SBBR与SBR氧传质特性比较研究

在试验条件相同的情况下,进行了序批式膜生物反应器SBBR与SBR的清水充氧试验,氧传质特性比较研究结果表明:当曝气强度为0.3m3/h时,SBBR的(KLa)20和Eo2值均为SBR的1.59倍。SBBR具有更好的氧传质能力和更高的氧转移效率。     

好氧流化床生物膜反应器中氧传质过程与污水处理效能研究

好氧流化床生物膜反应器(AFBBR)因具有处理效率高、成本低、适用广泛等优点,在污水处理方面具有很好的应用前景。然而,关于该工艺的关键作用机理的研究仍不完善。为了从氧传质性能的角度提高反应器的运行效能,建立了好氧流化床生物膜反应器,并将其用于探究处理城镇生活污水过程中微生物呼吸作用、氧传质机制以及污水处理效果,并解析了微生物呼吸、氧传质性能以及处理效果之间的响应关系。结果表明,当曝气量为150 L/h、温度为20℃时,反应器内微生物耗氧速率(oxygen uptake rate,OUR)、标准氧总传质系数(K_La_s)较其他条件下显著增加;OUR与K_La_s呈现显著线性关系(R²≥0.97);曝气量为150 L/h条件下化学需氧量(COD_Cr)、氨氮、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)污水处理效果最佳,分别可达96.55%、89.53%、86.20%和83.96%。     

内循环气升式生物流化床水力学与传质特性研究

通过测定内循环气升式生物流化床的停留时间分布与溶解氧浓度，分析流化床内有效工作体积与氧传质系数的变化，以此研究其水力学与传质特性。结果表明，随着载体含量和气流量的增大，流化床内有效工作体积明显减小；氧传质系数则随着载体含量的增加先增后减，随着气流量和液流量的增大而增大。在本实验范围内，得出最适宜操作参数为载体含量为6％左右、气流量为180～240L／h之间、液流量为90L／h。     

多室气升式环流反应器传质特性

以Higbie的渗透理论为基础,建立了多室气升式环流反应器体积传质系数的模型方程．用亚硫酸钠空气氧化法测定反应器的比表面积和体积传质系数,讨论了表观气速和催化剂浓度对它们的影响,并验证了模型的适用性。     

内循环生物流化床曝气过程氧传质特性研究

针对水-空气-高分子颗粒三相体系,测试了内循环好氧生物流化床曝气过程中气-液相间氧传递的体积传质系数KLa,分析了操作参数(进气量QG、固含率εs和升降流区截面积比Ar/Ad)对氧传质系数KLa的影响。结果表明,KLa随着进气量的提高呈线性增加趋势;固含率对KLa有正反两方面的作用,存在一个较适宜的固含率使氧传质效率达到最高;随升降流区截面积比Ar/Ad的增大,KLa随之提高。基于KLa影响因素的分析对实验数据进行拟合,建立了关于体积传质系数KLa的关联式:Kd=2.23×10-6Reb0.582Ab0.976εs0.016。该关联式预测结果与实验数据吻合良好,对类似流化床反应器的设计有一定参考价值。     

气升式生物反应器强化传质与节能研究

从强化传质与节约能耗两方面概述了近年来国内外在气升式生物反应器结构参数的优化、静态混合／分散内件的研究、操作参数的优化及发酵液溶氧特性的改变诸方面的研究工作，提出了今后的研究方向。     

气升式外环流反应器的体积传质系数

以Higbie的渗透理论和Kolmogoroff的湍流理论为基础,提出了计算液体旋涡在气液相界面暴露时间的方法,并建立了预测体积传质系数的模型方程。在不同管径比下的外环流反应器中,对空气 水体系测定了操作气速对体积传质系数、循环液速和气含率的影响。将体积传质系数与表观气速和下降管与上升管的面积比按幂函数进行关联,其预测值和试验值符合较好。     

