埋弧焊线能量对船用E36钢焊缝低温冲击韧性的影响

运用金相分析及扫描电镜断口分析的方法,研究了线能量对船用E36钢的埋弧焊焊缝冲击韧性的影响,结果表明,大线能量焊接时,促使焊缝中产生沿奥氏体晶界分布的先共析铁素体,柱状晶明显粗大,断口微观形貌呈解理+准解理特征;线能量降低时促使焊缝中形成以针状铁素体为主的组织,断口微观形貌呈韧窝+准解理特征。焊缝的冲击韧性取决于焊缝中针状铁素体和先共析铁素体所占的比例。对于12mm厚的钢板,线能量最大不能超过32kJ.cm-1。     

E36钢板成分对埋弧焊接头韧性的影响

针对TMCP工艺生产的3个炉批次E36钢12 mm板,开展了钢板及埋弧焊接头力学性能、系列温度冲击试验,研究了钢中C、Ni、Nb、Ti元素对钢板埋弧焊接头韧性的影响。研究结果表明,降低钢中C含量、添加少量Ni元素有利于提高埋弧焊接头低温韧性,采用Nb、Ti微合金化,有利于细化母材晶粒及抑制焊接热影响区晶粒粗化,而钢中Nb元素对焊缝微观组织及韧性有不利影响,应进行适量控制。     

热输入对E40钢双丝埋弧焊焊缝组织及性能的影响

为研究最新研制的大热输入焊接所用低合金高强实心焊丝G55,对大热输入用钢E40进行热输入分别为60、122、158 kJ/cm的双丝埋弧焊焊接.经过拉伸、冲击试验及光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析,对焊接接头焊缝组织性能进行研究,并对接头强韧性进行分析.结果表明:不同热输入焊缝组织均以针状铁素体组织为主;随着热输入的增加,焊缝冲击韧性增加,这是因为焊接热输入增加时,柱状晶比例减小、宽度增加,针状铁素体含量增加;焊缝中含氧量减少,夹杂物数量减少;焊接道次减少导致块状铁素体含量减少等三方面因素.随着热输入的增加,焊缝金属强度提高,主要是因焊缝针状铁素体组织含量增加.     

焊接热输入对耐热钢埋弧焊(SAW)焊缝金属冲击韧性的影响

耐热钢因具有优异的焊接性能和加工性能而被广泛应用于许多制造工业。为了提高焊接接头的性能,同时延长构件的使用寿命和提高工作效率,选择合适的焊接热输入是非常重要的。本工作研究不同焊接热输入对耐热钢埋弧焊焊缝金属冲击韧性的影响。通过夏比冲击试验测试不同焊接热输入下焊缝金属的冲击韧性。利用扫描电镜、光镜和显微硬度等手段分析不同热输入下焊缝金属冲击韧性差异的原因。高热输入焊缝金属对应显微组织是块状铁素体、链状分布的碳化物和大尺寸的夹杂物。较大尺寸夹杂物越容易使裂纹形核。更多硬脆碳化物相的聚集导致裂纹形核扩展越容易。造成不同焊接热输入下耐热钢埋弧焊焊缝金属冲击韧性波动的原因是焊缝金属组织的不均匀,高热输入下出现的粗大块状铁素体、链状碳化物、块状M-A组元和较大尺寸的夹杂物导致冲击韧性的降低。     

非金属夹杂物与钢的韧性研究

２０年前已经研究过非金属夹杂物对钢性能的影响。本文较为详细地研究试样中含有硫化物和氮化物两种类型的夹杂物对负韧性的影响。根据一系列试样测定了几种断裂参数,用以验算Ｋｒａｆｆｔ和其他学者建立的断裂模型。实验结果得出这样的结论：按照Ｋｒａｆｆｔ公式计算的ＫＩＣ值与通过实验获得的ＫＩＣ植相一致。     

非金属夹杂物与钢的韧性研究

20年前已经研究过非金属夹杂物对钢性能的影响。本文较为详细地研究试样中含有硫化物和氮化物两种类型的夹杂物对钢韧性的影响。根据一系列试样测定了几种断裂参数 ,用以验算 Krafft和其他学者建立的断裂模型。实验结果得出这样结论 :按照 Krafft公式计算的 KIC值与通过实验获得的 KIC值相一致。     

焊接热输入对X80焊管焊缝组织与性能的影响

针对双面螺旋埋弧焊管所具有的先内焊后外焊的焊接顺序特点,以实际焊缝为研究对象,采用焊接热循环理论,利用焊接热模拟技术、现代材料力学性能检测技术和显微分析方法,对X80管线钢内焊缝在不同热输入下的韧性分布规律以及组织特征进行了研究.结果表明:当焊接线能量为17～35kJ/cm时,X80管线钢焊缝粗晶热影响区(WCGHAZ)可获得较好的韧性水平,其中线能量为20kJ/cm时,WCGHAZ可获得最佳韧性水平.当焊接线能量小于17kJ/cm和大于35kJ/cm时,X80管线钢WCGHAZ的韧性水平都有所下降.因此可将17～35kJ/cm的线能量作为X80管线钢外焊缝的推荐焊接工艺规范.     

