Optimizing Operation Rules of Cascade Reservoirs for Adapting Climate Change

Water Resources Management - Climate change leads to great impact on hydrological cycle and consequently affects water resources management. Historical strategies are no longer applicable under a...     

梯级水库联合优化调度模型及其应用

为充分挖掘梯级水库间的水文补偿和库容补偿潜力,获取更高的综合利用效益,提出应用判别系数与水库蓄供水控制线相结合的方法,并结合免疫粒子群算法,以梯级电站发电量最大为目标,对水库蓄供水控制线进行优化。以乌江梯级水库为例,对其蓄供水方式进行了研究。联合调度结果表明,优化后的水库蓄供水控制线不仅可以合理控制水库蓄放水次序和蓄放水量,达到合理控制水库群运行方式的目的,而且在实际调度中具有良好的可操作性和抗风险性。     

梯级水库联合优化调度模型及其应用

为充分挖掘梯级水库间的水文补偿和库容补偿潜力,获取更高的综合利用效益,提出应用判别系数与水库蓄供水控制线相结合的方法,并结合免疫粒子群算法,以梯级电站发电量最大为目标,对水库蓄供水控制线进行优化。以乌江梯级水库为例,对其蓄供水方式进行了研究。联合调度结果表明,优化后的水库蓄供水控制线不仅可以合理控制水库蓄放水次序和蓄放水量,达到合理控制水库群运行方式的目的,而且在实际调度中具有良好的可操作性和抗风险性。     

基于改进混合蛙跳算法的梯级水库优化调度

针对混合蛙跳算法在寻优过程中出现的早熟收敛问题,利用混沌技术的遍历性优势对子群最优个体进行变异操作,形成局部精细搜索策略;根据蛙群相对多样性参数来判断算法是否陷入局部最优,进而对蛙群最优个体进行扰动以提高全局寻优能力,形成全局激励调节策略。耦合2种策略,提出了一种改进混合蛙跳算法。将其应用于李仙江梯级水库优化调度中,结果表明所提算法具有寻优质量高、收敛速度快的特点,有效地克服了标准混合蛙跳算法的早熟缺陷,为水库调度模型的求解提供了一种新方法。     

三峡-葛洲坝梯级水库运行调度

介绍了三峡-葛洲坝梯级水库的运行特点和要求,以及围堰发电运行调度的情况,分析了三峡水库对葛洲坝的影响.由于三峡水库分期蓄水,各个阶段的任务和运行特点不同,对水库运行的要求也不一样,加上2个水库的水力和电力联系紧密,因此,必须根据各时期要求进行科学、合理的水库调度,从而发挥梯级枢纽的综合效益.     

Optimizing Deficit Irrigation Scheduling Under Shallow Groundwater Conditions in Lower Reaches of Amu Darya River Basin

Water demand for irrigated agriculture is increasing against limited availability of fresh water resources in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River e.g., Khorezm region of Uzbekistan. Future scenarios predict that Khorezm region will receive fewer water supplies due to climate change, transboundary conflicts and hence farmers have to achieve their yield targets with less water. We conducted a study and used AquaCrop model to develop the optimum and deficit irrigation schedule under shallow groundwater conditions (1.0–1.2 m) in the study region. Cotton being a strategic crop in the region was used for simulations. Capillary rise substantially contributes to crop-water requirements and is the key characteristic of the regional soils. However, AquaCrop does not simulate capillary rise contribution, thereby HYDRUS-1D model was used in this study for the quantification of capillary rise contribution. Alongside optimal irrigation schedule for cotton, deficit strategies were also derived in two ways: proportional reduction from each irrigation event (scenario-A) throughout the growth period as well as reduced water supply at specific crop growth stages (scenario-B). For scenario-A, 20, 40, 50 and 60 % of optimal water was deducted from each irrigation quota whereas for scenario-B irrigation events were knocked out at different crop growth stages (stage 1(emergence), stage 2 (vegetative), stage 3 (flowering) and stage 4 (yield formation and ripening)). For scenario-A, 0, 14, 30 and 48 % of yield reduction was observed respectively. During stress at the late crop development stage, a reduced water supply of 12 % resulted in a yield increase of 8 %. Conversely, during stress at the earlier crop development stage, yield loss was 17–18 %. During water stress at the late ripening stage, no yield loss was observed. Results of this study provide guidelines for policy makers to adopt irrigation schedule depending upon availability of irrigation water.     

