AM60B镁合金的MgCO3晶粒细化技术（英文）

研究以MgCO3作为AM60B镁合金晶粒细化剂的细化工艺参数对微观组织的影响,从而开发一种细化工艺,同时,讨论其相应的细化机理。结果表明,升高MgCO3的添加温度或升高浇铸温度有利于获得细晶组织;在790°C时添加,最佳的加入量为1.2%,延长在此温度的保温时间使晶粒尺寸增大;在790°C时加入1.2%MgCO3,随后保温10min浇铸,可使晶粒尺寸从未细化的348μm减小到69μm;MgCO3与熔体中的合金元素反应所形成的Al4C3颗粒是异质形核的基底;除异质形核机理外,聚集在生长前沿的Al4C3颗粒对晶体生长的阻碍是晶粒细化的另一原因。     

氟盐法制备Al-Ti-B中间合金的研究

介绍了一种采用氟盐与铝液在高温下反应,制取Al5Ti1B中间合金细化剂的方法。从Ti、B的回收率、反应生成物以及微观组织的角度,对加料工艺、作用时间、搅拌强度等工艺因素做了分析。另外,对制取产品的细化效果进行研究。结果表明,在Ti加入量为0.05%~0.10%之间细化效果最好,该合金细化有效时间约为6 h。还在Al-Ti-B基础上引入稀土元素制取Al-Ti-B-RE中间合金细化剂,可进一步提高细化效果和长效性。     

Grain refinement of Al-3.5FeNb-1.5C master alloy on pure Al and Al-9.8Si-3.4Cu alloy

The refinement potential of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy on pure aluminium and Al-9.8 Si-3.4 Cu alloy has been investigated. Different amounts of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy were added to estimate the optimal addition level. It was found that the addition of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C grain refiner can promote significantly the refinement of grains in the pure aluminium, particularly at 0.1 wt.%, with the mean primary aluminium α-grain size reducing to 187±3 μm from about 1-3 mm. Similarly, the microstructural study of the Al-9.8 Si-3.4 Cu alloy die casting at different weight percentages(viz. 0.0 wt.%, 0.1 wt.% and 1.0 wt.%) of Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy shows that the Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy as a grain refiner is also acceptable for Al-Si cast alloys when the silicon content is more than 4 wt.%. As a result of inoculation with Al-3.5 Fe Nb-1.5 C master alloy, the average grain size of α-Al is reduced to 22±3 μm from about 71±3 μm and grain refining efficiency is not characterized by any visible poisoning effect, which is the major limitation in the grain refinement of Al-Si cast alloys by applying Al-Ti-B ternary master alloys. Mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are significantly improved by 9.6% and 9.7%, respectively.     

高洁净度Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂的制备与微结构特征

在传统氟盐法工艺的基础上,利用电磁场作用下合金化处理、旋转除气及高效过滤等技术,提出了一种制备高洁净度Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂的新工艺。试验研究表明,采用新的高洁净度制备工艺使Al-5Ti-1B合金中的杂质减少、洁净度大幅度提高。微结构表征显示采用新工艺制备的Al-5Ti-1B合金中TiAl3相和TiB2粒子分布均匀,尺寸细小,分别为5～30μm和0.37～1.24μm,能够很好地满足高品质铝合金细化处理的要求。并对Al-5Ti-1B细化剂的细化机理进行了讨论,为工业生产中进一步提高Al-5Ti-1B细化剂的质量提供理论依据和技术参考。     

浇注温度和细化剂对半固态A356合金组织的影响

采用低温铸造和晶粒细化复合工艺制备A356合金半固态坯料,研究了浇注温度和细化剂(Al-5Ti-1B)添加量对半固态坯料组织的影响。结果表明,随着浇注温度从715℃降到635℃,α-Al晶粒形貌从树枝晶向蔷薇状形态再到等轴晶组织变化,浇注温度越低,晶粒越细小圆整。当浇注温度降到615℃时,晶粒开始出现粗化和不均匀。在相同温度下,随着晶粒细化剂添加量的增加,晶粒更加细小,但细化效果随着添加量的增加变得不明显。当浇注温度低于635℃时添加细化剂,晶粒尺寸和形貌无明显变化。低过热度浇注和晶粒细化复合工艺制备A356合金半固态坯料的最佳工艺条件是:浇注温度为635~655℃,细化剂添加量为0.1%~0.2%。     

