Raw,Roasted, and Pressure-Flaked Corn, ,

We compared raw, roasted, and pressure-flaked com in dry matter and starch digestion studies in vitro. For dry matter digestion, incubations were 1, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h. Dry matter digestion was increased in hours 1 through 24 by processing. Digestion in the 48-h period was decreased by processing which suggests that processing may increase the ease of utilization but not total utilization. Roasting decreased 48-h dry matter digestion more than pressure flaking. Starch digestion with incubations 1, 4, 24, and 48 h favored processed corn at all hours except 4. The 48-h observations from both studies indicate that while processing enhances starch utilization, it impairs utilization of other components in the grain. Prediction equations for dry matter and starch digestion for each corn treatment from length of incubation period and squared length of incubation period had multiple correlations of .96 or greater.     

Mineral contents of some southern Italian wines I. Determination of B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Pb by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES)

Summary Using a new analytical technique, the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), 51 red and rose wines from D.O.C. areas of Southern Italy were measured for the following 14 elements: B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Pb.Among these elements the most abundant were Si with an average value of 19.60 mg/l, Fe 5.87 mg/l, B 5.19 mg/l, Al 2.13 mg/l and Mn 1.40 mg/l; Cu, Zn and Sn were present in average quantities between 0.10 and 1.00 mg/l; the remaining elements had average concentrations below 0.10 mg/l.

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Gehalt an Spurenelementen in einigen D.O.C.-Weinen aus Süditalien I. Quantitative Bestimmung von B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Pb durch ICP Atomemissions-Spektrometrie

Zusammeufassung Unter Anwendung emer neuen analytischen Methode, ICP Atomemissions-Spektrometrie, wurden in 51 Rot- und Rosé-D.O.C.-Weinen aus Süditalien, die folgenden 14 Elemente bestimmt: B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Pb.Unter diesen Elementen sind Si mit einem Mittelwert von 19,60 mg/l, Fe mit 5,87 mg/l, B mit 5,19 mg/l, Al mit 2,13 mg/l und Mn mit 1,40 mg/1 die häufigsten. Die mittleren Konzentrationswerte für Cu, Zn und Sn liegen zwischen 0,10 und 1,00 mg/l; während die der restlichen Elemente unter 0,10 mg/l sind.

     

Varied Composition of Tocochromanols in Different Types of Bran: Rye,Wheat, Oat,Spelt, Buckwheat,Corn, and Rice

The profiles of tocopherol (T) and tocotrienol (T3) homologues in 37 samples of seven different types of bran (rye, wheat, oat, spelt, buckwheat, rice, and corn), available on the Polish market, were studied. Tocochromanols were identified and quantified by reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatograph/fluorescence detector and reverse phase-ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. Only rice bran contained all eight tocochromanol types. Corn bran lacked β-T3; rye, wheat, oat, and spelt bran lacked γ-T3 and δ-T3; and buckwheat bran lacked β-T3, γ-T3, and δ-T3. In buckwheat and corn bran tocopherols predominated (98 and 78%, respectively); whereas rye, wheat, oat, spelt, and rice bran were rich in tocotrienols (78, 76, 66, 87, and 66%, respectively). The average total tocochromanol contents in the oat, corn, spelt, buckwheat, wheat, rye, and rice bran were 5.5, 16.2, 15.8, 14.7, 12.8, 10.7, and 9.1 mg/100 g of dry weight, respectively. Tocochromanol concentrations in samples of the same type bran from different sources varied considerably. Better labeling of bran products to reflect this variation would assist with control of vitamin E daily dietary requirements.