热喷涂工艺制备铝基非晶态合金材料研究进展

传统的铝基非晶态合金的制备方法有急冷法和机械合金化法.急冷法使用方便,冷却速率快,可获得非晶,可实现连续生产;机械合金化法具有设备简单,操作方便,易工业化,合金成分范围相对较宽等优点.但是这两种方法只限于制备非晶条带、薄片或粉末,而且生产制备周期较长,生产效率较低.热喷涂技术作为一种新兴的制备工艺,可获得非晶涂层,实现...     

镁合金板材的生产历史与研究现状

近年来,来自节能和环保的压力大大促进了镁合金产业的发展,具有高技术含量的镁合金板材的制备技术愈来愈受到人们关注。介绍了国内外镁合金板材的生产历史及其制备技术的研究现状,并讨论了传统制备技术和近来发展起来的几种新型轧制制备技术的特点、基本原理、研究现状及应用,对我国镁合金板材生产的发展状况进行了阐述,并提出了我国镁合金板材的发展方向。     

国产第一套漂白二氧化氯制备系统的生产工艺、方法及钛材管道焊接要点

本文从日照华泰纸业有限公司清洁生产治污节能技术改造项目,配套建设的8t/d二氧化氯制备系统实际工程为例,简单阐述二氧化氯制备工段的生产主要生产设备、原材料、工艺流程、工艺方法及钛材管道焊接安装工作要点。     

高纯钛的应用及其生产方法

详细介绍了高纯钛的应用现状,并对高纯钛的主要生产方法--克劳尔法、碘化法、熔盐电解法、电子束熔炼精炼法等进行了综述,指出只有几种方法结合才能获得纯度要求非常高的高纯钛;研发新的制备方法,克服传统制备工艺的复杂性,提高生产效率,降低生产成本,是高纯钛制备研究的发展方向.     

防冻液生产控制站与纯水制备装置PLC通讯的实现

纯水制备装置是防冻液生产过程中的独立设备,其S7-200PLC控制系统需要并到基于S7-300PLC和WinCC的防冻液生产控制系统中去。文章主要介绍防冻液生产PLC控制站与纯水制备装置控制系统通过EM277模块实现的PROFIBUS现场总线通信进行数据交换,实现WinCC对纯水制备装置的远程监控与操作,实现防冻液生产控制系统的集成。     

中国科大碳纳米纤维组装体的宏量制备及应用研究获进展

最近,中国科学技术大学俞书宏教授领导的研究小组在以往宏量制备纳米线三维材料实验的启发下,利用可吨级生产的廉价的细菌纤维素纳米纤维凝胶为原料,经过冷冻干燥及煅烧后,成功制备出超轻、柔性及抗火性能极好的碳纳米纤维气凝胶,在国际上率先实现了利用工业化大规模生产的生物质材料来制备三维碳纳米材料。     

六氟化硫的制备方法

本发明是关于六氟化硫(SF6)的制备方法，特别是关于容易大量生产高纯度、低成本SF6的制备方法。     

利用工业废渣制备软土固化剂的可行性探讨

就如何高附加值地利用工业废渣制备软土固化剂进行了技术效果、经济效益及生产方式等方面的可行性探讨。基于固化土结构形成过程的特点及其对固化剂组成的特殊需求,提出了利用工业废渣制备固化剂的设计思想,给出了固化剂配比实例,与水泥进行了性价比对比分析,并初步探讨了利用工业废渣产业化生产固化剂宜采取的生产经营方式。认为只要能根据形成固化土结构对固化剂组成材料的特殊需求针对性地选择适当的工业废渣,就能够制备出高性价比的软土固化剂;宜根据拟加固土的性质个性化设计制备固化剂,采用多组分组配式生产方式以及设计、生产、销售一体化的经营模式。     

TiO2光催化剂的制备与改性研究进展

综述了TiO2光催化剂的制备和改性研究进展,提出:①在光催化剂的制备方面,还应该开展一些新型的制备技术和产物性能方面的深入研究;②为了获得高性能、低成本的改性光催化剂,还应该深入开展把光催化剂的制备和改性直接结合起来的易于实现商业生产的技术研究.     

