金属型铸造条件下Sb元素对ZL114A合金共晶Si和拉伸性能的影响

ZL114A合金是我国自主研发的铸造亚共晶Al-Si合金,变质共晶Si是提高其室温综合拉伸性能的重要方法之一。利用室温拉伸试验、扫描电镜观察研究了Sb元素对金属型铸造条件下ZL114A合金铸态和热处理态组织以及性能的影响。结果表明,对于铸态的ZL114A合金,Sb的加入将共晶Si由板片状变质为纤维状或颗粒状;经过热处理的ZL114A合金,Sb的加入使共晶Si的长径比变小,球化程度更高。在金属型铸造条件下,Sb元素能够提高ZL114A合金铸态和热处理态的室温综合拉伸性能,热处理后添加Sb的合金的抗拉强度和伸长率远远高于我国航空标准所要求达到的值。综合考虑ZL114A合金铸态和热处理态的共晶Si相形貌以及室温拉伸性能,Sb元素的最佳含量(质量分数)为0.09%。     

ZL114A铸铝搅拌摩擦焊接头性能

研究了采用不同焊接参数时ZL114A铸铝搅拌摩擦焊接头的金相组织、硬度分布及力学性能。结果表明，ZL114A铸铝的搅拌摩擦焊焊接性良好。焊核区的微观组织是无方向性的、细小的等轴晶粒。细化的硅粒子均匀布满整个焊核区。与粗大的树枝状母材相比，焊核晶粒细小、均匀而致密，没有观察到气孔等缺陷。焊缝区硬度分布较母材稳定，变化范围小。随着焊速增加，硅粒子所占体积比逐渐下降。热一机械影响区晶粒被拉长。接头的力学性能与焊接参数的匹配有关系。采用高焊速及转速与焊速比在3左右，获得的接头抗拉强度可达到母材的91％。焊后经T6热处理，可与同炉热处理母材等强。     

时效处理对AlSi9Cu3压铸铝合金组织和力学性能的影响

通过拉伸试验、光学显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱仪等分析手段研究了T5时效处理(160 ℃×6 h)后AlSi9Cu3高压铸造(HPDC)铝合金的显微组织、力学性能和拉伸断口形貌。结果表明,AlSi9Cu3高压铸造铝合金试样经过时效处理后,显微组织主要为等轴晶状的初生α-Al、共晶Si相以及析出θ-Al₂Cu相和α-Fe相。析出的平衡相θ-Al₂Cu弥散分布在晶界上,提高了AlSi9Cu3压铸铝合金的强度和硬度。时效处理后,AlSi9Cu3压铸铝合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和硬度分别为375 MPa、258 MPa、4.0%和94 HBW。同时在AlSi9Cu3压铸铝合金的拉伸断口观察到了准解理和少量沿晶断裂特征。     

稀土La对ZL101A合金组织及性能的影响

在ZL101A合金中加入不同量La，研究了其微观／宏观组织和热处理后的性能。实验结果表明。在金属型铸造条件下，加入质量分数为0．6％左右的La对ZL101A合金具有最好的变质效果，共晶硅全部变为细小点状。稀土La的加入可将合金晶粒尺寸由未变质时的3mm细化到1mm。共晶硅变质以及晶粒细化主要是由于加入的La富集在共晶硅前沿，阻碍了共晶硅长大。合金抗拉强度和伸长率随着La的增加而提高，但La超过一定量后合金抗拉强度和伸长率均会有不同程度的降低。     

微量元素Sr对AM60B镁合金组织和性能的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、电子万能试验机、数显洛氏硬度计和显微硬度仪研究微量Sr对镁合金AM60B的铸态组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加微量元素Sr可以细化镁合金的晶粒,而不改变基体α-Mg相的枝晶形貌,但可改变γ相的形态和大小,从连续或断续网状、长条状,变为卵石状或颗粒状。Sr对AM60B镁合金的抗拉强度和延伸率的影响具有相似的趋势,即随着Sr含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率呈现先升后降的趋势,当Sr含量为0.05%时抗拉强度和延伸率分别达到最大值191.82MPa和4.63%,而洛氏硬度和显微硬度随着Sr含量的增加而增大。AM60B镁合金断裂方式存在着由解理断裂向准解理断裂再向解理断裂转化的模式。     

