A2O工艺处理低C/N比生活污水的试验研究

采用52.5 L的A²O试验装置处理实际生活污水,研究了A²O工艺在处理低C/N比生活污水时的脱氮除磷特性,并探讨了如何通过强化缺氧吸磷来提高系统的脱氮除磷效率。试验结果表明：在厌氧/缺氧/好氧体积比为1/1/2、HRT为8 h、污泥回流比为70%、内回流比为300%的工况下处理C/N为7.89的生活污水,TN和SOP去除率分别能够达到85.4%和93.3%,系统中存在反硝化除磷,缺氧吸磷占总吸磷量的25.3%。同样的运行条件下处理C/N为4.20的生活污水时,SOP去除几乎不受影响,但TN去除率降低至62.2%,平均出水TN浓度也超过20 mg•L^-1。维持厌氧区体积不变,增大缺氧区体积,使得缺氧/好氧体积比为5/8时,TN去除率可上升到70.7%,缺氧吸磷占总吸磷量的55.2%。同时改变内回流比的试验表明250%的内回流比能最大程度地强化反硝化除磷的作用,此时TN去除率可提高至77.3%。强化A²O工艺中的反硝化除磷,能克服碳源不足对脱氮除磷的影响,显著提高低C/N比污水的脱氮除磷效率。     

高效脱氮除磷系统除磷效果优化分析

针对南方城市污水C\N较低的特点以及现有脱氮除磷工艺脱氮除磷效率不高的缺点,设计了一套高效脱氮除磷工艺来强化脱氮除磷的中试装置。本工艺以广州市石井污水处理厂细格栅出水作为处理对象,针对不同工艺参数的除磷效果进行研究,并对各种因素进行组合实验。实验研究结果表明,当好氧池末端的溶解氧质量浓度为1.5mg/L,水力停留时间(HRT)为8h,硝化液回流比为200%,缺氧混合液回流比为150%,体积比为1:2.6:6.4时,高效脱氮除磷工艺对有机物和总磷的处理效果最佳,出水平均COD为32.04 mg/L,TP的平均质量浓度为0.35mg/L,去除率分别为81.32%和85.60%,达到城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准1级A标准,取得了较好的除磷效果,并且系统抗冲击负荷能力强,装置运行稳定。     

两级AO工艺处理黑水研究

黑水的COD和氮磷浓度高,常规处理工艺停留时间长、碳源利用率低。本研究在小试条件下采用两级AO工艺处理模拟黑水,考察了不同有机负荷以及体积回流比、SRT等对于系统脱氮除磷效果的影响,探讨该工艺对各项污染物的去除特性。结果表明,在HRT=21.4 h、外体积回流比为100%、内体积回流比为250%,SRT=10 d时,出水COD为60 mg/L,NH3-N和TN质量浓度分别达到7.0、17.2 mg/L以下,达到(GB 18918-2002)一级B标准;但出水的TP质量浓度为3～4 mg/L,仍需化学辅助除磷。两级AO工艺中的不同区段在污染物去除过程中发挥着不同的作用,延长第二级AO池的停留时间和增大内回流比,是增强该系统脱氮除磷的有效方式。     

改良A~2/O对低C/N城市污水的脱氮除磷研究

针对牡丹江城市污水低C/N水质特点,依据现有污水处理厂广泛应用的A~2/O工艺,提出一种改良A~2/O工艺,并投加填料以期解决脱氮除磷过程中存在的碳源竞争、污泥龄矛盾等问题。通过控制回流至预缺氧段的污泥量,回流体积比为15%时,获得最释磷效果,并探讨了其对除磷效果的影响作用,考察至好氧段的污泥回流量与好氧段NH_3-N去除的关系,并分析了缺氧段硝化液回流量对TN去除的影响,污泥回流体积比为50%时,达到最佳效果,硝化液回流体积比为2.5时,获得最佳处理效果;同时研究了投加填料后污泥龄的调整对工艺脱氮除磷的影响。改良A~2/O工艺能够有效地解决反硝化细菌和厌氧释磷菌对有机物的竞争,通过投加填料可有效缓解脱氮与除磷之间存在的污泥龄矛盾。     

体积比对改良A~2/O-同步脱氮除磷装置去除效果的影响

研究设计了一套改良A~2/O-强化同步脱氮除磷装置,探讨了该装置在处理南方城市低碳氮比的城市污水的同步脱氮除磷功能,给出了该装置的优化运行参数。研究结果表明,在温度为22~28℃、好氧池末端DO的质量浓度为1.5 mg/L、HRT为8 h,硝化液回流体积比为200%,缺氧混合液回流体积比为150%,污泥回流体积比为60%~80%,厌氧池、缺氧池、好氧池体积比为1:2.6:6.4时,中试装置出水COD和NH_4~+-N、TN、TP的质量浓度平均分别为36.52 mg/L和0.87、12.95、0.43 mg/L,符合GB 18918-2002一级A标准。     

