Impedance Method for Abnormality Detection of a Branched Pipeline System

In this paper, an integrated detection scheme is developed to simultaneously address a leakage, a partial blockage and unknown branched pipeline elements. Expressions for the pressure head and discharge for a branched pipeline system having both a leakage and a blockage are derived in frequency domain. Boundary conditions for a reservoir and a branched dead-end allow the development of impedance formulations. The condition for a pipeline junction can be addressed using either a common condition for the pressure head combined with a continuity condition of discharge or a connectivity condition for impedance. In order to consider the unsteady friction’s impact, the impedance development process studied both the impact resulting from velocity profiles with two-dimensional distributions and the impact resulting from local and convective accelerations. Impedance expressions are derived for two distinct branched pipeline systems at different abnormality conditions. Based on drived formulations describing these systems, response functions were derived in the frequency domain and their corresponding time domain representations were integrated into a meta-heuristic calibration scheme for inverse transient analysis. Using an objective function for minimization of root-mean-square-errors between the observed and computed pressures, the calibration based one impulse response can simultaneously predict locations and magnitudes of abnormalities as well as parameters for a branched pipeline. The strength of the impedance-based approach for inverse transient analysis arises mainly from its feasibility to address different conservation conditions for pressure and discharge and for combining these conditions into a unified impedance connectivity condition.     

考虑动态摩阻的管道泄漏水力瞬变数值模拟

为了提高管道系统泄漏的模拟和判断精度,将瞬态加速类(Brunone模型)和加权函数类(Zielke模型和Vardy模型)两类动态摩阻模型用于水力瞬变泄漏建模和模拟,并将计算结果与已有的试验数据、模拟结果进行对比分析.结果表明:与传统摩阻模型和存在简化误差的Brunone模型相比,Zielke模型和Vardy模型能更加精...     

管道泄漏检测的水力瞬变全频域数学模型

输水管道泄漏孔的存在及其位置直接影响着系统压力波形的畸变和衰减特性,通过分析有、无泄漏时任意位置处的压头频域特性可使泄漏检测成为可能.在考虑非恒定摩阻影响的基础上,提出基于水力瞬变全频域数学模型的泄漏检测反问题分析方法.用拉氏频域变换处理边界条件和实测数据,并将遗传算法用于频域反问题模型的求解,在寻优速度上比传统的瞬变时域分析的方法有了较大的改善.算例表明基于水力瞬变全频域数学模型分析的管道泄漏检测是一种有效的新方法.     

Adaptive Metaheuristic Scheme for Generalized Multiple Abnormality Detection in a Reservoir Pipeline Valve System

This paper presents mathematical and algorithmic developments related to general abnormality (multiple leakages and multiple partial blockages) detection in a simple pipeline system. Formulations for leakages and blockages were combined and reformulated to address general abnormalities efficiently in the frequency domain. Unsteady friction effects on laminar and turbulent flow conditions were considered during formulation development using 2D frequency-dependent and 1D acceleration-based models, respectively. The developed formula was tested in terms of model parsimony, computational accuracy, and flexibility for superposition in abnormality representation. Based on the proposed formulation, a novel multiple abnormality detection algorithm, called the adaptive metaheuristic scheme (AMS), was developed by integrating a stepwise genetic algorithm. The application of the developed method to a hypothetical pipeline system demonstrated the potential of the AMS for predicting general features of abnormality, even without access to prior information regarding the number and distribution of abnormalities. The developed method demonstrated robustness for the prediction of abnormality distributions and reliability, even in noise-contaminated signals. The adaptive predictability of the AMS can be characterized by not only its robustness for unknown multiple abnormality features but also its self-diagnostic capabilities during the calibration procedure.

     

长距离输水水力控制的研究进展与前沿科学问题

长距离输水的水力控制是一门新兴的跨学科理论,主要涉及到管道水击、明渠非恒定流、渠冰工程、管道泄漏的检测、水力学参数的不确定度和系统辨识、计算机仿真技术等相关学科。本文概述了水力控制相关学科的研究进展及存在的主要问题,然后,从实用的观点出发,提出一些值得解决的前沿科学问题。     

A Selective Literature Review on Leak Management Techniques for Water Distribution System

Water Distribution System suffers from leakages causing social and economic costs. There is need of platform to manage water distribution system more efficiently by detecting, localizing and controlling the leakages even before or as soon as they occur, ensuring quality water services to the consumers. Since last two decades, high efforts have been made by researchers for the development of efficient leakage management techniques for reduction of water losses in distribution system. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis on leakage management techniques covering three aspects: leakage assessment, leakage detection and leakage control, with an objective to identify present challenges and future scope in their respected field. Role of smart water technologies for efficient leakages management in pipeline network is also examined and discussed. Conclusion is drawn regarding current leakage management techniques and proposals for future work and existing challenges are also outlined.     

