活动重叠的复杂产品开发过程仿真分析

为了更有效地对复杂产品开发过程的时间-成本-质量进行预测分析,提出了活动重叠的复杂产品开发过程仿真方法。将活动重叠分为顺序重叠和反馈重叠,提出了将信息输入矩阵和信息输出矩阵用于量化评价重叠情况;采用任务返工概率矩阵、返工影响矩阵、学习效应曲线及质量改进矩阵来描述设计过程的迭代特性;基于活动重叠和迭代提出了时间、成本、质量的计算方法,并改进了产品开发过程仿真算法。最后,通过一个实例证明了该模型的有效性和实用性。     

基于BOM的IPD框架与实现

集成产品开发是解决产品开发中所有阶段所有职能部门的集成问题、改进产品开发过程的有效方法.提出以BOM为信息集成载体,建立基于BOM的IPD框架,将BOM的共享与传递贯穿于整个产品开发过程之中.进行了IPD框架内产品数据管理、生产工艺规划和制造资源计划模块中BOM的管理和集成设计.开发的软件系统已在企业得到实际应用.     

产品开发过程的活动分解与规划

活动的合理分解与规划对产品开发过程来说极为重要。本文根据产品开发过程的特点,分析了对其进行活动分解的方法和策略给出了求解常规进度,瓶颈路径,反馈进度的方法,并提供了一个应用软件工具,用以实现和验证这些思想和方法,为产品开发过程活动的分解和规划提供了一个支撑工具。     

资源受限的复杂产品并行开发过程集成

针对复杂产品并行开发过程存在资源约束及信息耦合性强等特点,提出了资源受限的开发过程集成模型。根据开发过程功能需求构建了过程管理系统体系结构,研究了功能模块映射模型、功能模块集成模型、过程信息集成模型、事件逻辑推理模型以及基于资源推拉技术的资源冲突消解模型。基于复杂产品并行开发过程集成环境研究了产品开发过程规划的运行方式,通过活塞连杆组改进设计实例验证了资源受限的复杂产品并行开发过程集成技术的有效性。     

基于协同设计的集成过程规划研究

论述了产品开发集成过程的发展,所建立的基于集成模型的过程集成能够保证产品信息的完整性、一致性和唯一性.提出基于协同设计的产品开发过程工程包括过程建模、过程分析评估、过程监控、过程改进与重组等信息活动.利用设计结构矩阵(DSM)对集成过程进行建模,通过DSM分割和撕裂优化算法,实现集成过程重组,保证过程高效运行.集成过程的有效设计规划、实现全局设计协调,才能获取所需的系统性能.     

概要工艺规划中关键特性的识别过程及方法

概要工艺规划是产品开发早期阶段的重要活动之一.但由于该阶段还不能获得详细的产品信息,使得概要工艺规划难以进行.对此,提出了采用关键特性表示粗粒度、非完备的产品信息,以支持在概要工艺规划过程进行产品的可生产性分析和关键工艺方案制定,给出了关键特性的定义,论述了关键特性的分类、分解和传递的原则和方法.在此基础上,提出了产品开发早期的关键特性识别过程及其方法,包括设计要求获取、设计要求与特性映射和关键特性判定3个步骤,并以有翼导弹的弹翼为例予以验证.     

并行工程中的两种并行实现模式研究

活动是产品开发流程的基本单元，研究其生和描述模型是开展并行工程等产品开发模式技术研究的主要基础。本文提出一种从资源，技术和过程三个角度描述其属性的三维度活动模型，并通过对活动属性的分析，讨论并行工程中的两种并行实现模式，即在产品设计阶段，统筹考虑产品全生命周期要求的并行设计和在产品开发过程中通过信息预发布支持，并由任务状态模型控制的活动并行。     

并行产品开发随机网络计划与仿真方法

将随机网络技术应用于并行产品开发过程建模。阐述了并行产品开发过程中的信息预发布模型与并行度定义,提出支持并行产品开发的随机网络计划方法,进一步给出对随机网络计划进行仿真计算的方法。在定义产品开发并行活动间的并行度、时间重叠度和信息耦合度等特征值的基础上,对并行产品开发整个过程的并行度进行量化计算,并以产品开发实例应用说明了该方法的有效性。     

产品开发过程的图示评审技术建模方法

为解决资源约束条件下的产品开发过程模型优化问题,提出了基于图示评审技术(GERT)的产品开发过程建模方法。该方法通过层次化工作分解,采用分层GERT网络描述产品开发过程,在过程时间参数计算的基础上,依照加权时间-资源优先的原则,调整存在资源冲突的平行活动。文中通过实例说明了该方法是建立并分析产品开发过程模型的一种有效途径。     