改良型倒置A~2/O生物膜工艺的脱氮除磷性能研究

通过在倒置A2/O工艺中增设填料,并对其污泥及硝化液回流方式进行变化后,得到兼具脱氮除磷功能与生物膜特点的改良型倒置A2/O生物膜工艺,并以实际生活污水为处理对象考察了工艺的脱氮除磷性能。结果表明,系统采用硝化液回流与污泥回流分离的方式,并增设组合填料与火山岩后,有助于提升系统的脱氮除磷性能,增强系统的稳定性。当DO质量浓度维持在2.0 mg/L和硝化液体积回流比为200%的条件下,系统对COD、NH4+-N、TN及TP的去除率分别可达84.9%、92.8%、70.9%和75.3%。DO质量浓度及硝化液回流比对系统的脱氮除磷性能有较大影响。     

A+A~2/O工艺脱氮除磷参数调控及运行效果分析

结合广州市猎德污水处理厂A+A2/O工艺的实际运行情况,对其脱氮除磷参数调控和运行效果进行了分析。首先考察了冬天低温条件下的脱氮除磷效果,然后经过不同混合液体积回流比和污泥体积回流比的运行分析,得到适合工艺运行的最佳值,分别为100%和100%,还对其它参数调控进行了简要介绍,最后对工艺整体运行效果进行了分析,得到良好的结果。证明A+A2/O工艺具有良好的脱氮除磷效果。     

倒置A2/O与改良A2/O工艺生产性试验比较

以典型高浓度城市污水为处理对象,在生产性试验规模上,比较了不同回流比条件下倒置A2/O工艺与改良A2/O工艺在脱氮除磷效果上的不同,并研究了通过缩短初沉池水力停留时间缓解脱氮除磷碳源矛盾的可行性.试验结果表明,以较低污泥回流比运行的倒置A2/O工艺可以保持较好脱氮除磷效果,与相同污泥回流比而硝化液回流比为300%平行运行的改良A2/O工艺脱氮效果基本相当,但除磷效果优于改良A2/O工艺;提高倒置A2/O工艺污泥回流比至200%左右时,其脱氮除磷效果均优于改良A2/O工艺;通过缩短初沉池水力停留时间可以有效缓解生物脱氮除磷碳源的矛盾,提高系统整体脱氮除磷效果.     

改良A^2／O工艺脱氮除磷研究

实验研究了污泥回流比和混合液回流比对改良A2/O工艺脱氮除磷的影响.预缺氧池能够让NO3--N在进入厌氧池前被完全反硝化,保证磷的正常释放.污泥回流比对整个系统的处理效果影响较大,污泥回流比减小,生物反应器中的细菌数量会逐渐减少,出水水质变差;污泥回流比过大,系统处理效果也会变坏,实验采用50%、100%和150%污泥回流比,污泥回流比为50%时脱氮除磷效果最好.混合液回流比为200%、300%和400%对TN、TP的去除研究表明:混合液回流比增大为反硝化提供了更多的基质,从而提高总氮的去除效果,但是随着混合液回流比进一步增加,不会提高氮的去除效果,反而使能耗大大增加.因此,运行条件优选为污泥回流比为50%,混合液回流比为200%.     

不同回流比和SRT对A/O-MBR脱氮除磷的影响

通过改变回流比和污泥龄(SRT)考察其对A/O-MBR脱氮除磷效果的影响,结果表明:在整个运行过程中,不同回流比对氨氮的去除率都在96%以上。提高回流比,使得反硝化过程不能完全进行,从而导致出水NO3--N升高,脱氮效率降低。而SRT对NH4+-N、NO3--N和TN没有明显影响。此外,在SRT=30 d,回流比较低时(回流比为2),厌氧释磷作用较为明显,而提高回流比(回流比为3),反硝化聚磷过程得到强化,反应器均能达到较高的除磷效果(95%以上)。而当污泥中TP含量达到饱和时,增加SRT至60 d,并不能有效改善除磷效果。     

