循环流化床锅炉的大型化

综述了国内外 1 0 0MW以上大型循环流化床锅炉的发展概况。对循环流化床锅炉大型化带来的技术难点 ,如锅炉本体结构布置、分离器布置、辅机系统布置等进行了分析和总结。并且论述了在国产循环流化床锅炉的大型化过程中基础研究的重要性。最后 ,提出了自己的展望和建议     

循环流化床锅炉的现状及发展前景

循环流化床燃烧技术是国际上上世纪80年代在锅炉上得到成功应用的清洁煤燃烧技术。提高可靠性、经济性和文明生产程度贯穿了循环流化床燃烧技术的发展历史。     

我首台大容量循环流化床锅炉制成并运行

国产首台21万kW循环流化床（CFB）锅炉发电机组顺利通过试运行。这标志着国内首台拥有完全自主知识产权的大容量循环流床锅炉研制应用成功。     

国产技术的200MWe循环流化床锅炉

介绍了采用中国科学院工程热物理研究所技术进行研制的200MWe循环流化床（CFB）锅炉的设计特点．这台锅炉将安装在内蒙古鄂尔多斯市神华亿利能源公司，将是具有我国自主知识产权的新一代大型CFB锅炉。     

循环流化床锅炉的现状及发展趋势

<正> 一、国外循环流化床锅炉的发展现状 1979年芬兰生产首台商业化的循环流化床锅炉以来,到目前,在欧洲、北美、日本、中国、南鲜朝等处,已有120余台循环流化床锅炉正在运行或安装中,有70余台正在建造中。循环流化床技术与鼓泡流化床技术一样,原出于化学工业中的一种燃烧工艺技术。1975年联邦德国鲁奇公司首次把这项技术用于锅炉燃烧。其流程和工作原理如图所示。历时10年后,这种锅炉已显示了优于鼓泡流化床的特点,发展极快。锅炉容量由50、150、270吨/时逐步增长。现鲁奇公司与法国Stein Industry公司合作正设计制造300吨/时及500吨/时的电站锅炉。并打算在本世纪末,试制1000吨/时容量的锅炉。目前,联邦德国、北美有16个电厂     

循环流化床大型化的若干问题及解决方案的优劣比较

针对循环流化床锅炉大型化趋势中存在的难点,分析了大型循环流化床锅炉在受热面布置、分离器布置等方面产生问题的原因,并针对各个问题,比较总结已经在实际中初步应用的各种解决方案的优缺点,对不同的方案提出了自己的看法,对大型循环流化床的发展具有一定参考价值。     

循环流化床锅炉设计中若干问题探讨

循环流化床燃烧技术是一种新型、高效、清洁的燃烧技术,有许多其它热工设备无法比拟的优势。 但在循环流化床锅炉设计方面还有一些方面亟待解决,文中就循环流化床锅炉设计方面的一些问题,如 气固两相流体动力特性对其设计的影响;一、二次风比例,燃烧份额对其设计的影响;炉内传热系数对其 设计的影响等方面作了一些阐述。     

论循环流化床锅炉的循环倍率

循环倍率是循环流化床(CFB)锅炉循环系统的基本特征值,是分析和设计循环流化床循环系统的前提。文章阐述循环流化床锅炉循环倍率的概念、循环倍率关系式的推导、分析及其应用。介绍作者提出的CFB锅炉循环系统的物理模型及由此导得的以给煤为基准的R循环倍率关系式及以随煤进入循环系统的固体质量为标准的K循环倍率关系式,并作进一步分析。将K循环倍率关系式与近年来普遍应用的Kj=η/(1－η)简化关系式作比较呈现出K关系式的正确性。循环倍率关系式（R或K）从理论上揭示CFB锅炉循环物料量建立和维持的基本规律,为分析循环系统奠定了理论基础,对循环系统的设计、运行有重大指导意义。     

循环流化床锅炉最优循环倍率的确定

通过对循环流化床锅炉循环倍率的分析与计算，提出一种简单、实用、操作性能好，具有较强指导意义的工程模，以确定最优设计及运行环倍率，从而为循环流化床锅炉的设计及运行提供重要依据。     

中国洁净煤技术若干重大科技进展分析(之二)

在洁净煤技术方面，论述了煤炭地下气化的产业示范工程，增压流化床联合循环中试电站建成和试运行。对每项技术，主要从国际比较上确定它达到的水平和创新点，对它已经（或可能）进入的市场状况进行比较准确的分析，进而与我国能源发展战略的有关问题联系起来。最后从整体上讨论中国21世纪的能源科技发展战略。     

Interactions of energy technology development and new energy exploitation with water technology development in China