气升式内环流反应器流场及传质特性数值模拟

采用双流体模型和气液二相流体动力学理论建立了气升式环流反应器流体流动的数学模型,在此模型的基础上利用溶质渗透理论和各向同性湍流理论建立了局部液相体积传质系数数学模型。采用计算流体软件F luent对气升式环流反应器内气液二相流动状况进行模拟,模拟结果较好地解释了气升式环流反应器内的流动行为及传质特性。模拟计算值与文献实验值的吻合说明了模型的可行性。     

气升式环流反应器强制振荡周期对传质影响的研究

在同一反应器中比较了不同振荡周期下的气液传质特性,为最优强制振荡周期的确定提供了实验依据和分析基础。选择体积传质系数及气含率作为传质研究的主要评价指标,实验结果表明,动态操作下的传质效果明显优于稳态,而不同振荡周期传质效果也大不一样。在0.8~2.4m3h-1的气速范围内,由静压力、导流管顶部截面流体速度、全床气含率(及传质系数)周期性变化所确定的振荡周期TP、TV、TK比稳态操作下的全床平均传质系数分别提高了3.92%~27.3%,2.35%~24.5%,28.2%~43.3%。由反应器内全床平均气含率或传质系数确定的振荡周期TK是最佳振荡周期。     

多相机械搅拌气升式环流反应器中的气液传质

由空气水玻璃珠（ρ＝２６３０ｋｇ／ｍ３,ｄｐ＝２５μｍ）构成三相体系,在内置机械搅拌桨的内循环反应器中进行实验。实验条件：表观气速Ｕｇ０．５～１９．０ｃｍ／ｓ,固含量εｓ１％、２％、４％（质量分数）,搅拌桨速度为０～１２００ｒ／ｍｉｎ。结果表明总体积传质系数ＫＬａ随气体表观气速和搅拌速度增加而增加。总能量耗散速率同时受通气能量耗散速率与搅拌机械能量耗散速率的影响。搅拌转速一定时,搅拌机械能量耗散速率随表观气速的增加而下降。从能量角度考虑,表观气速和搅拌速度的选择应有一个良好的匹配。存在固体颗粒时,传质系数ＫＬａ与传质界面面积ａ均得到改进。对于２５μｍ玻璃珠体系,ＫＬａ值随固含率变化,其最大值的产生在２％固含率左右,固含率继续增加,则ＫＬａ降低。最后对ＫＬａ固含率及能量耗散速率作了关联。     

HYSTERESIS OF GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER IN A TRICKLE BED REACTOR

1 INTRODUCTIONTrickle bed reactors are widely used in the process industry,particularly in petroleumhydroprocessing operations,and have been extensively studied by chemical engineers.In atrickle bed reactor,the gas and liquid flow cocurrently down through the packed bedand undergo chemical reactions.However,there exist multiple hydrodynamic stateswhich correspond to either uniform or,in most cases,nonuniform radial distributionof the gas and liquid flows in the packed section.Moreover,the hydrodynamic state is     

MASS TRANSFER AND HYDRODYNAMICS IN AN AIRLIFT REACTOR WITH VISCOUS NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID

In an internal loop airlift reactor of 55L working volume,the gas-liquid volumetric oxygenmass transfer coefficient k_Lα,gas holdup ε_G and liquid circulation time t_c were measured with the sol-ution of carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)to simulate the performance of a reactor with highly viscousbroth.Electric conductivity and oxygen probes were used to measure the local gas holdup,liquidcirculation time and oxygen mass transfer coefficient in the individual sections of the reactor(riser,downcomer and the gas-liquid separating section at the top of the reactor)and the total reactor,respectively.The values of k_Lα for the riser,downcomer and separation sections of the reactor were alsoestimated and compared with that for the total reactor.The results show that,both k_Lα and ε_G in-crease but t_c decreases with increasing gas velocity.Correlations and comparisons with works reportedin the literature are also presented.Data show that the methods developed for k_Lα measurements inthe individual section and     