改进型分段进水厌氧/缺氧/好氧工艺强化营养物去除

In order to enhance phosphorus removal in traditional step-feed anoxic/oxic nitrogen removal process,a modified pilot-scale step-feed anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (SFA²/O) system was developed,which combined a reactor similar to UCT-type configuration and two-stage anoxic/oxic process.The simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacities and the potential of denitrifying phosphorus removal,in particular,were investigated with four different feeding patterns using real municipal wastewater.The results showed that the feeding ratios(Q₁)in the first stage determined the nutrient removal performance in the SFA²/O system.The average phosphorus removal efficiency increased from 19.17% to 96.25% as Q₁ was gradually increased from run 1 to run 4,but the nitrogen removal efficiency exhibited a different tendency,which attained a maximum 73.61% in run 3 and then decreased to 59.62% in run 4.As a compromise between nitrogen and phosphorus removal,run 3 (Q₁=0.45Q_total) was identified as the optimal and stable case with the maximum anoxic phosphorus uptake rate of 1.58mg·(g MLSS)^-1·h^-1.The results of batch tests showed that ratio of the anoxic phosphate uptake capacity to the aerobic phosphate uptake capacity increased from 11.96% to 36.85% with the optimal influent feeding ratio to the system in run 3,which demonstrated that the denitrifying polyP accumulating organisms could be accumulated and contributed more to the total phosphorus removal by optimizing the inflow ratio distribution.However,the nitrate recirculation to anoxic zone and influent feeding ratios should be carefully controlled for carbon source saving.     

流量分配比对改良多级A/O污染物的去除影响

针对传统多级A/O工艺处理低碳氮比生活污水除磷效果差的问题,本文通过增设前置厌氧段改良多级A/O工艺,重点研究了流量分配比对低碳氮比生活污水脱氮除磷的影响。系统在温度为(22±4)℃、水力停留时间为8h、污泥龄为14d、活性污泥浓度为2～3g/L、污泥回流比为75%时,系统依次在100%∶0∶0、45%∶30%∶25%、60%∶30%∶10%三种流量分配比下连续运行47d。结果表明,在45%∶30%∶25%的进水比下,COD、氨氮去除效果最佳,去除率分别达到90.24%和96.66%,出水浓度分别为30.97mg/L、2.11mg/L,均优于GB18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A排放标准。三种流量分配比下系统对TN、TP总体去除效果一般,平均去除率为47.31%、49.33%,可通过外加碳源增强反硝化作用及化学除磷进一步降低氮磷出水浓度,出水有望达到一级B标准。改良工艺在保证有机物去除效果的基础上基本实现了脱氮除磷,可为实际生活中处理低C/N生活污水提供参考。     

氧化沟不同分区脱氮除磷研究

采用混合反应器模拟氧化沟运行方式,探讨氧化沟不同好氧缺氧分区对脱氮除磷效果的影响。结果表明,在分点曝气氧化沟系统中氧传质推动力大,溶氧效率高,在相同的供氧条件下,其一个循环的好氧区比分段曝气系统好氧区长,但是分点曝气系统有机物耗氧多,DO浪费大,而分段曝气溶氧效率低,但DO的有效利用率(用于脱氮除磷)高,二者硝化能力相当,NH4+-N去除率分别为96.68%和97.03%,硝化菌活性分别为4.65、4.66 mg.g-1.h-1。在好氧区和缺氧区比例相同的条件下,分区越多,有机物被好氧异养菌利用的越多,脱氮除磷效果越差。分区减少,可以有效地增加反硝化菌对碳源的利用,对提高脱氮效果更有利。在同样的供氧条件下,分段曝气单个A/O分区长,反硝化菌和聚磷菌对碳源利用多,脱氮除磷效果优于分点曝气,在满足硝化的前提下,缺氧区和好氧区比例越大,碳源被利用的越完全,对脱氮除磷越有利,DO的有效利用率也越高,此时越接近于前置缺氧-好氧(A/O)工艺。     

双污泥-诱导结晶工艺除磷脱氮试验研究

针对传统污水处理脱氮除磷工艺碳源不足、聚磷菌与硝化菌泥龄矛盾、磷资源无法有效回收利用等问题,开发出"双污泥-诱导结晶"新型工艺,对其去除有机物和脱氮除磷性能进行了考察和分析。结果表明:当进水COD为152～237mg.L-1,TP为3.92～7.68mg.L-1,TN为31.3～50.5mg.L-1,C/N比约为3.91～5.21时,COD、TN和TP平均去除率分别为93.2%、71.2%和95.7%。厌氧段COD去除量约占系统COD去除总量的85.9%。TN的去除主要由缺氧池承担,厌氧池、硝化池、缺氧池、后置曝气池TN去除量约占系统TN去除总量的31.7%、11.4%、54.9%和2.0%。结晶在除磷过程中起着主要作用,结晶除磷量平均约占总除磷量的81.5%。双污泥工艺在系统中的主要作用为辅助化学除磷和脱氮。侧流比是保证系统稳定运行的关键参数。后置曝气池对超越污泥中COD和氨氮的去除有重要作用。     

