PVDF及其共聚物膜的耐碱性能研究

本文以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVDF-HFP)和聚偏氟乙烯-三氟氯乙烯(PVDF-CTFE)为膜材料,采用非溶剂诱导相分离法(NIPS)制备超滤、微滤膜.聚合物含量为20％(质量分数,下同),添加剂含量为6％,溶剂DMAc含量为74％.使用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(F...     

聚偏氟乙烯/聚氯乙烯相容性研究

采用溶解度参数法和混合焓变理论预测聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)／聚氯乙烯(PVC)共混体系为部分相容体系,并用共溶剂法、黏度法、微分扫描量热法判断聚偏氟乙烯／聚氯乙烯的相容性．结果表明:两者属于部分相容体系,与理论预测相符,为后续制备聚偏氟乙烯／聚氯乙烯纤维膜奠定理论基础．     

聚酯内支撑聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜的研制

用等离子体处理聚酯编织管制备内支撑聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜.考察了等离子体处理时间和功率、聚偏氟乙烯树脂的分子量、添加剂的浓度对膜性能的影响.实验发现:等离子体的处理功率和时间、聚偏氟乙烯树脂的分子量及添加剂的浓度等均影响聚酯内支撑管与聚偏氟乙烯膜材料之间的附着力.等离子体的处理功率和时间对内支撑聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜的水通量影响较小;聚偏氟乙烯树脂的分子量及添加剂的浓度对膜水通量影响较大.     

PVDF／PAn纳米复合材料的制备及介电性能的研究

以N—N二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂、十二烷基苯磺酸钠为表面活性剂、过硫酸铵为氧化剂,利用聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）中氟原子与苯胺分子中胺基氢原子之间的氢键作用,将苯胺小分子吸附于聚偏氟乙烯表面,然后经过乳液聚合反应,使聚苯胺（PAn）纳米颗粒均匀地包覆在聚偏氟乙烯表面,通过分子自组装过程制备出了具有核壳结构的聚苯胺包覆型PVDF／PAn纳米复合材料,用FT—IR、XRD、SEM、TH2818分析仪分析了材料的结构、形貌以及介电性能。     

聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜的研制和应用

介绍了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中空纤维膜的制备工艺，讨论了PVDF含量、添加剂、纺丝温度、干程及卷绕速度对膜性能的影响．并就PVDF中空纤维膜3种应用方法——连续膜过滤、膜生物反应器、双向流过滤的技术原理及应用作了介绍．     

热致相分离法制备聚偏氟乙烯微孔膜的研究

热致相分离法是一种制备聚合物微孔材料的有效方法.介绍了聚合物初始浓度、稀释剂、降温速率、成核剂、萃取剂等因素对热致相分离法制备聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)微孔材料的影响,并对热致相分离法制备聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)微孔膜的最新研究进展进行了介绍.     

无机粒子改性聚偏氟乙烯膜的研究进展

从结构性能及其成因方面介绍了近年来无机粒子改性聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜的研究进展，同时展望了无机粒子改性膜的未来。     

青岛海诺水务科技股份有限公司X-GREEN超滤膜．

采用加拿大先进制膜配方和工艺．研制出具有永久亲水性的PVDF中空纤维超滤膜．既保持了聚偏氟乙烯耐高温、良好的机械与化学稳定性．又具备亲水性聚合物的亲水性能。     

热致相分离法制备聚偏氟乙烯微孔膜的结构及性能研究

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)作为膜材料和稀释剂,采用热致相分离法(TIPS法)制备了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)微孔膜.通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测试了不同混合体系的固-液相分离温度,利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察和研究了稀释剂、冷却条件、聚合物浓度对膜断面微观结构的影响.     

PVDF／PES／CA平板式共混超滤膜的研究

研究了致孔剂种类和用量对聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）／聚醚砜（PES）／二醋酸纤维素（CA）共混平板膜结构和性能的影响，表征了共混超滤膜的水通量、截留率、孔隙率、收缩率和膜的断面形态等。结果表明，添加PES可以提高PVDF膜的尺寸稳定性，而添加1％CA可以提高PVDF／PES共混膜的亲水性，水通量显著增加。当PVDF／PES...     

The influence of electrospinning parameters on the morphology and diameter of poly(vinyledene fluoride) nanofibers- effect of sodium chloride

Electrospinning was used to produce PVDF nonwoven fiber mats under varying parameters of polymer concentration, applied voltage, salt content, and spinning distance. The results indicated that both the polymer and salt concentration had a noteworthy influence on both the morphology and diameter of the nanofibers. Improved fiber morphology and increased PVDF fiber diameter were observed as the PVDF concentration was increased. Adding different concentrations of NaCl to the PVDF polymer solution resulted in improved electrospinnability of PVDF resulting in better morphology and with increasing salt content, smaller fiber diameter. In particular increasing the salt content led to well defined fibers in otherwise nonfiber-producing formulations. The applied voltage and spinning distance were also seen to have an influence on the properties of the PVDF nanofibers. Nanofibers without beads were formed under the improved conditions of the different parameters studied.     