环流反应器中肌苷发酵液的氧传递研究

根据肌苷发酵过程主要是溶氧传质控制的结论,本文研究了操作变量和装置结构变量对环流发酵反应器中氧传递的影响,定量地得到气含率,液体循环速度和结构因素对氧传递的关系。对发酵反应器中溶氧浓度分布进行了摸拟计算,依据计算的结果提出了较佳的 D_E/D 和 L_E/D 的结构。     

环流反应器和搅拌槽传质特性的分析

本文测定了提升管为单段和提升管分为三段的气升式环流反应器中的液相体积氧传质系数，在螺带式搅拌桨区应器中测定了液相体积氧传质系数和功率消耗，实验体系为模拟生物发酵液非牛顿流体特性的核甲基纤维素水溶液，本文还从液相体积氧传质系数及单位液相体积的功耗所产生的氧传质效果方面对提升管不分段和提升管分为三段的气升式环流反应器与螺带式搅拌反应器进行了比较。     

EFFECT OF FINE SOLID PARTICLES ON GAS-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER RATE IN A SLURRY REACTOR

The influence of suspended fine particles of differing adsorbing capacity (activated carbon, avicell cellulose, SiO₂, and molecular sieves) on the liquid-film mass transfer coefficient κ_L, was examined experimentally in a stirred cell of well-defined gas-liquid interfacial area by chemical methods. The greatest effect on κ_L was observed with the activated carbon (about a threefold increase). An addition of glycerine in excess of 2.5 × 10^-3 k mol/m³, which was adsorbed on the particles preferentially, removed this increase in κ_L totally. Amongst other particles, only avicell cellulose showed measureable effects. The increase in κ_L values was inversely proportional to the temperature and the stirring speed, and the particle loading was found to be immaterial after a certain value. When the reaction rate increased (hence, when the thickness of dissolved gas-rich layer decreased) by gradual addition of a homogeneous catalyst (i.e. Co⁺⁺ for sulphite oxidation), the effect of particles on κ_L decreased and eventually it disappeared.     

MASS TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS IN A SLURRY REACTOR

The gas-liquid and solids-liquid mass transfer characteristics of a slurry reactor with vibratory agitation have been studied in gas-liquid-solids three phase systems. It has been found that the rates of mass transfer between both the gas-liquid and the solids-liquid phases are influenced by the solids concentration and the gas flow rate if the solids concentration and the gas flow rate exceed 5 to 10% by volume and about 0.2 cm/s, respectively.     

三相外环流反应器的液相返混特性和气液传质特性

主要研究了气速与固相对三相外环流反应器液相返混特性和气液传质特性的影响规律,并用“组合模型”分析了反应器各局部区域的返混情况。实验结果表明:液相返混主要由循环返混所致,约占95%以上;固相的存在对液相返混特性和气液传质特性均有显著的影响。研究结果对开发这类反应器具有重要意义。     

下喷自吸环流反应器中气-液局部相际传质模型

引言 下喷自吸环流反应器是在结合喷射、环流、自吸等优点基础上而开发出的一种新型高效反应器,开展该反应器内局部气液传质模型的研究,对于该反应器的优化设计及放大具有极重要的理论意义.多年来,经典传质理论的不足与局限都在经历不断的修正与改进.其中,激光多普勒测试在传质研究中的应用使得人们对湍流在传质中的重要性有了     

MASS TRANSFER WITH CHEMICAL REACTION IN A FROTH BED REACTOR

A model to predict conversions in a froth bed reactor has been developed. The model is then compared against the available experimental data on the oxidation of sodium sulfide in a foam bed contactor. The predictions using the present model are also compared against those based on the model of a foam bed reactor developed earlier. The predictions using the present model agree fairly well with the experimental data and, in some cases, are even in better quantitative agreement than the previous single stage model of a foam bed reactor. The case of significant surface resistance due to surfactant has also been analyzed theoretically, obtaining analytical solutions for the concentration profile and fractional gas absorption in a liquid froth shell.