基于多尺度卷积神经网络的管道泄漏检测模型研究

如何有效检测管道泄漏是节水型社会建设迫切需要解决的关键和热点问题之一。近年来基于深度学习的管道泄漏检测方法发展迅速,本文针对传统单尺度卷积神经网络对泄漏特征提取不充分的问题,提出一种基于多尺度一维卷积神经网络(MS1DCNN)的管道系统泄漏检测模型。该方法利用多个不同卷积尺度的卷积通路并行提取管道泄漏的特征并进行泄漏信息的分类预测。基于经典的管道系统布置,利用瞬变流模型生成管道泄漏工况下的三个水压数据集对模型进行验证,三个数据集分别用于预测管道的泄漏位置、泄漏量和非恒定摩阻系数,对应样本数为39601、3980、4900,并将预测结果与其他深度学习方法和传统的机器学习方法进行对比分析。结果表明：MS1DCNN模型对数据集样本下泄漏位置、泄漏量、非恒定摩阻系数的分类准确率达到99.96%、98.48%、100%,三者平均预测精度比传统一维卷积神经网络(1DCNN)、BP神经网络、支持向量机(SVM)和k近邻算法(KNN)提高0.31%、2%、1.27%、22.8%;MS1DCNN在信噪比为-4～12 dB的噪声环境下各数据集的平均F₁分数分别为99.2%、97.02...     

乌鲁木齐市大西沟管道引水工程水锤防护设计

为了解决乌鲁木齐市大西沟引水工程因管线长、落差大而发生水锤破坏的问题,通过不同防护设备性能比较,结合水力瞬变计算和水锤方案比选最后得到合理的水锤防护方案。结果表明,通过在管线上布置空气阀、三级缓排空气阀、集气罐、超压泄压阀(安全阀)及管道末端调流消能阀关闭时间的控制,可有效地保证管道运行安全。     

现代调水工程的水力控制理论

介绍了现代调水工程水力控制的研究目的和意义,主要研究的8个课题:管道水击、明渠非恒定流、明渠冰过程、变速泵和闸门的自动控制、系统故障和泄漏检测、系统辨识、规划设计和运行优化及计算机数字三维仿真等。介绍了计算机数字仿真系统的组成,各子系统的研究内容及功能。最后介绍了4项水力控制新技术,包括:基于多功能自动调节堰井的低压输水技术,增大电机转动惯量防止液柱分离技术,适应水击控制的多喷孔套筒式调流阀技术,控制输水管道瞬态液柱分离的空气阀调压室技术。     

液体管道高频水力瞬变过程的数值模拟

目前在液体管道高频水力瞬变分析中,人们通常采用经典的拟稳态摩阻模型进行分析.但这种方法针对管壁切应力具有拟稳态特性的缓慢瞬变的分析是可行的,而对高频瞬变流动过程而言却不能准确预测水击压力波具体的衰减过程以及出现的波形畸变现象.介绍了一种新的考虑瞬时加速度对高频水力瞬变过程影响的非恒定摩阻模型,并结合特征线法给出了其数值解法,最后通过实例验证了该模型能比经典的拟恒定摩阻模型更为准确地模拟液体管道中高频瞬变流压力波的衰减和波形畸变.该模型对计算机的要求和计算耗时与经典的拟稳态摩阻模型相差不大,是一种具有良好工程应用潜力的液体管道高频瞬变分析数学模型.     

埋地压力输水管道渗漏噪声监测试验

为研究渗漏引起压力输水管线振动的在线监测方法及其应用,利用大型水压试验机进行了模型试验。试验时,用水压试验机模拟管道水压环境,并通过开启管道中部的射流孔以模拟渗漏,然后测量和分析管道振动情况。试验使用了3组检波器,分别固定于管道外壁、内壁和悬浮于水中,共测试了4种压力和4种不同直径管道渗漏程度。试验数据显示,无论是悬浮式还是固定式检波器,都能有效地监测到渗漏引起的管道振动,管道振动强度与管内压力以及射流孔大小呈正比关系。     

水锤特征线方法的一种等时距计算格式

本文推导了压力输水管中一维非恒定水流特征线方程的普遍差分形式;为克服声速变化时,特征线弯曲给计算带来的困难,引用Massau积分法;为更灵活地控制计算时距,采用了任起算点浮动的一种等时距方法;给出了一些边界、间断的处理方法.作为例举,将计算结果与Streeter的试验数据进行了比较.     