PVDF/PZNZT压电复合材料的结构与性能

为了扩展压电复合材料的应用领域,首先,通过固相合成法制备了0-3型聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)_0.05Zr_0.47Ti_0.48O₃ (PZNZT)压电复合材料;然后,研究了PVDF含量对PVDF/PZNZT复合材料物相、显微结构及性能的影响。结果表明:PZNZT陶瓷粉料与PVDF粉料混合后,其平均粒度接近于纯PVDF粉料的。于220℃下烧结后, PVDF/PZNZT复合材料在XRD谱图中主要显现出PZNZT钙钛矿结构的衍射峰。当PVDF含量较低时, PZNZT陶瓷晶粒间的结合较松散;随着PVDF含量的增加,陶瓷晶粒几乎都被PVDF相包围。因显微结构不同,不同PVDF含量的PVDF/PZNZT复合材料在极化电场中呈现出不同的串、并联电路。极化后, 5wt% PVDF/PZNZT复合材料的电性能最佳,其介电常数为116、介电损耗tan δ为0.04、压电常数为48 pC/N且机电耦合系数为0.28。随PVDF含量的增加, PVDF/PZNZT复合材料的居里温度降低,维氏硬度有所增加,但仍小于纯PZNZT压电陶瓷的硬度。所得结论显示PVDF/PZNZT压电复合材料的性能可以满足水声、电声及超声换能器等的要求。      

碳酸钙对热致相分离制备聚偏氟乙烯多孔膜结构的影响

通过熔融共混聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/CaCO3/复合稀释剂拟三元体系,采用热致相分离法(TIPS)制备了PVDF多孔膜。研究了复合稀释剂含量、CaCO3含量、粒径以及后期酸处理对膜结构的影响。结果表明:CaCO3含量和粒径对膜结构有明显的影响。在采用复合稀释剂的基础上,通过控制CaCO3粒子添加量,改变粒径,可以实现对膜结构的优化,并且经酸处理提高了PVDF膜孔隙率。     

Entwicklung von Diffusionsschichten auf Nickelbasiswerkstoffen für den Einsatz in chlorhaltigen Hochtemperaturprozessen

Development of diffusion coatings on nickel base alloys for the use in chlorine‐containing high temperature processes To open up the possibility of using sewage sludge ashes as fertilizers the removal of their heavy metal contents is obligatory. A process newly developed at the BAM Berlin executes this separation in highly chlorine‐containing atmospheres at temperatures of up to 1000 °C [1]. Unfortunately there are no materials available which can withstand such conditions over longer periods of time. This project deals with the development of materials that allow the operation in highly corrosive environments. The corrosion resistance of nickel base alloys against chlorine‐induced high‐temperature corrosion will be optimized by application of aluminum‐ and/or silicon‐containing diffusion coatings. As coating method the pack cementation process was selected. In this process, the metal to be coated is embedded in a powder, consisting of the coating metal, a halogen‐distributor (e.g. ammonium chloride) and aluminum oxide as filler material. During an annealing process of several hours at temperatures of 800 to 1000 °C, gaseous metal halides form. They diffuse through the powder pack and decompose at the substrate surface, thereby depositing the coating metal. Subsequent solid phase diffusion results in the formation of a protective diffusion layer. From the thermodynamic point of view, materials with a high content of aluminum and silicon show best prerequisites to build up slow‐growing, stable oxide layers with a high potential to protect the material against corrosive attacks. The actual performance of the materials will be examined in long‐time tests under simulated field conditions (high temperatures and chlorine‐containing atmospheres).     

Crystallization behavior of PVDF/PMMA blends prepared by in situ polymerization from DMF and ethanol

The crystallization behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PVDF/PMMA) blends was investigated at different PMMA content and from two solvents N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and ethanol. The PVDF/PMMA blends were obtained by in situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the solution of PVDF in DMF. The crystalline phases of PVDF were dependent on crystalline solvents and independent on PMMA content. For the in situ PVDF/PMMA blends, β phase of PVDF was predominant when they were crystallized from their good solvent DMF, while PVDF exhibited well-defined α and β phases from non-solvent ethanol. However, the relative fraction of β phase of PVDF in blends crystallized from ethanol varied with PMMA content. The crystallization morphology was related to crystallization solvent and PMMA content. The in situ blends crystallized from DMF and ethanol presented spherulites morphology and numerous minute particle structures, respectively. The addition of PMMA could reduce the spherulite size of PVDF. Thermal properties of in situ blends were also dominated by crystallization solvent and PMMA content. For the blends crystallized from DMF, their peak melting temperatures and lamellar thickness calculated by WAXD showed a first increasing and then decreasing tendency. At the same PMMA content, the blends crystallized from ethanol had a higher degree of crystallinity (X _c) of PVDF compared with those from DMF. In addition, the X _c calculated by DSC increased noticeably at PMMA content of 1.0 wt% and afterward it decreased with PMMA content, regardless of the kind of crystallization solvent. Besides, the hydrophilicity of the PVDF/PMMA blends was improved with PMMA content based on contact angle measurements.     