产品需求获取及其结构化建模方法

产品需求源自于产品生命周期的各个阶段,而经过明确定义和分解的产品需求,又是产品开发各个活动的设计目标。研究了产品需求的获取方法,通过对用户需求、产品开发过程及其各个应用系统的相关活动和数据的分析,建立设计系统和产品本身之间的联系,获取产品开发活动的设计需求信息;探讨了基于产品结构和产品开发过程的产品需求结构化建模方法;采用形式化描述语言EXPRESS－G,建立了一种相对通用的产品需求信息模型,以及产品、产品需求与设计活动之间的联系。     

耦合任务的重叠执行问题研究

耦合任务的重叠执行是复杂产品实施并行工程的一种重要方式。基于任务间信息耦合关系所产生的迭代设计过程,提出了名义信息进化度与有效信息进化度,构造了一个非稳态泊松过程来描述任务间的信息交流,用返工可能性矩阵分析了迭代求解产生的原因及实现过程。在此基础上,提出了产品开发时间与开发成本的计算模型,证明了耦合任务的重叠执行在缩短产品开发时间的同时增加了产品的开发成本,并通过实例验证了该结论的正确性。     

Multi-segment and multi-ply overlapping process of multi coupled activities based on valid information evolution

Complex product development will inevitably face the design planning of the multi-coupled activities,and overlapping these activities could potentially reduce product development time,but there is a risk of the additional cost.Although the downstream task information dependence to the upstream task is already considered in the current researches,but the design process overall iteration caused by the information interdependence between activities is hardly discussed;especially the impact on the design process’ overall iteration from the valid information accumulation process.Secondly,most studies only focus on the single overlapping process of two activities,rarely take multi-segment and multi-ply overlapping process of multi coupled activities into account;especially the inherent link between product development time and cost which originates from the overlapping process of multi coupled activities.For the purpose of solving the above problems,as to the insufficiency of the accumulated valid information in overlapping process,the function of the valid information evolution(VIE) degree is constructed.Stochastic process theory is used to describe the design information exchange and the valid information accumulation in the overlapping segment,and then the planning models of the single overlapping segment are built.On these bases,by analyzing overlapping processes and overlapping features of multi-coupling activities,multi-segment and multi-ply overlapping planning models are built;by sorting overlapping processes and analyzing the construction of these planning models,two conclusions are obtained:(1) As to multi-segment and multi-ply overlapping of multi coupled activities,the total decrement of the task set development time is the sum of the time decrement caused by basic overlapping segments,and minus the sum of the time increment caused by multiple overlapping segments;(2) the total increment of development cost is the sum of the cost increment caused by all overlapping process.And then,based on overlapping degree analysis of these planning models,by the VIE degree function,the four lemmas theory proofs are represented,and two propositions are finally proved:(1) The multi-ply overlapping of the multi coupled activities will weaken the basic overlapping effect on the development cycle time reduction(2) Overlapping the multi coupled activities will decrease product development cycle,but increase product development cost.And there is trade-off between development time and cost.And so,two methods are given to slacken and eliminate multi-ply overlapping effects.At last,an example about a vehicle upper subsystem design illustrates the application of the proposed models;compared with a sequential execution pattern,the decreasing of development cycle(22%) and the increasing of development cost(3%) show the validity of the method in the example.The proposed research not only lays a theoretical foundation for correctly planning complex product development process,but also provides specific and effective operation methods for overlapping multi coupled activities.     

分散环境下基于网络的快速产品开发模式

分散环境下错综复杂的产品开发流程和大量信息，限制了产品一切速度。但不管开发过程如何复杂，都可以抽象为异步和同步两大类。在此基础上归纳形成了基于网络的产品快速开发的异步同步耦合新模式。异步同步耦合是指异步过程和同步过程相互影响和相互作用，整体完成产品开发的任务。同时解决了分布式异步执行的管理过程的可视化技术和实时监控技术，构建了支持异地协同的集成环境。     

A distributed internet-based framework for manufacturing planning

Manufacturing organizations worldwide are re-inventing their product development practices in an effort to satisfy changing customer requirements. In the context of these changes influencing the manufacturing community, there is a need to develop frameworks, architectures, and methods to facilitate the creation, implementation, and functioning of virtual enterprises (VEs). This paper presents an Internet-based framework, which supports distributed process planning activities in the context of a VE. Typically, in a VE, the enterprise partners are distributed, and possess diverse skills and heterogeneous software resources, which employ heterogeneous computing platforms. Using the developed approach, physically distributed product development partners can collaborate virtually via the Internet and integrate their life-cycle product development activities through seamless information exchange. In this framework, the distributed manufacturing resources communicate with each other via the Internet inter-ORB protocol (IIOP) using an object request broker (ORB) at each distributed site.     