Effects of influent C/N ratio,C/P ratio and volumetric exchange ratio on biological phosphorus removal in UniFed SBR process

BACKGROUND: UniFed SBR is a novel process that can achieve high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus removal simultaneously in a simple single SBR tank. In this study, effects of influent C/N ratio, influent C/P ratio and volumetric exchange ratio on biological phosphorus removal in UniFed SBR process were investigated in a lab‐scale UniFed apparatus treating real domestic wastewater. RESULTS: The results showed that phosphorus removal efficiency increased as C/N ratio increased from 27% at 2.8 to 88% at 5.7. For C/N ratios 6.5 and above, complete phosphorus removal could be achieved. When C/N ratios and volumetric exchange ratio were fixed at 6 and 33%, respectively, phosphorus removal efficiency remained at 100% for C/P ratios higher than 33; effluent phosphate concentration was below the detection limit. For C/P ratios lower than 33, phosphorus removal efficiency decreased linearly with C/P ratio. Under the same influent C/N ratio and C/P ratio, the following factors all contributed to better phosphorus removal performance: greater volumetric exchange ratio; more organic substrate for PAOs to utilize, less inhibition by NO_x^? of phosphorus release during the feed/decant period; more PHB synthesized; and more aerobic phosphate uptake. CONCLUSION: High influent C/N ratio, high C/P ratio and high volumetric exchange ratio were beneficial to phosphorus removal in this process. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

污水生物脱氮除磷新工艺研究进展

近年来,生物脱氮除磷工艺取得了长足发展,出现了很多不同的处理工艺。这些新工艺在形式和流程上都优于传统工艺。文章在总结传统脱氮除磷工艺的基础上,介绍了近几年开发出的污水生物脱氮除磷新技术。随着生物脱氮除磷技术研究的进一步深入,高效、节能的生物膜与活性污泥组合的复合生物膜新工艺的将会成为脱氮除磷工艺的重要发展方向。     

运行周期对FND-CASS工艺脱氮除磷效果的影响

通过改变CASS工艺的运行方式,采用好氧脉冲曝气,研究FND-CASS工艺运行周期对城市生活污水脱氮除磷效果的影响。试验结果表明:运行周期时间对脱氮除磷的效果影响显著。延长运行周期有利于脱氮和去除有机物,运行周期过长或过短均不利于除磷。本工艺的最佳运行周期时间为6h,COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的去除率分别为88.74%、82.65%、75.40%和64.04%。     

耦合内置缺氧区的氧化沟系统强化脱氮除磷的研究(英文)

A novel modified pilot scale anaerobic oxidation ditch with additional internal anoxic zones was operated experimentally, aiming to study the improvement of biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal and the effect of enhanced denitrifying phosphorus removal in the process. Under all experimental conditions, the anaerobic-oxidation ditch with additional internal anoxic zones and an internal recycle ratio of 200% had the highest nutrient removal efficiency. The effluent NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN), PO43-P and total phosphorus (TP) contents were 1.2mg·L-1 , 13mg·L-1, 0.3mg·L-1 and 0.4mg·L-1, respectively, all met the discharge standards in China. The TN and TP removal efficiencies were remarkably improved from 37% and 50% to 65% and 88% with the presence of additional internal anoxic zones and internal recycle ratio of 200%. The results indicated that additional internal anoxic zones can optimize the utilization of available carbon source from the anaerobic outflow for denitrification. It was also found that phosphorus removal via the denitrification process was stimulated in the additional internal anoxic zones, which was beneficial for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal when treating wastewater with a limited carbon source. However, an excess internal recycle would cause nitrite to accumulate in the system. This seems to be harmful to biological phosphorus removal.     

污水生物脱氮除磷工艺研究进展

污水处理的脱氮除磷工艺是中国现阶段的主要研究发展方向,众所周知,污水中的N、P是引起自然水体富营养化的主要原因之一。为了减少中国水体的恶化,中国把污水的排放标准提高,总氮总磷的指标做了进一步的提高。文章从传统脱氮除磷工艺的弊端出发,分别从A2/O工艺优化和新机理阐述了生物脱氮除磷的的研究进展,并做了介绍,同时对今后的脱氮除磷工艺做了展望。