聚偏氟乙烯/碳纳米管纳米复合材料的制备和表征

采用超声波分散法制备了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热法和傅立叶变换红外光谱等方法研究了复合材料的形态,考察了MWCNT用量对复合材料结晶行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明,通过超声处理,PVDF和MWCNTs之间产生了相互作用,复合体以球状的形式存在。MWCNTs的引入导致具有压电性的β相形成和屈服强度的提高。根据实验结果,对PVDF/MWCNT复合球体和β相的形成机理提出了可能的解释。     

多壁碳纳米管/聚偏氟乙烯高介电常数复合材料的制备与性能

为制备具有高介电常数的复合材料,采用注射成型法制备了原始多壁碳纳米管(P-MWCNTs)/聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)复合材料和石墨化多壁碳纳米管(G-MWCNTs)/PVDF复合材料。然后,对P-MWCNTs和G-MWCNTs进行了Raman光谱表征,对MWCNTs/PVDF复合材料进行了断面形貌、力学性能和电学性能测试。结果表明:G-MWCNTs比P-MWCNTs具有更高的纯度和结晶度,两种不同的MWCNTs都能均匀分散在PVDF基体中,添加MWCNTs会显著影响PVDF的力学行为。MWCNTs/PVDF复合材料的介电性能随MWCNTs含量的增加而提高,与P-MWCNTs相比,G-MWCNTs有效降低了复合材料的渗流阈值。当频率为100 Hz时,纯PVDF的介电常数为7.0;当P-MWCNTs的含量为5wt%时,复合材料的介电常数为23.8;当G-MWCNTs的含量为5wt%时,复合材料的介电常数高达105.0。注射成型法制备的MWCNTs/PVDF复合材料仍保持相对较低的电导率,进而导致复合材料的能量损耗较低,对电荷存储应用具有重要意义。     

不同纳米填料填充聚偏氟乙烯基复合材料的介电松弛行为

以绝缘性BaTiO₃、半导性SiC和具有导电性的纳米石墨片（GNP）为填料,采用溶液法制备了聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）基复合材料,着重研究了具有不同性质的填料对PVDF基复合材料介电行为的影响。结果表明：随着不同纳米填料用量的增加,PVDF基复合材料的介电常数都有增大的趋势,尤其是添加半导性SiC和导电性GNP对PVDF基复合材料介电性能改善的效果最明显,其影响程度可由ε'-ε"曲线获知;当SiC和GNP含量高于渗流阈值后,其高频松弛峰趋于平直;采用介电模量的形式可以很好地描述材料在频率依赖下的松弛行为,其松弛激活能随着填料用量的增大而降低,表明填料的加入促进了PVDF基复合材料的极化。     

聚偏氟乙烯基复合材料的制备及介电性能

为有效改善聚合物基复合材料的介电性能,兼顾高介电常数和低填料量同时并存,采用以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为基体树脂,钛酸钡(BT)和石墨烯(GNP)分别为介电填料和导电填料,在BT-GNP/PVDF复合体系内部构建微电容器结构.采用溶液法和热压法制备GNP/PVDF薄膜和BT-GNP/PVDF复合薄膜.结果表明,BT和GN...     

Adhesion and friction behavior between fluorinated carbon fibers and poly (vinylidene fluoride)

The potential use of fluorinated, polyacrylonirtile-based, high strength carbon fibers as reinforcement for a fluorocarbon polymer, namely poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), was investigated by means of the single fiber pull-out test. The apparent interfacial shear strength as a measure of practical adhesion was determined and the fracture and friction behavior of the model composites characterized.It was shown that the fracture behavior of the model composites is predominately brittle in nearly all cases. Fluorination of carbon fibers has a positive impact on the adhesive strength to PVDF. The apparent interfacial shear strength increases with increasing degree of fiber surface fluorination and becomes maximal at a degree of fiber fluorination (F/C-ratio) of around 0.8, determined by ESCA, which is close to that of PVDF. This result points to the fact that the increased practical adhesion is due to a physical compatibilization between the fluorinated fibers and the surrounding PVDF matrix. It was found that, even though the interfacial shear strength increases with increasing degree of fiber surface fluorination, the friction between fluorinated carbon fibers and the surrounding PVDF decreases.