熔铸法制备Al-Ti-B中间合金的研究

采用纯钛颗粒熔铸Al-Ti-B中间合金.通过正交试验及单项试验,探讨加料时Al熔体过热温度,加料次序,反应时间,静置时间,浇注温度等工艺参数对合金中第二相的形态大小及分布的影响.结果表明:熔体过热温度为主要因素,其他参数为一般因素;通过优化获得一组最佳工艺参数;混合加料有利于提高B的吸收率;熔体过热温度及浇注温度的不同将较大程度的影响Al-Ti-B中间合金中TiAl3及TiB2的形态大小及分布.     

Al-Ti-B晶粒细化剂的研究进展

综述了Al-Ti-B中间合金的制备方法及组织特征。分析了氟盐反应制备法的缺点,改进制备工艺和优化合金成分是改善Al-Ti-B中间合金组织形态并提高其细化性能的重要途径。探索超声场等外场作用下Al-Ti-B中间合金的制备工艺,以及开发新型Al-Ti-B-RE晶粒细化剂是Al-Ti-B中间合金的主要发展方向。     

EFFECT OF GRAIN REFINING ON PRIMARY α PHASE IN SEMI-SOLID A356 ALLOY PREPARED BY LOW SUPERHEAT POURING AND SLIGHT ELECTROMAGNETIC STIRRING

The semi-solid slurry of A356 alloy, which is grain-refined by Al-Ti-B master alloy, is prepared by low superheat pouring and slight electromagnetic stirring. The effects of grain refining on the morphology and the grain size of the primary α phase in the slurry manufactured are researched. The results indicate that the slurry with particle-like and rosette-like primary α phases can be prepared by low superheat pouring and slight electromagnetic stirring from liquid A356 alloy grain-refined, in which the pouring temperature can be suitably raised. Compared with the A356 samples without grain refining, the grain size and particle morphology of primary α phase as well as the distribution of the grain with particle-like or rosette-like along radial in the ingot in A356 are markedly improved by grain refining.     

Effect of the salt addition practice on the grain refining efficiency of Al–Ti–B master alloys

The impact of the salt addition practice on the microstructure and grain refining efficiency of Al–Ti–B alloys produced by the “halide salt” route was investigated. The grain refining performance of an experimental Al–5Ti–1B master alloy was optimized when the halide salts were pre-mixed before addition to aluminium melt at 800 °C during the production of the grain refiner. The stirring action provided during salt addition was found to degrade, while a high rate of addition was found to improve, the grain refining efficiency. In view of the above, an improved salt addition practice to ensure an exceptional grain refining performance is claimed to comprise the following steps: melting commercial purity aluminium ingot; addition of pre-mixed salts to molten aluminium at 800 °C, at once to facilitate a rapid salt reaction, gently mixing the salts with the aluminium melt without introducing any stirring. The grain refiner master alloy thus produced gives an average grain size of 102 μm 2 min after inoculation.     

Response of an Al—Cr alloy towards grain refinement by Al—5Ti-1B master alloy

Grain refining of an Al–2%Cr alloy by Al–5Ti-1B master alloy (5/1 TiBAl) has been studied as a function of the addition rate of the grain refiner in the range 0.2–1.2% and holding times up to 120 minutes. This study revealed that an effective grain refinement of Al–2%Cr requires a minimum addition of 1.2% grain refiner as against the 0.2% which is normally required for most of the conventional Al alloys. The work further revealed that the effect of grain refiner starts fading after holding the melt for about 5 minutes, irrespective of the addition rate of grain refiner. The formation of complex aluminides in the presence of Cr seems to be the primary reason for the poor grain refining response of this alloy at low addition rates of grain refiner. At high addition rates, the better grain refining behaviour of the present alloy was found to be essentially due to the availability of finer unreacted nucleating sites (TiAl₃ and TiB₂).     