日本两公司开发的大热输入焊接用高强度钢

为了提高船舶及建筑结构等的焊接效率,必须采用大热输入焊接等措施。介绍了日本各钢铁公司研究开发的多种新技术,包括利用TiN对热影响区晶粒长大进行有效控制,依靠铁素体形核核心手段实现晶粒细化,并利用控制热影响区微观组织以及采用TMCP控制轧制技术等。在综合利用这些技术的基础上,开发成功了各种适合于大热输入焊接的高强度钢,以确保大热输入条件下热影响区具有高的韧性,用于造船、建筑结构、桥梁等的建造。     

Zr微合金钢粗晶热影响区韧性和组织分析

为了获得大热输入焊接热影响区,利用实验室25 kg真空感应炉炼制不同Zr含量的实验用钢,在MMS-300型热模拟机上,对其试样进行热输入能量为100 kJ/cm,峰值温度1 400℃的大热输入焊接热模拟实验.借助电子探针(EPMA)等对CGHAZ中形成针状铁素体(AF)的夹杂物进行了微区分析,研究了夹杂物的化学组成和分布形态.结果表明:当Zr含量为0.003%时,焊接CGHAZ区低温冲击韧性最好,当Zr含量大于0.003%时CGHAZ的低温韧性随着Zr含量的增加呈下降趋势;CGHAZ中的奥氏体晶粒尺寸随小尺寸夹杂物数量的增加而降低;形成AF的夹杂物多以Zr的氧化物为核心表面析出MnS的复合氧化物夹杂,尺寸在0.5～3μm.     

热输入对Q890高强钢焊缝组织及性能的影响

针对国内某钢厂最新研制的Q890高强钢,采用三种不同的热输入对其进行气体保护焊接,研究了不同热输入对焊缝金属组织、硬度及冲击韧性的影响.结果表明,3种热输入下,焊缝组织主要以板条贝氏体为主,并含有粒状贝氏体、少量的板条马氏体和残余奥氏体.随着热输入的增大,焊缝组织中贝氏体铁素体板条粗化,板条马氏体逐渐减少,而粒状贝氏体逐渐增多,部分残余奥氏体由薄膜状向块状转变;焊缝金属硬度随着热输入的增大而下降;焊缝金属的冲击韧性亦呈逐渐下降的趋势.     

On the heterogeneous microstructure development in the welded joint of 12MnNiVR pressure vessel steel subjected to high heat input electrogas welding

Microstructure features of 12MnNiVR pressure vessel steel welded joint deposited by the high heat input electrogas welding have been systematically investigated. It is revealed that the welded joint is featured by a heterogeneous juxtaposition. The coarse grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) primarily consists of lath bainites and minor granular bainites. The fine grained heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) is dominated by polygonal ferrites, pearlites, and fine cementite particles. Moreover, electron backscatter diffraction results further demonstrate that the CGHAZ is populated by coarse prior austenite grains (PAGs) with high frequency (61.3%) of low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs). On the other hand, the FGHAZ is filled with fine PAGs with a lower frequency (19.6%) of LAGBs. Such microstructural differences may likely contribute to differed mechanical properties for samples tested at designed positions.     

Fracture toughness correlation with microstructure and other mechanical properties in near-eutectoid steel

The variation of yield strength and fracture toughness was investigated for four different heat treatments attempted on specimens of a near-eutectoid steel. The aim of this study was to optimize the microstructure for simultaneous improvements in strength and toughness. Further, the fracture toughness deduced through empirical relations from tensile and charpy impact tests was compared with those measured directly according to ASTM Designation: E 399. Among the four different heat treatments attempted in this study, the plane strain condition was valid in the fracture toughness tests for (i) normalized and (ii) hardened and tempered (500°C for 1 h) treatments only. The latter of the two heat treatments resulted in simultaneous improvement of strength and plane strain fracture toughness. The finely-dispersed carbides seem to arrest the crack propagation and also increase the strength. The pearlitic microstructure of the former leads to easy crack propagation along cementite platelets and/or cementite/ferrite interfaces. The nature of variation of empirically determined toughness values from tensile tests for different heat treatments is similar to that measured directly through fracture toughness tests, although the two sets of values do not match quantitatively. On the other hand, the toughness data deduced from charpy impact test is in close agreement with that evaluated directly from fracture toughness tests.     