兼顾下游生态流量的溪洛渡-向家坝梯级水库蓄水期联合优化调度研究

金沙江下游为珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区,鱼类自然繁殖生长需要适宜的生态流量。为探究金沙江下游已建成的溪洛渡-向家坝梯级水库蓄水期的适宜生态流量改变度与梯级水库发电量间的关系,采用RVA法量化下游河道适宜生态流量,建立以调度期内发电量最大和下游河道适宜生态流量改变度最小为目标的梯级水库群多目标优化调度模型,并用NSGA-Ⅱ算法(非支配排序遗传算法)对模型进行求解。以典型丰水年、平水年、枯水年溪洛渡的入库流量进行优化调度计算,结果表明:在满足约束条件下,丰水年发电量最大增加0.7%,而对应的适宜生态流量改变度增大20.82%;而以生态为目标时,可通过发电量损耗0.48%来减少28.06%的适宜生态流量改变度。平水年发电量较常规调度相比最大可增加1.28%,此时适宜生态流量改变度增大13.87%;而以生态为目标时,适宜生态流量改变度减小22.53%,但发电量损耗0.62%。枯水年发电量较常规调度相比最大可增加1.89%,此时适宜生态流量改变度增大4.96%,而以生态为目标时,适宜生态流量改变度减少13.7%,但发电量损耗0.35%。研究成果可为金沙江下游溪洛渡-向家坝梯级水库生态调度方案的制订提供参考。     

三峡-葛洲坝梯级枢纽联合调度运用

三峡-葛洲坝梯级枢纽规模大,水力联系密切,运用环境复杂,两个枢纽的统一联合调度运用是实现梯级枢纽科学调度的保障.依据梯级枢纽的任务、运用特点及上游洪水特性,对三峡-葛洲坝梯级枢纽实施联合调度的必要性进行了分析,并介绍了梯级枢纽联合调度的管理体制和调度内容.     

A Two-Stage Stochastic Optimization for Robust Operation of Multipurpose Reservoirs

Water Resources Management - Robust reservoir operation has long been considered a promising solution for addressing water allocation problems in the absence of reliable hydroclimatic forecasts....     

梯级水库群联合优化调度算法研究综述

系统介绍了梯级水库群联合调度模型求解的常规优化方法和智能优化方法,其中常规优化方法包括动态规划法及其改进方法和大系统分解协调等方法,智能优化方法包括粒子群优化算法、遗传算法、差分进化算法等。在评述各种方法的基础上,给出了大规模水库群联合优化调度需要解决的问题:1模型系统求解的稳定性和求解效率的平衡问题;2考虑生态环境的多目标优化调度模式;3水库群优化调度模型描述方法;4优化模型输入和输出的不确定性问题;5机组高水头多振动区运行问题。同时,指出了智能优化算法的发展方向:1数学理论基础研究;2参数对算法结果的影响分析;3各种优化算法的改进与融合;4求解算法的并行计算和云计算技术。     

Evaluation of Crop Models for Simulating and Optimizing Deficit Irrigation Systems in Arid and Semi-arid Countries Under Climate Variability

The variability of fresh water availability in arid and semi-arid countries poses a serious challenge to farmers to cope with when depending on irrigation for crop growing. This has shifted the focus onto improving irrigation management and water productivity (WP) through controlled deficit irrigation (DI). DI can be conceived as a strategy to deal with these challenges but more knowledge on risks and chances of this strategy is urgently needed. The availability of simulation models that can reliably predict crop yield under the influence of soil, atmosphere, irrigation, and agricultural management practices is a prerequisite for deriving reliable and effective deficit irrigation strategies. In this context, this article discusses the performance of the crop models CropWat, PILOTE, Daisy, and APSIM when being part of a stochastic simulation-based approach to improve WP by focusing primarily on the impact of climate variability. The stochastic framework consists of: (i) a weather generator for simulating regional impacts of climate variability; (ii) a tailor-made evolutionary optimization algorithm for optimal irrigation scheduling with limited water supply; and (iii) the above mentioned models for simulating water transport and crop growth in a sound manner. The results present stochastic crop water production functions (SCWPFs) that can be used as basic tools for assessing the impact on the risk for the potential yield due to water stress and climate variability. Example simulations from India, Malawi, France and Oman are presented and the suitability of these crop models to be employed in a framework for optimizing WP is evaluated.     