Effect of channel shape on selection of time marching scheme in the discontinuous Galerkin method for 1-D open channel flow

One-dimensional open channel flows are simulated using the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method. Three different explicit time marching schemes, including multistep/multistage schemes, are evaluated for different channel shapes for accuracy and efficiency. The Forward Euler, second-order Adam-Bashforth(multistep), and second-order total variation diminishing(TVD) Runge-Kutta(multistage) time marching schemes are utilized. The role of monotonized central, minmod, and zero TVD slope limiters for each of the time marching scheme is investigated. The numerical flux is approximated using HLL function. The accuracy and robustness of different time marching schemes are evaluated for steady and unsteady flows using analytical and measured data. The unsteady flows include dam break tests with wet and dry beds downstream of the dam in prismatic(rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, and parabolic cross-sections) and non-prismatic(natural river) channels. The steady flow test involves simulation of hydraulic jump in a diverging rectangular channel. The various schemes are evaluated by comparing accuracy using statistical measures and efficiency using maximum possible time step size as well as CPU runtime. The second-order Adam-Bashforth time marching scheme is found to have the best accuracy and efficiency among the time stepping schemes tested.     

北京市南水北调供水环路水力过渡过程分析研究

北京市南水北调环线工程是一项规模宏大、结构复杂、涉及面广的系统工程，工程运行工况复杂。基于管道瞬变流的特征线解法，研究输水系统水力过渡过程特性对南水北调供水环路水锤防护的影响，以及系统运行的安全问题，为工程设计及调度运行管理提供科学依据。     

长引水系统电站过渡过程数字仿真

水力过渡过程计算是水电站和水力机组设计不可或缺的一项工作,也是保证电站尤其是长引水系统电站安全稳定运行的前提。为了确保电站甩负荷过渡过程的安全,以有压管道非恒定流微分方程组为基础,采用特征线法,对具有上游调压室,一洞三机布置的复杂引水管路系统建立了数学模型,并进行了机组甩负荷过渡过程仿真计算。最终,确定了合理的导叶关闭规律,给出了相关参数随时间变化的历程线,并计算了调压井的最高、最低涌浪,为该电站的设计及安全稳定运行提供了技术依据,同时对类似工程也具有一定的参考价值。     

调水工程水力控制综述

调水工程水力控制是一门新的交叉性学科,是一门研究采用工程措施和运行方法对系统内水流的运动实施控制的学科。本文介绍了该学科的理论体系、主要研究内容。论述了相关理论的国内外研究现状、进展,存在的问题,包括管道水击、明渠非恒定流、冰水力学、系统故障和泄漏检测技术、以及大系统的优化设计和运行最优化、地理信息系统、现代计算机数字三维仿真等。介绍了调水工程水力控制形成发展的历史,提出了几个值得关注的发展新方向和建议。     

先导式泄压阀水力瞬变的仿真

先导式泄压阀是一种先进的防水击危害的智能水力装置,具有根据管道水压的变化自动做出开启或者关闭的功能.本文建立泄压阀水力瞬变流量、水压与泄压阀开度的函数关系,提出泄压阀主阀开度响应水压变化的递进模型,并设计出计算机数值仿真先导式泄压阀响应水压变化的动作过程的方法和程序.最后,以实际工程为例,研究了管道承受负压的能力,以及...     

水力平差模型在供水规划中的应用

在供水规划中,管网设计是重要的组成部分,为了降低管网建成后的漏损及运行费用,需要在规划设计阶段对管网进行水力平差计算.针对规划管网水力平差的特点,提出应用GIS的分析功能及EPANET水力计算软件构建管网的水力平差模型,进行规划管网的水力计算,并根据计算结果对管网进行调整,得到满足规划供水量及水压要求的供水管网布置方案,为供水规划管网设计提供科学的依据.     

分析介质顺序输送管流水力瞬变的特征线法

研究了管道内介质顺序输送的水力瞬变过程，改进了分析介质顺序输送水力瞬变的特征线法，模拟计算结果和管道介质顺序输送的试验结果相符。     

水轮机活动导叶关闭过程中导水机构内动态流场数值模拟研究

水力机组在暂态过程中诱发的强瞬变流是一种复杂的非定常湍流,对机组安全稳定运行具有重要影响。为了探索水轮机活动导叶动态调节动作诱发叶后强瞬变流对机组暂态特性的影响,本文应用模拟流固耦合动态效应较好的浸入边界法和大涡模拟技术来处理该类强非线性动边界流体动力学问题。首先,精细模拟槽道内两级线性排列动静叶栅动态绕流叶后压力和尾迹结构分布,由于受到固定导叶和活动导叶动静干涉的影响,其下游流场表现出复杂的非定常流动特征。随后完成了水轮机导水机构两级非线性环列叶栅动态绕流的模拟,展现了水轮机导叶调节运动的关闭过程。该方法可用于水轮机流道内多级翼型叶栅绕流的精细模拟,为研究水轮机调节振荡对机组暂态性能的影响提供有益的参考,对耦合上游管道系统水力暂态和水轮机三维暂态效应的研究也有指导意义。