Interactions of energy policies with water technology development in China are investigated using a hybrid input-output model and scenario analysis. The implementation of energy policies and water technology development can produce co-benefits for each other. Water saving potential of energy technology development is much larger than that of new energy exploitation. From the viewpoint of proportions of water saving co-benefits of energy policies, energy sectors benefit the most. From the viewpoint of proportions of energy saving and CO₂ mitigation co-benefits of water technology development, water sector benefits the most. Moreover, economic sectors are classified into four categories concerning co-benefits on water saving, energy saving and CO₂ mitigation. Sectors in categories 1 and 2 have big direct co-benefits. Thus, they can take additional responsibility for water and energy saving and CO₂ mitigation. If China implements life cycle materials management, sectors in category 3 can also take additional responsibility for water and energy saving and CO₂ mitigation. Sectors in category 4 have few co-benefits from both direct and accumulative perspectives. Thus, putting additional responsibility on sectors in category 4 might produce pressure for their economic development.     

中国能源研发（R＆D）政策研究概要

该课题主要研究21世纪国内外新形势下的能源R&D的政策问题。主要研究评价能源R&D资源配置与投入,同时研究评价能源R&D计划的从立项到促进R&D成果产业化管理,能源R&D计划管理的政策分析是该研究的又一任务。     

The roles of science and technology in energy and environment research and development

Countries are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of science and technology in relation to national development and the necessity of formulating a concise science and technology policy. The need to strengthen and orient the scientific and technological infrastructure in line with national development goals, through more effective use of an available qualified work force and the higher education system, is becoming widely recognized. Consequently, appropriate methods of assessing the impact of science and technology on national development are needed so that efforts are concentrated on areas potentially having substantial impacts. Numerous planning studies have been undertaken to this end, particularly by international organizations such as UNESCO, UNIDO, OECD and IEA. This study examines the inter‐relationships of the disciplines of science and technology with energy and environment research and development (R&D) activities, particularly for developing countries. The connections between these topics are discussed along with some basic methods that can be used to exploit the relations. Some illustrative examples are presented. It is anticipated that the present study will serve as a preliminary step for more comprehensive work by providing an example of the utilization of formal methods in formulating science and technology policy for energy and environment R&D. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国能源研究与发展(R＆D)投入

能源R＆D投入是能源R＆D计划政策分析研究的一个组成部分。文章研究计算了2000年中国能源R＆D的经费投入。在绝对数量上，我国与发达国家的差距很大，如仅仅为日本的1．8％。文中还分析了国际上政府能源R＆D经费在技术领域投向上的趋势。     

谈科学技术进步与能源开发利用

本文论述了科学技术发展在不同阶段与能源消耗水平的关系。并指出在智能经济时代,只要合理开发利用能源的工作得到落实,能耗增长就会得到有效的控制,能源需求总量将缓慢下降;科学技术的进步将提供美好的能源前景;提出了合理开发和利用能源必须坚持的原则;对我国开发、利用能源的几个问题进行了探讨。     

Enabling science and technology for marine renewable energy

This paper describes some of the key challenges to be met in the development of marine renewable energy technology, from its present prototype form to being a widely deployed contributor to future energy supply. Since 2000, a number of large-scale wave and tidal current prototypes have been demonstrated around the world, but marine renewable energy technology is still 10–15 years behind that of wind energy. UK-based developers are leading the way, with Pelamis from Pelamis Wave Power demonstrated in the open sea, generating electricity into the UK network and securing orders from Portugal. However, having started later, the developing technology can make use of more advanced science and engineering, and it is therefore reasonable to expect rapid progress. Although progress is underway through deployment and testing, there are still key scientific challenges to be addressed in areas including resource assessment and predictability, engineering design and manufacturability, installation, operation and maintenance, survivability, reliability and cost reduction. The research priorities required to meet these challenges are suggested in this paper and have been drawn from current roadmaps and vision documents, including more recent consultations within the community by the UK Energy Research Centre Marine Research Network. Many scientific advances are required to meet these challenges, and their likelihood is explored based on current and future capabilities.     

纳米技术在传热领域中的应用与展望

2 1世纪 ,作为最具有发展潜力的高新技术———纳米技术 ,不但给传统热科学注入了新的活力 ,提出了新的挑战与机遇 ,同时提出了更具创新意义的课题。本文首先对纳米技术在对流、辐射和导热中应用的机理进行了详细的分析 ,并基于能源和电子等高科技领域 ,对其在这些领域的应用提出了自己的解决方法和新的思路。最后着重介绍纳米技术在传热领域的应用以及预测其在该领域的发展前景。