双电极奥氏体不锈钢焊条单弧焊工艺研究

本文研究了双电极奥氏体不锈钢焊条单弧焊电弧的静特性、焊接电流、电弧电压、焊芯间隙对双电极焊条单弧焊的工艺性能和焊缝成形的影响;通过热电偶测试技术,对双电极焊条单弧焊焊接过程中不同部位焊芯表面温升进行了测定.研究结果表明焊芯直径为φ4.0mm的双电极A102焊条,其合适焊接工艺参数为:焊接电流140～160A,电弧电压45V左右,焊条两芯间隙1.2～1.5mm,焊接板厚8mm的1Cr18Ni9Ti材料,焊缝成形良好.     

Influence of heat input on microstructure and fracture toughness property in different zones of X80 pipeline steel weldments

In this paper, microstructure observations and mechanical behaviour of fusion line and offsetting positions from fusion line by 1, 2 and 3 mm were analysed. For the welding of X80 pipeline steel plates, different magnitudes of heat inputs such as high heat input (HHI) 25 kJ/cm, medium heat input (MHI) 20 kJ/cm and low heat input (LHI) 15 kJ/cm were employed. Critical values of J‐integral (J_0.2) and crack tip opening displacement (CTOD_0.2) for predetermined regions in the X80 weldment were determined as per ASTM‐E1820a. M‐A constituents of different sizes such as small (1–2 μm), large >2 μm and slender (>4 μm) were observed in the microstructure of subzones of weldments for different heat inputs. Formation of granular bainite, M‐A constituents and inclusions of Ti, Si, Mo in the microstructure impaired fracture toughness property. In the X80 weldment, the fusion line (FL) for HHI was found weakest in terms of fracture resistance, which subsequently increases the risk of fracture.     

Hybrid laser/arc welding of advanced high strength steel in different butt joint configurations

An experimental procedure was developed to join thick advanced high strength steel plates by using the hybrid laser/arc welding (HLAW) process, for different butt joint configurations. The geometry of the weld groove was optimized according to the requirements of ballistic test, where the length of the softened heat affected zone should be less than 15.9 mm from the weld centerline. The cross-section of the welds was examined by microhardness test. The microstructure of welds was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and an optical microscope for further analysis of the microstructure of fusion zone and heat affected zone. It was demonstrated that by changing the geometry of groove, and increasing the stand-off distance between the laser beam and the tip of wire in gas metal arc welding (GMAW) it is possible to reduce the width of the heat affected zone and softened area while the microhardness stays within the acceptable range. It was shown that double Y-groove shape can provide the optimum condition for the stability of arc and laser. The dimensional changes of the groove geometry provided substantial impact on the amount of heat input, causing the fluctuations in the hardness of the weld as a result of phase transformation and grain size. The on-line monitoring of HLAW of the advanced high strength steel indicated the arc and laser were stable during the welding process. It was shown that less plasma plume was formed in the case where the laser was leading the arc in the HLAW, causing higher stability of the molten pool in comparison to the case where the arc was leading.     

Influences of flux-cored arc welding consumables on dynamic fracture toughness (J1d) of armour grade Q&T steel joints

Quenched and tempered (Q&T) steels are prone to hydrogen-induced cracking in the HAZ after welding. Austenitic stainless steel (ASS) welding consumables are traditionally used for welding of high hardness Q&T steels as they have higher solubility for hydrogen. The use of stainless steel consumables for a non-stainless steel base metal is not economical. In recent years, the developments of low hydrogen ferritic steel (LHF) consumables that contain no hygroscopic compounds are utilized for welding of Q&T steels The use of ASS and LHF consumables for armour grade Q&T steel will lead to formation of distinct microstructures in their respective welds. This microstructural heterogeneity will have a drastic influence in the dynamic fracture toughness of the armour grade Q&T steel welds. Hence, an attempt was made in this paper to study the influence of flux-cored arc welding consumables on dynamic fracture toughness ( J _1d) of armour grade Q&T steel joints. The flux-cored arc welding consumables have a significant effect on the dynamic fracture toughness of the armour grade Q&T steel welds. The joints fabricated using ASS flux-cored wires showed superior J _1d values than the joints fabricated using LHF consumables and the base metal.