支持并行工程的IDEF集成建模

建立能够充分反映产品生命周期中各方面信息的模型,是并行工程中实现企业产品开发过程集成、并行和优化的基础。本文通过用ＩＤＥＦ的集成化建模方法描述了某企业的产品并行开发过程,ＩＤＥＦＯ功能模型用于描述并行工程各个功能单元的输入、输出、控制和机制等信息,ＩＤＥＦ３描述了信息流的传递过程,获得的信息和其评议关系用ＩＤＥＦ１ｘ表示。而ＩＰＴ小组的组织视图和资源视图与其他模型的关系通过接矩阵表示。     

Manufacturing process modelling using process specification language

The manufacturing process is one of the important processes in a product??s life cycle. The sharing of manufacturing process information among different functional application systems, such as process planning, manufacturing simulation, manufacturing execution and project management, has become difficult to implement due to the growing complexity of the manufacturing information of product, process, resource and plant. A unified representation of manufacturing process information for all applications can enable convenient integration between different application systems. The development of manufacturing-related ontology and the Process Specification Language (PSL) has provided a formal definition and structure of semantic concepts for the capture and the exchange of manufacturing information. This paper presents a manufacturing process information modelling method which builds a standard, complete and exact definition of manufacturing process data by applying current PSL specifications. New extensions of the concepts of the manufacturing process and the types of relationship for describing activities, materials and resources in a process are identified and developed. The completeness and adaptability of activity relation of the proposed manufacturing process information representation is verified using mathematical induction under a variety of complex manufacturing process situations. The ability of the modelling method in expressing complex process information is demonstrated by a machining process example.     

机械制造企业工艺资源库建立及其PDM管理

介绍了机械制造类企业建立工艺资源库的内容与方法,同时指出,工艺资源库的建立能够提高企业工艺文件编制的效率、准确度,还能为产品设计工程师提供有效参考,提高设计产品的工艺性、实效性、可制造性。在满足产品性能、可靠性和技术要求的情况下,充分利用本企业现有工艺资源进行研发制造,可减少新增资源,实现节约生产,降低产品开发成本。工艺资源库进行PDM管理使工艺知识在本企业内实现共享且具有继承性,防止企业制造技术的流失。     

A Web-based integrated design system: its applications on conceptual design stage

This paper describes the development of a Web-based integrated system for collaborative product development evolving from marketing analysis to prototype generation. The proposed system encompasses a marketing information system (MIS), a human resources management (HRM) system, a supply-chain management (SCM) system, a communication media, an integrated product design studio, a user interface and databases. It enables project planners, marketing analysts, designers, suppliers, and manufacturing planners to work at the early stages to reduce any unnecessary wasted time, resources, and costs, thus increasing the total product quality, maximising the organisation resources used, and reducing the total product cost and product lead time to better face global competition. The tangible advantage of implementing this system is that it provides an integrated environment for total product development from concept to realisation. Therefore, an efficient product development process is generated. One case study is demonstrated and discussed to validate the proposed system.     

Embedded knowledge service in mechanical product development

To develop competitive mechanical products, the enterprises should ask for external knowledge service. The concept of embedded knowledge service is presented to embed the independent technical activities of external resources unites as a part of the complete product development process of design entities. The mechanism of embedded knowledge service method is analyzed. Several key problems such as the decomposition of design tasks for cross-organizational assignment, the search of partners, the evaluation of the resources units, and the information transfer from the design entities to the resources units are analyzed point by point to make the embedded knowledge service easy to be applied. Finally, the effectiveness of the embedded knowledge service is illustrated with a case study on the development of an internal combustion engine.     

敏捷产品开发中的时间工作流建模研究

在大规模定制模式下如何高效地处理敏捷产品开发过程中的工作流是实现敏捷产品开发的关键问题。敏捷产品开发中的工作流具有很强的时间逻辑关系。在敏捷产品开发的工作流模型中增加时间信息，并利用J．F．Allen研究的时间逻辑对时间信息进行验证，建立敏捷产品开发的时间工作流模型；在敏捷产品开发过程中从本企业各部门选择合适的人员和动态联盟中其他企业的人员组建多功能开发团队，并运用时间工作流管理系统进行管理，并通过Internet来对工作流进行集成。