水稻非充分灌溉实践分析

水稻非充分灌溉，是在灌区水源供水能力不能满足水稻正常需水时，采取的一种不得已怕常规做法。以半干旱半湿润地区经常采用的灌溉保证率80％为例，100年将可能有20年的破坏年份不能按需供水，在这些被自然条件妁柬的年份里，毫无疑问的只能实行非充分灌溉。这些典型年份的经验，就是该灌区推广节水灌溉的基础依据。     

流域梯级水库群联合调度研究进展

在阐述国内外梯级水库群联合调度研究的基础上,系统分析了现阶段水库调度的新理念,讨论了梯级水库群联合优化调度在防洪和兴利方面的优点,论述了优化调度过程中确定性方法和不确定性方法的优缺点,并指出当前调度管理中存在调度管理信息化建设不够完善、对流域生态环境造成负面影响等问题。建议:1在运行模式方面将水库调度原则和电力市场原则相结合,在调度模型方面构建既符合实际又便于求解的模型,在模型求解方面引进新理论、新技术;2建立包含梯级水库计算机监测控制系统、水情自动测报系统等为一体的水库优化调度管理模式;3将生态调度纳入联合调度统一考虑,积极探索梯级水库群防洪、兴利与生态环境相互协调、统一的水库综合调度方式,将水库群对河流生态和库区水环境造成的负面影响控制在可承受范围内。     

紧水滩水电厂梯级水库联合调度分析

结合紧水滩水电厂梯级水库联合调度的运行实践,提出了做好水库调度基础工作、减少弃水、提高发电水头、抓好设备技术改造、合理利用超蓄等提高梯级电站综合效益的途径。     

An Assessment of Conflicting Intentions in the Use of Multipurpose Water Reservoirs

This study describes the combination of qualitative methods and a MCDA technique, to rank a set of alternatives for the water use of Corumba IV reservoir, a multipurpose water resource located in the center-east of Brazil. The model specification presented in this paper was set up with six relevant benefits to the ecosystem and five water uses, identified through an in-depth interview with stakeholders. The relative importance of the benefits and the performance of water uses were measured by the Saaty nine-point scale. The imprecision of subjective judgment was partially compensated by using a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP). These groups include the Corumba IV power plant staff, in charge of an environmental mitigation program, federal government officials in charge of formulating and enforcing policies, community leaders and municipal authorities. The hierarchies of the set of benefits for these groups show evidence of convergence; however, statistical tests suggest the existence of conflicts among them regarding their preference for water use. This study clarifies the extent of such perceptions, making it possible to adopt better public policies practices for water management.     

三峡与清江梯级五库联合优化调度效益分析

对三峡梯级和清江梯级组成的混联式水电站群进行联合优化渊度研究,建立了以梯级发电量最大为目标的水电站群联合调度模型,采用POA方法计算两个梯级单独运行和梯级联合调度时电量补偿效益.结果表明,丰、平、枯三个典型年的年电垦分别增加了15.14亿、17.25亿、4.4l亿kW.h,两梯级联合优化调度在提高非汛期发电量、减少主汛期弃水量等方面效益明显,联合运行对清江梯级的电能补偿效益更为显著.     

优化小水电梯级开发的研究

本文介绍了对罗闸河流域南河段干流梯级电站开发方案及时进行的优化调整,避免了较多土地的淹没和近千人口的搬迁,在开发水资源的同时,保护了环境,也减少了由于移民安置、土地赔偿而引起的潜在工程风险。     

浅析拉洛水利枢纽及配套灌区工程总布置

拉洛水利枢纽及配套灌区工程是雅鲁藏布江右岸一级支流夏布曲干流上的控制性工程,为大(2)型水利工程。工程包括拉洛水利枢纽和配套灌区工程两部分。为做好拉洛水利枢纽及配套灌区工程总体布置,长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司在前期调研勘探的基础上,结合工程任务、地质地形条件、建筑物功能要求、施工条件、环境和投资等进行综合考虑,对整个工程进行科学合理的布局。     

梯级水库联合防洪调度运用研究

洪水灾害历来就是我国的心腹之患，在现有防洪设施条件下，通过防洪体系联合调度运用，力争减少洪灾损失显得尤为重要。文中以汾河流域上游汾河水库和汾河二库为例。研究了梯级水库汛期实时联合调度方法。