加钛和加硼方式对铝合金的晶粒细化及其衰退行为的影响

通过对比实验,研究了电解加钛与经Al-Ti、Al-Ti-B中间合金向工业纯铝熔配加钛的晶粒细化效果及其衰退行为,以及Al-B中间合金对电解低钛铝合金的晶粒细化效果及衰退行为的影响,还分析了硼对电解低钛铝合金的晶粒细化和抗衰退行为的影响.结果表明,在钛含量为0.10%和0.15%的条件下,电解加钛晶粒细化作用的衰退速度比熔配加Al-Ti中间合金要慢;熔配加Al-Ti-B中间合金细化晶粒作用的抗衰退能力则明显高于电解加钛和熔配加Al-Ti中间合金;加Al-B中间合金可有效提高电解低钛铝合金的细化效果和抗衰退能力,并使其明显高于电解加钛和熔配加Al-Ti或Al-Ti-B中间合金.     

Grain refining performance of Al-B master alloys with different microstructures on Al-7Si alloy

The improved halide salt route has been employed to produce Al-3B master alloys with different microstructures. The micro-structural features of AlB₂ particles exhibited different impacts on the grain refining response of Al-7Si alloy, evolving with the holding time after inoculation. Large blocky AlB₂ particles suffer from an intense fading effect while strip-like particles are not effective enough at the 0.005 wt% B addition level. Among the various Al-3B master alloys, sample 1 containing fine, blocky AlB₂ particles was revealed to be the most efficient in refining Al-7Si alloy. With inoculation of only 0.005%B of such alloy, the final grain size of Al-7Si alloy can reach 238 μm. Its grain refining efficiency was more or less retained for holding times up to 60 min.     

在铝铸轧过程中使用Al-Ti-B丝应注意的几个问题

试验对比研究了在铝铸轧过程中，添加进口Al-Ti-B丝、国产Al-Ti-B丝和未添加Al-Ti-B丝细化剂对产品性能的影响，以及Al-5Ti-1B丝中金属问化合物尺寸、弥散度，以及Al-Ti-B丝中Ti、B含量比值，Ti、B含量，Al-Ti-B丝添加量、添加方式等对细化铝晶粒效果的影响。     

A novel fading-resistant Al-3Ti-3B grain refiner for Al-Si alloys

Al-Ti-B refiners with excess-Ti perform adequately for wrought aluminum alloys but inefficiently in the case of foundry alloys. The high content of silicon in the latter, which forms silicides with Ti and severely impairs the refining potency of the nuclei, is known to be responsible for the poor performance. Hence, new grain refiners, such as Al-3B and Al-3Ti-3B master alloys with excess-B have been developed with well documented advantages for Al-Si alloys. It is very desirable to involve TiAl₃ particles in the Al-3Ti-3B master alloy to maximize its grain refining efficiency. However, fading phenomenon is a key drawback for application of the TiAl₃-containing refiners in aluminum foundry. In the present work, new Al-3Ti-3B grain refiners, containing TiB₂, AlB₁₂ and TiAl₃ particles were developed with an aim to prolong the acting time after inoculation. The results showed that inoculation of Al-7Si alloy with thus meliorated Al-3Ti-3B grain refiner has produced a fine grain structure which was approximately maintained up to 30 min.     