汽车用6005A-T6铝合金动态性能研究

通过对6005A-T6铝合金进行准静态拉伸试验和动态拉伸试验,研究了应变速率对6005A-T6铝合金准静态和动态力学性能及断裂行为的影响。6005A-T6铝合金的强度随着应变速率提高而增大,应变速率200/s拉伸的抗拉强度、屈服强度分别较准静态拉伸提升30MPa、25MPa,其中以准静态到应变速率10/s的过程中,材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度上升最为明显;6005A-T6铝合金塑性随着应变速率的增大而逐渐增大,当应变速率达到200/s时塑性反而下降。在高速拉伸变形状态下,位错密度的增加和滑移带的增多是导致高速状态下强度及延伸率提高的主要原因;当应变速率达到200/s时由于拉伸速率过快,晶粒来不及进行大量变形是断后延伸率反而降低的主要原因。     

The effects of Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hypo-eutectic Al−Si alloys

The eutectic Si microstructure in Al-8.5wt.%Si alloy was changed from large flakes to fine lamellar when the Sc amount in the alloy reached 0.2 wt.%. 0.8wt.%Sc was optimal in terms of attaining the best modification effect. Study on the distribution of the modifiers and measurement of the surface tension of Al-8.5wt.%Si alloy melt with added Sr, Na, and Sc modifiers, respectively, reveals that Sc modifies eutectic Si by a decrease of surface tension, while Sr and Na modify eutectic Si mainly by an impurity-induced twinning mechanism. Al-8.5wt.%Si-0.4wt.%Sc alloy displayed approximately 50 and 70% increases in tensile strength and elongation, respectively, over Al-8.5wt.%Si alloy in the cast state. It also presented approximately 65 and 70% increases in tensile strength and elongation, respectively, over Al-8.5wt.%Si alloy at a ppt heat-treated state at 200°C for 3 h.     

Effects of Homogenized Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrFeNi_(2.2) Near-Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy

A 4 kg AlCoCrFeNi_(2.2) near-eutectic high-entropy alloy ingot was prepared by vacuum medium frequency induction melting. The effects of homogenized treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of AlCoCrFeNi_(2.2) were studied. The results showed that all the alloys consisted of the primary FCC phases and eutectic FCC/B2 phases. After homogenized treatment, lots of precipitated phases appeared in the primary phase. The hardness of the as-cast alloy was HV296. The hardness values of samples were decreased and were around HV250 after homogenized treatment. The tensile fracture strength of the as-cast alloy reached 900 MPa, while the elongation was 18%. After homogenized treatment at 900 ℃, the alloy showed the most excellent mechanical properties with the fracture strength 880 MPa and the elongation was 29%, respectively. All the alloys displayed a mixture fracture mechanism, including ductile fracture in primary FCC phases and eutectic FCC phases, and brittle quasi-cleavage fracture in eutectic B2 phases. Through a simple heat treatment method, the strength of the alloy was not reduced but the plasticity was greatly enhanced, which was more conducive to the industrial application prospects.     

钛和锶对舰船用ER4043铝合金焊丝显微组织和性能的影响

研究了元素Ti,Sr变质对舰船用ER4043铝合金焊丝的显微组织以及焊缝力学性能的影响. 结果表明,钛的加入不仅能细化α-Al基体,还能变质共晶硅,促使粗大的片状或针状共晶硅转变为短棒状,提高4043合金轧杆以及接头的抗拉强度,并且当添加量为0.08%(质量分数)时接头强度达到166 MPa,比未变质4043焊缝接头强度提高5.7%;单独添加锶对α-Al晶粒的细化效果更为明显,共晶硅相以粒状均匀分布,并且当Sr元素的添加量为0.02%时,焊缝抗拉强度达到最大值187 MP,比未变质4043焊缝接头强度提高19.1%;通过数据对比可以发现,锶对4043的变质效果明显优于钛对4043的变质效果.     

Sr元素对Al-Si-Zn-xSr钎料组织和性能的影响

研究了Zn,Sr元素对Al-Si-Zn钎料的铺展性能、显微组织、力学性能以及气密性的影响.结果表明,随着Zn元素含量降低,钎料的铺展面积可增大51%,6061铝合金钎焊接头的强度逐渐升高,达到120.5 MPa.当加入Sr元素后,钎料的铺展性能得到了显著提升,且随着Sr含量的增加,块状初生硅不断减少,共晶硅由针状转变为点状,并呈网状分布.当Sr元素质量分数为0.09%时,6061铝合金接头强度最高,为137.1 MPa.钎焊管路气密性测试结果表明,Al-0.2Si-77.8Zn及Al-2Si-62Zn两种钎料的气密性均逊色于Al-6.5Si-42Zn钎料.全浸试验后,Al-6.5Si-42Zn钎料的强度降低4.6%,而加入0.09%的Sr元素后钎料的强度降低3.6%.     