六氟磷酸锂概述及制备工艺研究

概述六氟磷酸锂的性质、用途、市场前景和生产现状,开展制备工艺研究。     

工艺参数对304不锈钢表面激光熔覆Ni基合金涂层的组织、耐磨性及耐腐蚀性的影响

研究了不同工艺参数对304不锈钢表面激光熔覆Ni基合金后熔覆层微观组织及硬度、耐磨、耐蚀性能的影响,并寻求最佳激光工艺参数,以期获得冶金结合较好,耐磨、耐蚀性能良好的熔覆层。根据组织与性能的综合分析可知,最优激光工艺参数为激光功率2.5kW、扫描速度4mm/s、送粉速率300mg/s。利用优化工艺参数熔覆后的熔覆层宏观形貌平整、光滑,熔覆层宽度为14.36mm,高度为1.612mm,熔池深度为0.248mm,稀释率为13.33,硬度较高,平均显微硬度为646.4HV,并且耐磨损性能较好,磨损量较低。此外,熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能也较好,自腐蚀电位为-286.77mV。在一定的激光工艺参数下,组织从结合区至熔覆层表层依次为平面晶、胞状晶、柱状晶、树枝晶、等轴晶。激光功率、扫描速度、送粉速率不同,熔覆层中组织粗细变化呈现一定的规律性:随着激光功率的增大,组织由细小逐渐变的粗大;随着扫描速度的增大,组织先变细小,然后变粗大;随着送粉速率的增大,组织逐渐变细小。合金的耐磨性与耐蚀性不仅与组织大小有关,而且与组织物相组成密切相关。     

Investigation of the properties of a magnetofluidized bed and development of a new gas purification technology based on them for simultaneous removal of solid and gaseous substances from hot waste gases

The results of investigation of the influence of the mechanical, thermal, structural, catalytic, and regenerative characteristics of granular oxide catalysts on the efficiency of decontamination of volatile organic substances in the catalyst unit and of the filtration rate, amount, and concentration of dust, the size of filter particles, the direction and intensity of a magnetic field, and other parameters on the behavior of the particles, the structure, the porosity, the resistance, the optimum fluidization rates, and the efficiency of collection of dust in magnetofluidization of magnetic particles have been given. The diagram and operating principles of a new technology for simultaneous decontamination of volatile organic matter and collection of dust have been presented.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 77, No. 6, pp. 59–73, November–December, 2004.     

Local fracture of a composite with linear rigid inclusion

Under the conditions of the plane problem, we propose a new interpretation of boundary conditions in the model problem of elastoplastic equilibrium of a body with linear rigid inclusion whose rupture strength is finite. Stresses in the composite material do not exceed their ultimate values for the materials of the matrix, inclusion, and intermediate contact layer. We studied the two most probable mechanisms of fracture: by exfoliation, i.e., as a result of the propagation of a slip crack along the matrix-fiber interface, and by the rupture of fibers. We established the critical length of the fiber as a function of elastic and strength characteristics of the composite material. If the length of the fiber is greater than critical, the fiber ruptures into two parts; otherwise, the inclusion separates by exfoliation. For each mechanism of local fracture, we determined the ultimate values of external loading.Karpenko Physicomechanical Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, L'viv. Translated from Fiziko-Khimicheskaya Mekhanika Materialov, Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 60–67, July–August, 1995.     

Effect of pyrophosphate-polyphosphate inhibitors on the processes of corrosion and salt deposition in aqueous systems

The efficiency and mechanisms of the protective action of a new modification of the KORSOL-1M inhibitor are studied for 20 and Kh 18N10T steels in water with different values of hardness at different temperatures. It is shown that, as a result of the formation of a quasiamorphous film, the inhibiting composition suppresses both the cathode and anode reactions and, therefore, is characterized by the complex mechanism of protection. At elevated temperatures, the protective properties of the inhibitor become somewhat weaker but remain satisfactory for practical applications. In distilled water, the rate of corrosion of 20 steel increases in the presence of the composition. At the same time, for Kh 18N10T steel, the rate of corrosion decreases due to the formation of the passivating film. In water with medium hardness, the protective properties of the inhibitor for stainless steel become weaker. The action of inhibiting composition is characterized by the presence of the aftereffect. Karpenko Physicomechanical Institute, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, L'viv. Translated from Fizyko-Khimichna Mekhanika Materialiv, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 87–96, May–June, 1997.     

Interactions between chemical evolution (hydration) and physical evolution (setting) in the case of tricalcium silicate

This paper describes recent experimental results concerning investigation of the parameters which determine, on the one hand, the kinetics of hydration of tricalcium silicate and the thermodynamic, morphological and structural characteristics of C-S-H and, on the other hand, the evolution of the particle interactions at the origin of setting. It is shown that, in both cases, lime concentration in solution is the most important parameter. As a consequence, the chemical evolution of the system, which controls the lime concentration in solution, determines the nature of particle interactions and the physical evolution of the suspension or paste. In return, the contacts, between particles, resulting from the coagulation of the suspension, seem to have a role in the kinetics of the chemical reaction.     