Al-B中间合金对用电解低钛铝制备的Al-Mg-Si变形合金的晶粒细化作用

研究了Al—B中间合金对用电解低钛铝合金制备的Al-Mg-Si变形合金的晶粒细化作用。结果表明，按硼钛质量比1：5的比例加入Al-B中间合金，可获得理想的晶粒细化效果。研究结果扩大了Al-B中间合金作为晶粒细化剂的使用范围，也为Al-Mg—Si变形合金的制备与晶粒细化处理提供了一条新的途径。     

Effect of nano TiN/Ti refiner on as-cast and hot-working microstructure of commercial purity aluminum

A novel type nano TiN/Ti composite grain refiner (TiN/Ti refiner) was prepared by high energy ball milling, and its effect on as-cast and hot-working microstructure of commercial purity aluminum (pure Al) was investigated. The results show that TiN/Ti refiner exhibits excellent grain refining performances on pure Al. With an addition of 0.2% TiN/Ti refiner, the average grain size of pure Al decreases to 82 μm, which is smaller than that of pure Ti and Al–5Ti–1B master alloy as refiners. The microstructure of weld joint of pure Al with 0.1% TiN/Ti refiner is fine equiaxed grains and the hardness of weld joint is higher than that of the base metal. For pure Al with 40% cold deformation and recrystallization at 250 °C for 1.0 h, the grains of the sample added 0.1% Ti powder have an obvious grain growth behavior. In contrast, oriented grains caused by deformation have been eliminated, and there is no obvious grain growth in pure Al refined with 0.1% TiN/Ti refiner, indicating that nano TiN in the refiner inhibits the growth of grain during recrystallization.     

微合金化元素La对亚共晶Al-Si合金凝固组织与力学性能的影响

利用DTA、OM、SEM、TEM、EPMA以及拉伸实验等方法研究了在添加α-Al晶粒细化剂Al-Ti-B中间合金和共晶Si变质剂Sr条件下,微合金化元素La对亚共晶Al-Si合金凝固组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:添加微量稀土La能进一步细化α-Al,变质共晶Si,显著提高合金的塑性。分析表明:微量La能降低α-Al晶核与TiB2的润湿角,减小α-Al的形核过冷度,促进α-Al的进一步细化;La能诱发交错孪晶的形成,增大共晶Si的孪晶密度,改变Si相的长大行为,进一步改变共晶Si的形貌。当La的添加量达到0.10%时,LaAlSi金属间化合物在凝固过程的共晶反应阶段形成,该化合物的形成将降低合金的塑性。     

Zr和Mn对Al-Ti-B中间合金的影响

验证了铝合金中微量Zr及Mn对Al-Ti-B中间合金细化效果的影响。发现Mn对Al-Ti-B中间合金的细化效果无中毒作用,而Zr在一定浓度范围内显著降低其细化效果;而且提高熔炼温度会加剧Zr对Al-Ti-B中间合金的中毒作用。研究还发现,微量Al-Ti-B及Al-Ti中间合金也会使Zr对铝的细化效果产生中毒作用。     

稀土对Al-Ti-B-RE中间合金细化性能的影响

研究稀土元素的加入对铝及铝晶粒细化剂Al-Ti-B-RE中间合金细化性能的影响.结果表明:稀土元素的加入无论是对合金中第二相粒子的尺寸、分布及细化能力,还是对细化剂的衰退延时性、重熔性能及细化效果都有重要影响,使Al-Ti-B-Re中间合金的细化能力较Al-Ti-B有了很大提高.     

Al-5C中间合金对AZ31镁合金的细化机理

采用粉末原位合成工艺制备Al-5C中间合金,研究Al-5C中间合金对AZ31镁合金晶粒细化的影响及细化机理。结果表明：Al-5C中间合金由α（Al）和 Al 4 C 3两相组成,Al 4 C 3颗粒的尺寸分布由烧结时间控制。Al-5C中间合金能显著地细化AZ31镁合金晶粒尺寸,当Al-5C中间合金添加量低于2%时,随着Al-5C中间合金添加量的增加,AZ31镁合金晶粒尺寸减小。晶粒细化机理是由于 Al4C3与 Mn 反应生成的Al-C-Mn 颗粒能作为初生α-Mg晶粒的异质形核基底,从而细化晶粒。