RE、Sr对高铁ZL101合金组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和INSTRON5882材料试验机研究了加入量为0.12%的Sr与不同含量的RE(RE含量分别为0、0.12%、0.24%、0.36%、0.48%和0.60%)复合加入对Fe含量为1.2%的ZL101合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,在Sr加入量一定的情况下,适量RE与Sr复合变质可明显地改善高铁ZL101合金中的针片状β-Fe相形貌,使其由针状转变为细小的短棒状。同时,可以细化α-Al晶粒,T6热处理使共晶硅变为颗粒状。适量RE能提高Sr变质高铁ZL101合金的抗拉强度,但对其伸长率的提高不明显。当Sr含量为0.12%,RE含量为0.36%时,高铁ZL101合金在T6热处理态下的抗拉强度最大值为213MPa,比对应的铸态168MPa,提高了26.8%。     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and dimensional stability of ZL114A aluminum alloy

The effects of heat treatment process on microstructure,micro-yield strength and dynamic dimensional stability of ZL114A aluminum alloy were investigated by optical microscopy(OM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),tensile testing and thermal cycling on-line measuring method.Fine dispersed eutectic Si phases are observed,and long strip eutectic Si and massive primary Si phases decrease in ZL114A alloy after high-temperature and long-time solution treatment,which result in the increase of micro-plastic deformation resistance.With the increasing of aging temperature,aging precipitation behaviour of ZL114A alloy transforms from precipitation of GP zone and β' phases simultaneously at lower temperature to precipitation of stable Mg2Si phases at higher temperature.Because coherent strengthening is the main strengthen mechanism for micro-plastic deformation,precipitation of stable Mg2Si phases is unfavorable to the improvement of micro-plastic deformation resistance.Micro-yield strength cannot characterize dimensional stability comprehensively,and dynamic dimensional stability under alternative temperature should also be tested cooperatively for better evaluation of dimensional stability.     

退火及深冷处理对SLM成形ZL114A合金组织及性能的影响

以选区激光烧结(SLM)成形ZL114A合金为研究对象,进行了SLM成形ZL114A合金的退火和深冷处理工艺试验,主要研究了退火温度和深冷保温时间对SLM成形ZL114A合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,230℃×2h退火处理后,SLM成形ZL114A合金的伸长率提高了18.0%,抗拉强度下降了2.9%;300℃×2h退火处理导致合金的抗拉强度和伸长率下降了28.2%和22.3%;合金退火态的微观组织表现为α-Al与Si相交界处存在大量的孔洞。而深冷处理(-196℃)对SLM成形ZL114A合金的力学性能有明显改善,其中深冷保温36h对力学性能提升效果最佳,相较沉积态,其抗拉强度提高了18.9%,伸长率提高了23.0%;其深冷态的共晶Si在基体中分散更均匀,并转为棒状结构,使合金的塑性得到明显提高。     

Microstructure,tensile properties and fractography of A356 alloy under as-cast and T6 obtained with expendable pattern shell casting process

The microstructure, tensile properties and fractography of A356 alloy were studied under as-cast and T6 conditions obtained with expendable pattern shell casting, and the results were compared with lost foam casting (LFC). The results indicate that a(Al) primary, eutectic silicon and Mg₂Si are the main phases in the microstructure of A356 alloy obtained with this casting process. The eutectic silicon particles are spheroidized and uniformly distributed at the grain boundaries after T6 treatment. The average length, average width and aspect ratio of eutectic silicon particles after T6 condition decrease. The sizes of a(Al) primary phase and eutectic silicon of this casting process are smaller than those of LFC. The tensile strength, elongation and hardness of A356 alloy after T6 obviously increase, they reach 260.53 MPa, 6.15% and 86.0, respectively and have a significant improvement compared to LFC. The fracture surfaces of expendable pattern shell casting show a mixed quasi-cleavage and dimple fracture morphology as a transgranular fracture nature. However, the fracture surfaces of LFC display a brittle fracture.     

挤压温度对退火态ZL102合金组织和性能的影响

研究了退火态ZL102铸造铝合金在300～460℃和挤压比为15时的热变形对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明,退火后的铸态ZL102铝合金随着挤压温度的升高,硅颗粒先变小后变大,亚晶由小长大,强度先升高后降低,塑性变化不明显。在挤压温度为420℃时,材料强度最佳,抗拉强度达164MPa,屈服强度达53MPa,伸长率达21%。     

Influence of Multi-pass Friction Stir Processing on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Die Cast Al–7Si–3Cu Aluminum Alloy

The influence of overlap multi-pass friction stir processing on the microstructure and the mechanical properties, in particular, strength, ductility and hardness of die cast Al–7Si–3Cu aluminum alloy was investigated.It was observed that increase in the number of overlap passes friction stir processing resulted in significant refinement and redistribution of aluminum silicon eutectic phase and elimination of casting porosities. The microstructural refinement by the friction stir processing not only increases the ultimate tensile strength from 121 to273 MPa, but also increases the ductility as observed by the increase in fracture strain from 1.8% to 10%. Analysis of the fractured surface reveals that the microstructural refinement obtained by friction stir processing plays a vital role in transforming the fracture mode from completely mixed mode to the ductile mode of the fracture with increasing number of passes. The change in the size, shape, morphology and distribution of eutectic silicon particles and elimination of the porosities are the main reasons for the increases in tensile strength and ductility due to friction stir processing.     