Model of the hardening of a continuum element under axial load

A model of the hardening of a continuum element is presented in the form of finite relationships. The latter formulate the hardening process, dividing it into events, at whose boundary pints the state parameter is varied discretely. By uniting the processes of hardening, unloading, and failure, the constants of the model represent the brittle-plastic nature of the element, its normalized elastic potential, and the value of the reduce strain of the hardening agent.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 8, pp. 18–21, August, 1990.     

Mathematical simulation and structural macrokinetics of the high-temperature synthesis of intermetallic compounds

In extending the results of [1], a theoretical study is made of the ignition temperature of a nickel-aluminum powder mixture as a function of the power of the external heating source, the dispersity of the refractory component, and the porosity of the powder mixture in the case of a volume reaction. The initial mixture is modeled by a set of spherical elementary cells whose dimension is determined by the range of nickel particle sizes, the mixture composition, and the porosity.Institute of the Physics of Strength and Material Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 451–454, October, 1993.     

劝导式设计研究综述

目的 对劝导式设计的研究现状与实践流程进行对比和分析。方法 以劝导式设计的概念为基础,从劝导式设计的发展脉络、常用模型、应用领域、研究方法、说服策略等层面,对劝导式设计的影响和意义进行探讨。结果 通过梳理主流的8个劝导式设计模型,概括了劝导式设计的理论分支与应用程序。分析劝导式设计的规律和特征,并罗列出劝导式设计对于社会服务、教育培训、政策引导、医疗健康、设计服务流程的先例与积极效益。提出了伦理道德的监管将是未来劝导式设计发展的新挑战与契机。结论 随着互联网、自媒体、大数据与人工智能的发展,传统的话语权将从集中式转为分布式;硬件加内容的服务模式已成为市场的主体,对用户态度与行为的影响将是未来产品与服务的焦点。劝导式设计关注场景定义、用户动机、行为引导、酬劳变量与触发点等因素,为产品研发、服务策略和社会创新提供了有力的理论支撑与实践引导。     

Primary state standard of the unit of inductance — The henry

Conclusions The standard of the henry is the first (with respect to its approval) state standard in the range of inductance, capacitance, and resistance measurements.This standard served up to the beginning of the sixties as the only initial (computed) quantity, on whose basis the VNIIM determined by indirect means the absolute values of the units of capacitance and resistance. The error of these indirect methods for reproducing units was of the order of 10^–5.Investigations, including circulatory international comparisons, of working standards have shown that the precision and accuracy of reproducing inductance units in the USSR are at the level of the best results obtained in national metrological institutes.In recent years new, more precise methods for reproducing resistance units have appeared. These methods, as well as the application of new types of measuring equipment, made it possible to extend substantially the nominal values' range of inductance standards covered by the test schematic.In order to ensure uniformity in this field of measurements, it is necessary to have a set of mutually-related computed inductance and capacitance standards (Fig. 3).The State Committee of standards attached to the USSR Council of Ministers approved, in accordance with the VNIIM recommendations, the coil types PB-1, KB-1, KB-2, and KB-3 as primary state standards of the henry. Prof. Igor' Nikolaevich Krotkov,head of the VNIIM laboratory,was appointed scientific keeper of this State standard.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 7–11, October, 1972.     

The problems and state of measurements

  On April 21–25, 2008, the Bauman Moscow State Technical University hosted the 10th All-Russia Conference on “Problems and State of Measurements,” which was dedicated to the 140th anniversary of the Faculty of Machine Industry Technologies. It was attended by representatives of colleges: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Zhukovskii VVIA, MAI and Stankin Moscow State Technical Universities, Goryachkin MGAU, Ural (Ekaterinburg), Orel, Perm, Tula, and Penza State Universities, the Russian Academy for the State Service under the Russian Federation President, the Maimond Classical Academy, the Novomoskowsk Institute of the Mendeleev Russian Chemical Engineering University, Kharkov Electronics National University; and also research institutes in the RAS system: the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mechanics, the Lebedev Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences, the Trapeznikov Institute of Control Problems, the Institute of Psychology, IMASh and the Blagonravov Nizhnii Novgorod branch of IMASh, and IPMASh (St. Petersburg); the Malaya Therapy Institute (Ukraine) and sectoral institutes: the Astrofizika Scientific and Production Association, Snegirev NITI, VNIIMS, NIIizmereniya, Moscow Institute of Expert Evaluation and Testing, LITMAShDETAL’, and the Omskenergoremont OAO PRP. In this number of the journal and the next one, we present a selection of articles from the conference. We also publish a survey article by the chairman of the organizing committee of the conference, Professor M. I. Kiselev. Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 3–5, October, 2008.