Influence of samarium content on microstructure and mechanical properties of recycled die-cast YL112 aluminum alloys

The influence of Sm(Samarium) content on microstructure and mechanical properties of recycled die-cast YL112 aluminum alloys was investigated.The results show that many small Sm-rich particles form in the recycled die-cast YL112 alloys with Sm addition.At the same time,the secondary dendrite arm spacing in the YL112 alloys modified with Sm is smaller than that of the unmodified alloy.The eutectic Si of recycled diecast YL112-xSm alloys transforms from coarse acicular morphology to fine fibres,Mechanical properties of the investigated recycled die-cast YL112 aluminum alloys are enhanced with Sm addition,and a maximal ultimate tensile strength value(276 MPa) and elongation(3.76%) are achieved at a Sm content of 0.6wt.%.Due to the modification of eutectic Si by Sm,numerous tearing ridges and tiny dimples on the fractures of tensile samples are observed.     

搅拌头旋转频率对静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能的影响规律

利用自行设计的静止轴肩装置对6005A-T6铝合金进行了静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊的试验研究.结果表明,当焊接速度为200 mm/min时,表面光滑且无缺陷的焊接接头抗拉强度与断后伸长率随着搅拌头旋转频率的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势;焊接接头的正背弯180°无裂纹;当旋转频率为1800 r/min时,抗拉强度达到最大值234 MPa,接头强度系数达到79%.静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头的显微维氏硬度呈W形分布,最小值出现在前进侧的热影响区;接头的软化程度随搅拌头旋转频率的增加而增加.焊接接头的断裂位置位于热力影响区,断口呈韧性断裂.     

An Al-12Si/ZnS powder inoculant for eutectic silicon in Al-12Si alloy

To obtain high-performance Al-Si-based cast alloys,refinement and modification of Si phases are required.An Al-12Si/ZnS powder inoculant was designed and fabricated using a chemical bath deposition method.The efficiency of the inoculant for modifying the eutectic Si phase in as-cast Al-12Si alloy was studied.Results show that Al-12Si/ZnS powder can significantly refine the eutectic Si in Al-Si cast alloys.The best refinement effect for eutectic Si is achieved with 17.5wt.%Al-12Si/ZnS powder.Coarse long needle-shaped eutectic Si with a length of 18μm was modified into approximately spherical shape with a diameter of 6.53μm,which is evenly distributed throughout the alloy.The E2EM model calculation indicates that the inter-plane misfit(F_p)and inter-atomic spacing misfit(F_r)between ZnS and Si are all less than 0.5%,which confirms that ZnS is a potential nucleation site for Si phase.The hardness,tensile strength,and elongation of Al-12Si alloys modified with 17.5%Al-12Si/ZnS powder increase 6.30%,16.18%and 55.45%,respectively,compared to the unmodified Al-12Si alloy.The fracture behavior of the alloy with 17.5wt.%Al-12Si/ZnS powder is dominated by transgranular fracture supplemented by intergranular fracture.     

Effects of Solution Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-16.9Si-4.5Cu-0.15Mg Alloy

In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg casting alloy under different solution conditions were investigated by optical metallographic and mechanical property test. The results show that the cast alloys were composed of α-Al, primary Si, eutectic Si, Al2Cu and Al7Cu2Fe phases. Three changes took place during solution treatment: Firstly, with the increase of solution temperature and the solution holding time extension, more and more Al2Cu phase was dissolved into the matrix; Secondly, with the increase of solution temperature and the solution holding time extension, morphology of eutectic Si, Al7Cu2Fe and other insoluble phases changed into more round; Thirdly, at the fixed solution temperature, if the solution time extended too long, it would cause grains, eutectic Si and other insoluble phases aggregated and coarsened. About mechanical properties, when the solution time was fixed, the hardness, tensile strength and the yield strength of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy treated by T6 enhanced while the solution temperature increasing, and when the solution temperature was fixed, the ultimate tensile strength and the elongation of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy treated by T6 increased at first and then decreased while the solution time increasing, but the hardness of the alloys affected less by the solution time.